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Objectives: to examine the Cetlin protocol for short-term dentoalveolar changes in the sagittal and transversal planes in non-extraction treatment., Materials and Methods: eighty patients with Class II, div.1 malocclusion treated with the Cetlin protocol, comprising upper distalizing plate, extraoral traction, and lower lip bumper. Dental study models were examined before treatment and after molar Class II correction during which upper molars were mechanically distalized, distobuccally rotated and expanded., Results: the upper arch perimeter increased significantly. The lip bumper produced functional expansion of the lower arch, especially in the transverse plane, with an important increase in the arch perimeter., Conclusions: in the short-term, the Cetlin protocol made the following improvements: 1) molar correction, 2) resolution or improvement of crowding, 3) space recovery in both arches for leveling the curve of Spee and final adjustments. Further improvements in intercuspation can be made, if necessary, by fixed appliance therapy.

A sudden cervical extension-flexion (whiplash) can cause a temporomandibular pathology with a direct and indirect mechanism of action. A total of 24 patients of both sexes who had undergone acute cervical trauma, which had led to masticatory dysfunction of a meniscal or algomyo-facial type, were examined. The most frequent signs and symptoms were regional pain, a qualitative and quantitative change in movements, cephalea, and articular noise. A complete condylo-meniscal block was observed in three cases. Concomitant radiographic tests using a trans-cranial projection confirmed clinical findings. A multidisciplinary individual therapeutic approach ensured complete functional recovery; prognosis varied with regard to cephalalgia which is related to the individual's psycho-behavioural substrate. The paper stresses the importance of early diagnosis and targeted treatment in order to prevent symptoms from becoming chronic thus making the disorder a disability which is difficult to treat.

The Authors have studied 81 patients, age 4 to 14 years, who exhibit unilateral posterior cross-bites. In the study it was found that the morphology of the maxillary arch can be symmetrical, contracted or expanded on the side of the cross-bite. Of the symmetrical maxillary arches, 79.3% occluded with a mandibular arch on symmetrical bone. Of the arches constricted on the side of the cross-bite, 81.0% occluded with a mandibular arch on asymmetrical bone. Of the arches expanded on the side of the cross-bite, 81.0% occluded with a mandibular arch on asymmetrical bone. From this study we can also say that it is possible to obtain diagnostic data concerning the morphology of the mandibular bone from the morphology of the maxillary arch. Statistical analysis of these data reveals this to be particularly true when the maxillary arch is expanded on the side of the cross-bite.

37 patients aged between 8 and 11 years old, were treated with the application of a lip bumper in order to explore the effects on the lateral sites after 1 year of treatment. Patients were been divided into two groups, depending on age (8-9 and 10-11) subdividend depending on typology and compared with similar control group. After one year the dental basal height was measured and resulted to be 0.90 mm higher in treated patients than in the control groups.

The A.A. analysed the cranial base morphology on 14 school-children in the eastern part of Naples, to establish if the most used cephalometric values were useful for Campanian people. The values found out resulted superimposed to those referred in the considered analysis.

In this article the Authors have performed a study on 318 students in Naples to estimate the incidence of the dysphonetic diseases in 6-12-18 years-old subjects. The investigation showed that 34.9% of examined patients revealed speech troubles; these troubles were more common in 6-years-old subjects. The dyslalies were the most common phonetic trouble (97.9%) with prevalence of sygmatism (87.9%). The Authors mean to extend the study on more large sample, although the results of the present study were significant.