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Il contributo presenta una sintesi e un'analisi delle fonti sui beotarchi attestati dal I al III secolo d.C. Dopo una sezione introduttiva sul rapporto tra il koinon dei Beoti e la provincia Achaia, sono dapprima considerate le testimonianze di Plutarco e di Pausania sulla vita regionale in Beozia. Seguono una prosopografia dei beotarchi noti per via epigrafica e letteraria e un confronto con alcuni episodi di vita cittadina in Beozia nel II secolo. È così argomentata l'ipotesi di un beotarca unico, su base elettiva, dalle funzioni amministrative limitate e privo di capacità decisionale, ancora nelle mani di un'assemblea regionale con sede a Coronea. Quest'ultima prosegue e sviluppa l'importante agone regionale dei Pamboiotia.

The concept of homology is a key component of contemporary theoretical biology because around it and through it numerous joint research projects aims to rethink the centrality of the organism, its evolutionary paths and the significance of its interaction with the environmental reality. The network of homologies that weaves the organismal form allows to structure and channel its morphological and functional innovations. Even this systemic component makes homology a fundamental concept for a dynamic consideration of the living form, like that sought by an aesthetics that does not intend to limit itself to investigate aesthetic attitude and the artistic productions, but knows how to tackle questions related to the more comprehensive question (eminently elaborated from the morphological traditional) of the unity of action and perception as aesthetic configuration of the living being.This study offers a survey of some of the key moments of the historical foundation of the concept of homology, from Goethe's botanical research and their significance in the whole project of Goethe's morphology, to continue with the elaboration of the concept of “anatomical element” by Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and its problematic (or even misleading) reinterpretation by Arthur Schopenhauer, leading up to the foundation of the modern concept of homology with Richard Owen, in connection with the concept of analogy and the elaboration of the concept of “vertebrate archetype”. In conclusion, this study aims to identify some maior interest of the concept and the theoretical potentialities that find expression in it, between morphological perspective and attention to the material constraints of the form.

We report the case of a patient with HER2-positive breast cancer under adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy and trastuzumab) who developed a recurrence with bone (cervical spine) and lung involvement. After treatment with lapatinib and capecitabine, the patient remained stable with considerable improvement of her physical condition. After 6 years she is still in maintenance therapy with lapatinib. This case is among a number of long term surviving and long term responding patients, within an atypical subset of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, in the presence of encephalic lesions (Oncology).

The concept of homology is the most solid theoretical basis elaborated by the morphological thinking during its history. The enucleation of some general criteria for the interpretation of homology is today a fundamental tool for life sciences, and for restoring their own opening to the question of qualitative innovation that arose so powerfully in the original Darwinian project. The aim of this paper is to verify the possible uses of the concept of compositional homology in order to provide of an adequate understanding of the dynamics of creative thinking.

This paper aims to examine the use of the circle metaphor within the functionalist perspective by Jakob von Uexküll and the morphological perspective by Viktor von Weizsäcker. Whereas the functionalist theory dissolves the unity of the organism in the multiplicity of functional relationships, Weizsäcker’s morphology recognizes the fundamental unity of the biological act, leading to a new concept of the living organism.

Aim of this paper is to outline a new evolutionary interpretation of aesthetic emotions, in the light of the most recent developments in Evolutionary Biology, in particular the so-called “Extended Synthesis of Evolution” (Pigliucci-Müller 2010). Focussing on the biological concept of homology, the Author argues that, in order to effectively understand role and evolutionary value of aesthetic emotions, it should be asked not “what aesthetic emotions are for?”, rather “what kind of constraints and homologies influence the specific “shape” of human aesthetic emotions?”. In a few words, we should move from a functionalist approach to human aesthetic emotions towards a morphological one.

Is it achievable to read aesthetic experience as a modular adaptation, and what would be its implication on the image of man, on aesthetics and on evolutionary theory itself? An alternative path is offered by evolutionary morphology, starting from the elaboration of a biologic concept of organism and from the notion of homology of function as a system of interconnections organized in a hierarchy. We deduce the possibility of thinking the peculiar innovation of aesthetic experience in an evolutionary way.

This paper aims to examine the relationships between the research of young Viktor von Weizsäcker and Kant’s critical thinking. Starting from the criticism of Driesch’s Neovitalism, here are considered some of the major contributions of Weizsacker in the years 1911-1926, in order to show its path between criticism of knowledge, metaphysics, construction of a biology and a medical anthropology.

Herder is usually considered to be one of the mayor sources of the aesthetics of empaty. The present contribution aims at offering a brief rewiew of some main places in Herder aesthetical theory and at reconstructing the genesis of the family of concepts including fühlen, Gefühl, Mitfühlen, Familiengefühl, in order to understand their relationship with regard to the theory of knowledge, the aesthetics, the politics.

Nature doesn’t seem reducible to rigid systems and classifications. Although resorting to metaphors may give rise to contradictions, it allows the elaboration of explanatory models which help us to organize thought and to find orientation in the natural world. Giving form through metaphors stands for seeking the way by which mankind looks for both solutions and new configurations to face nature’s enigmas. The creation of morphological and/or evolutionary metaphors framed in a schematic way what Hugo called “man’s groping in the universe of nature”. Circles, arrows, spirals, scales, etc. stood for research directions: for example, scale became metaphor of an “animal universe” that – as it was thought to be in the Eighteenth Century – organized itself in a bottom-up scale. The circle referred to “metamorphosis” (Alle Glieder bilden sich aus nach ew'gen Gesetzen, /Und die seltenste Form bewahrt im Geheimen das Urbild), which reminds us of Goethe’s thinking. Metaphors are never an aim in themselves: they always determine a way of thinking as well as choices and research directions.Such a use of the linguistic image deeply influences the very notion of metaphor as figures of speech. If, on the one hand, metaphor shows unknown structures of nature, on the other it rediscovers its own ‘naturalness’. Starting from the deep interconnection between functional and formal tasks in morphological discussion, metaphor turned from “figure” to “figuration”, Gestaltung, and in doing so it revealed a dynamic structure able to make us understand new links and directions in the sense of a metamorphic nature.Far from limiting itself to a historical retrospection, the methodological significance of having recourse to metaphor profoundly informs the most recent questions in the scientific field and notably in life sciences, in the very moment in which it leads and encourages a renewed dialogue between sciences and philosophy.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a well-known clinical manifestation of Prader-Willi syndrome. The aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy for the treatment of the disorder as well as the improvement of their post-operative quality of life. Five patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apneas and adenotonsillar hypertrophy of grade III-IV underwent adenotonsillectomy. Pre- and postoperative apneas and Quality of Life were assessed respectively with a polysomnography with multi-sleep latency test and with the pediatric Quality of Life questionnaire, performed before and 6 months after surgery. A decrease of apnea/hypopnea index values has been detected between pre- and post-surgery (t=2.64, P=0.005), as well as oxygen desaturation index values (t=5.51, P=0.005), multi-sleep latency test (t=4.54, P=0.01), and of the values of pediatric Quality of Life questionnaire. No correlation has been detected between body mass index and apnea/hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index and multi-sleep latency test values pre- and post-adenotonsillectomy. A correlation has been found between multi-sleep latency test and oxygen desaturation index values post-surgery (P=0.04). No post-operative complications were observed. Our data underline the efficacy of surgery in Prader-Willi patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy in order to improve their quality of life.

L’articolo presenta il nuovo progetto di Istoreco sulla memoria storica vista dalle arti visive che commemorano Resistenza e Shoah.

The article presents an innovative methodo logy for the 3D surveying and mod eling of floating and semi-submerged objects. Photogramm etry is used for surveying both the underwater and emerged parts of the object and the two surveys are com bined together by means of special rigid orientation devices. As examp le, a challenging project is repo rted, i.e. a large shipwreck (almo st 300 meters long) interested by a 52 m long leak at the waterline. The article co vers the entire workflow, starting from the preparation and data acquisition do wn to the realization of the digital 3D mod el by means of dense image matching proc edures as well as deformation analyses and comp arison with the craft original plane.

Published by Herder in 1781, the short study "Liebe und Selbstheit" represents one of the most significant moments of the reception of the works of Hemsterhuis in Germany, and is, at the same time, one of the most advanced points of arrival of the aesthetic and physiological thought of its author.

This paper employs a sample of 3,525 manufacturing firms in Italy to estimate the impact of investments in Information & Communication Technology (ICT) on firms' productivity. The results, which are confirmed by separate estimations for individual industries or groups thereof, support the hypothesis that the ICTs are a general-purpose technology, or a new technological paradigm. This is because, like with electricity, they influence the productivity of firms in many industries, including traditional ones. Moreover, the firms with higher investments in ICTs show higher employment growth. Our results also indicate that there are differences among firms in the propensity to invest in the ICTs, irrespective of their industry. JEL Codes: L60, D24, L86, G31 Keywords: Firm, Investment, Manufacturing, Productivity

L’autore mette a confronto il suff. it. -ign|o con il corrispondente siciliano e calabrese -ign|u, rilevando, sulla base di tutti gli esempi disponibili, la moderata produttività del suffisso italiano, rispetto alla maggiore produttività del corrispondente suffisso del dialetto. La maggiore produttività di quest’ultimo si ripercuote sull’italiano letterario di due grandi scrittori espressionisti: il siciliano Stefano D’Arrigo e il calabrese Giuseppe Occhiato. Di questi autori vengono ricordate tutte le forme in -ign|o presenti nei loro romanzi e presentate alcune schede di parole nuove alla lessicografia italiana.

The article addresses the oracular tale of Paus. X 14,5-6. The Pythia's refusal to host the spoils offered by Themistokles can be read as an episode of Themistokles' ups and downs in the reception of his figure from the classical to the imperial age. The author sets the story in the context of the Greek and the Athenian commemoration of the Persian Wars. The oracle story marks the impossibility to link the battle of Salamis with a figure who was later to betray the Athenians. The similar refusal to accept the Spartan Pausanias' signature on the victory tripod in Delphi suggests a broader reluctance towards individual commemorations of the Persian Wars.

Incidental detection of a mediastinal mass in a asymptomatic patient poses a not easy diagnostic problem. For solid masses or cysts, histology or cytology is often necessary. Although substernal extension of a cervical goiter is common, totally intrathoracic primary thyroidal mass is unusual. We describe a rare case of heterotopic accessory mediastinal thyroid in a patient completely asymptomatic both for signs of thyroid dysfunction and mechanical compression. Radiological and hormonal 6 and 12 months follow-up is reported.