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Atualmente, no cenário da comunicação e saúde, pacientes ascendem às plataformas digitais para produzir conteúdo, interagir, buscar informações e criar uma comunidade de apoio. Nesse contexto, esses sujeitos elaboram a si mesmos e a enfermidades com base em diferentes sentidos produzidos e postos em circulação. Diante do exposto, este artigo tem como objetivo investigar como se constituem as experiências comunicacionais de pacientes com Síndrome de Turner (ST) e de seus familiares no contexto da midiatização da saúde, assim como averiguar como estas configuram o processo de circulação exacerbada. Para tanto, foram analisados comentários da página do Facebook da Turner Syndrome Global Alliance e do canal do YouTube Butterfly TV. Assim, a Circulação Exacerbada pode ser compreendida como uma processualidade na qual há a exaltação, o redimensionamento, a reconfiguração e o reforço dos sentidos por meio dos aspectos da vida íntima dos sujeitos. É por meio dela que sentidos são modificados e criados sobre o viver com a desordem cromossômica. Ou seja, a circulação exacerbada permite que as pacientes meninas e mulheres elaborem a si mesmas e deem novas configurações ao que é ter ST. Isso muda a relação de poderes existentes, colocando as pacientes como protagonistas no processo de compreender essa doença rara.

Escherichia coli can harbor a broad repertoire of virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, which can be exchanged across the human gastrointestinal microflora, thus posing a public health risk. In this study, six batches of artisanal soft cheese and a 6-month ripened fermented dried sausage were investigated to assess the occurrence, phylogeny, and genomic traits (AMR, virulence, and mobilome) of E. coli. Thirty and three strains isolated from salami and cheese food chains, respectively, were confirmed as E. coli by whole genome sequencing. The accumulation of single nucleotide polymorphism differences within small clusters of strains encompassing batches or processing stages, combined with high serotype and phylogroup diversity, suggested the occurrence of different contamination phenomena among the facilities. A total of eight isolates harbored plasmid-mediated resistance genes, including one cheese strain that carried an IncQ1 plasmid carrying AMR determinants to macrolides [mph(B)], sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), trimethoprim (dfrA1), and aminoglycosides [aph(3'')-Ib and aph(6)-Id]. A pool of virulence-associated genes in the class of adhesion, colonization, iron uptake, and toxins, putative ColV-positive iron uptake systems sit, iro, or iuc (eight salami and two cheese), plasmid-encoded hemolysin operon hlyABCD (one salami), and potential atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (three salami environment) were reported. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of routine surveillance of E. coli in the artisanal food chain to prevent the dissemination of AMR and virulence.

In order to guarantee the safety of the gas production plants, Air Liquide conducts NDT inspections regularly closely following the assets’ maintenance plans. One high criticality asset is the Pressure Swing Adsorber (PSA), found in the last stages of the hydrogen production process, where product purification takes place. These adsorbers are pressure vessels and need to be inspected for hydrogen enhanced fatigue cracks. Conventional inspection would require stopping site operation, building scaffolding for the totality of the height, which depending on design can be up to 15 meters tall and 6 meters in diameter, grinding of the inspection surface to remove the paint, conducting the inspection manually by 2 operators, and repainting once inspections are concluded. Commonly, inspection plans for these high-criticality assets outline a high inspection frequency, resulting in elevated costs associated with logistics, personnel and time and monetary resources required to plan and execute each inspection. This necessity is what drove Air Liquide R&D and INTACT to create a partnership and develop an automated crawler that can be deployed on in-service ferromagnetic assets for Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) inspection, using Total Focusing Method (TFM) with INTACT proprietary imaging and software. The robot, named IBEX Crawler, is deployed at the lowest part of the vessel and controlled safely at the ground level by a single operator. It is able to change directions to accommodate the inspection of longitudinal and circular welds. It includes an encoding system that enables operators to exactly locate any indications present. The crawler’s payload includes an electronic 128 elements PAUT board controlled by fiber optics, laser tracking and machine vision camera. The inspection results are analyzed by 3D reconstruction and managed by mechanical integrity assessments proprietary technology, calculating the stability of the found indications and using fracture mechanics and Fitness-For-Service (FFS) to estimate the residual lifetime of the indications and in consequence, the interval between inspections to develop a more accurate maintenance plan. Today INTACT’s IBEX crawlers travel worldwide between Air Liquide sites to ensure the integrity of the assets.

X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is an X-linked dominant disease caused by mutations in the Phosphate-Regulating Endopeptidase X-Linked (PHEX) gene. Due to its rarity and the wide range of clinical manifestations, management of the disease can be challenging due to several associated clinical implications that may arise during follow-up. The neurological complications associated with XLH are the most severe and often less known, which lead to important comorbidities. With the aim of summarizing the available knowledge on neurosurgical intervention in patients with XLH, we present four emblematic cases with disorders requiring neurosurgical evaluation. Relevant diagnostic delay was seen in two of these cases, with another case demonstrating that complications requiring neurosurgery may be present even in patients with few symptoms. The last case stresses the need for care of adult patients who can present with undiagnosed comorbidities. We also carried out a narrative review on neurosurgical interventions in patients with XLH. Through case reports and a review of the literature, focus is placed on the role of the neurosurgeon in the management of patients with XLH. In fact, neurosurgical intervention can often provide stable outcomes for craniosynostosis and clinical improvement for symptoms related to spinal stenosis. Thus, the neurosurgeon can aid in optimizing management of patients with XLH and should be a member of both adult and pediatric multidisciplinary teams. Lastly, additional studies are needed to determine if the early use of burosumab in infants can help to avoid complications in the long term.

In the present study, the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli VTEC was investigated in two batches of artisanal Italian salami tested in winter and summer. Moreover, enumerations of total bacterial count, lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were performed as well as monitoring of water activity and pH. Samples were taken from raw materials, production process environment, semi-finished product and finished products. The results revealed an overall increase of total bacterial count and lactic acid bacteria during the ripening period, along with a decrease of Enterobacteriaceae, pH and water activity. No significant difference was observed between the two batches. The enterobacterial load appeared to decrease during the maturation period mainly due to a decrease in pH and water activity below the limits that allow the growth of these bacteria. E. coli VTEC, Salmonella spp. or L. monocytogenes were not detected in both winter and summer batches. However, Klebsiella pneumoniae was detected in both summer and winter product. Except for one isolate, no biological hazards were detected in the finished salami, proving the efficacy of the ripening period in controlling the occurrence of microbiological hazard in ripened salami. Further studies are required to assess the virulence potential of the Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the resistome and virulome diversity of 43 isolates of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and S. aureus collected from artisanal fermented meat and dairy products and their production environments in Portugal, Spain, Italy and Morocco. After DNA extraction, genomes were sequenced, and de novo assembled. Genetic relationships among genomes were investigated by SNP calling and in silico 7- loci MLST. Genomes of the same species belonged to different ST-types demonstrating the circulation of different clones in in the same artisanal production plant. One specific clone included genomes of S. Paratyphi B belonging to ST43 and repeatedly isolated for more than a year in an artisanal sausage production plant. No genomes but three (belonging to Salmonella enterica), were predicted as multiresistant to different antimicrobials classes. Regarding virulence, genomes of L. monocytogenes belonging to ST1, ST3 and ST489, as well as genomes of S.enterica enterica (ST43, ST33, ST314, ST3667, ST1818, ST198) and ST121 S. aureus were predicted as virulent and hypervirulent. The occurrence of virulent and hypervirulent L. monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and S. aureus strains in artisanal fermented meat and dairy productions as well as in their finished products suggests the need for a specific focus on prevention and control measures able to reduce the risk of these biological hazards in artisanal food productions.

The present essay focuses on the contamination of methodologies in the field of literary analysis. More specifically, a model of analysis, resulting from the encounter of stylistics and cognitive poetics will be presented in order to demonstrate that the application of hybrid methodologies can lead to a deeper and far-reaching understanding of literary works; the pivotal researches by Geoffrey Leech and Mick Short (Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose, 1981) and Peter Stockwell (Cognitive Poetics: An Introduction, 2002) will constitute the basis of the model at issue. After briefly illustrating the model itself, an example of quantitative and qualitative analysis will be provided; the object of study will be Lord Randal, a traditional ballad that can be defined as endemic across Europe. In fact, attestations can be found in many European languages, although the plot often presents minor differences. The final part of the essay will briefly discuss the mechanisms behind empathy in the above-mentioned ballad.

The present study aimed at assessing the occurrence of microbiological hazards (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157) in an artisanal soft cheese produced in northern Italy. In the same product total bacterial count, lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated, and pH and water activity measured in two batches sampled in summer and winter. Samples of raw materials, environmental swabs from the production processes and cheese during 15 days of storage at 2 and 8°C as well as dynamic temperature of 2°C for 5 days and 8°C for 10 days were collected and tested. The load of total bacterial count was significantly higher in the winter batch in comparison to the summer one, with a significant increase at the end of the storage period also noticed for lactic acid bacteria. Statistical higher values of pH were registered in raw materials and end of storage in winter batch. S. aureus was confirmed only in the winter batch within samples (n=4) of stored cheese. On plates used for E. coli O157 detection, colonies of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca were isolated. The results suggest that the highest bacterial population in the winter batch was associated to a higher pH in stored cheese and a higher number of biological hazards identified. Their isolation started in the maturation room suggesting this step as relevant for possible cheese contamination.

Fin dagli ultimi decenni del XX secolo, la tecnologia ed il digitale hanno avuto una rapida evoluzione e con l’inizio del millennio la globalizzazione ha ridotto le distanze spaziali favorendo la diffusione della nuova tecnologia e velocizzando la crescita del mondo digitale. Anche nell’Architettura e nel Design l’avvento del digitale ha favorito lo sviluppo delle più recenti metodologie di analisi e di studio e soprattutto di nuovi linguaggi di comunicazione del Progetto. Il testo mette in evidenza le varie possibilità di restituzione del percorso progettuale quando ottenute con l’uso del digitale. Si evidenzieranno le principali differenze raffrontando il linguaggio del disegno digitale e dell’applicazione del digitale come supporto al disegno.

The article presents the OLESchool research, which conducted a feasibility study aimed at the definition of an integrated learning ecosystem model in which the school system becomes the focus of an open learning environment. The research considered the criticalities, priorities and limitations related to the pandemic event, highlighting the resources and opportunities generated, and aimed to identify those success factors and criteria for building prototypes and hypotheses of expected results to be implemented at a subsequent stage. The research adopted a collaborative approach starting with the stakeholder engagement process. The research team applied a methodological design inspired by the Grounded Theory paradigm, studying the phenomenon holistically from different points of view with qualitative-quantitative parallel research phases and triangulation between researchers, theories, data and tools. The contribution presents the results, distinguished between output and outcome of the research. Ecosistemi educativi: un modello di ricerca applicato in quattro territori della Toscana. Il contributo presenta la ricerca OLESchool che ha visto la realizzazione di uno studio di fattibilità volto alla definizione di un modello di ecosistema formativo integrato dove il sistema scolastico diventa fulcro di un ambiente di apprendimento aperto. Sono state tenute in considerazione criticità, priorità e vincoli relativi all’evento pandemico, facendo emergere le risorse e le opportunità scaturite e puntando all’individuazione di quei fattori di successo e criteri di costruzione di prototipi e ipotesi di risultati attesi da implementare in una fase successiva. La ricerca ha seguito un approccio di tipo collaborativo a partire dal processo di stakeholder engagement. È stato adottato un disegno metodologico ispirato al paradigma della Grounded Theory, studiando il fenomeno in modo olistico da punti di vista differenti, con fasi di ricerca parallele quali-quantitative e trasversali di triangolazione tra ricercatori, teorie, dati e strumenti. Nel contributo sono presentati i risultati distinti tra output e outcome della ricerca.

In the present study, the antimicrobial effect of Cannabis sativa Futura 75 was evaluated both in vitro against foodborne bacterial pathogens, and on food against naturally occurring microbial groups of minced meat stored for 8 days at 4°C. Ethanol extraction was performed on the grind of the inflorescence. After extraction, ethanol was completely evaporated and substituted by water. Serial dilutions of the extract, the grind and cannabidiol 99% were added to Nutrient Agar and spotted with Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. Regarding the evaluation on food, 50 mL of extract, characterised by CBD at concentration of 322,70 μg/mL, were added to 2.5 kg of minced beef meat. Meat was divided into aliquots and stored for 8 days at 4°C. At 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8 days, aerobic bacteria, enterobacteria, coliforms and E. coli were enumerated. All tested products were efficient against Gram +. In particular, extract corresponding to CBD concentration of 0.017 and 0.3 mg/mL were effective against L. monocytogenes and Staphylococcus spp. respectively. After 8 days of storage at 4°C, treated minced meat showed a bright red colour in comparison to a brownish control meat. Moreover, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms were significantly reduced of 2.3 log CFU/g and 1.6 log CFU/g respectively in treated meat in comparison to the control. Although preliminary, the present study suggests the antimicrobial properties of the extract of Cannabis sativa both in vitro and in minced meat.

The authors would like to correct the authorship in this publication, for the below-mentioned reason. Four co-authors (Johanna Pamp Sünje, Hanne Mordhorst, Claudia Wylezich, Casper Poulsen) have not been listed in the original version of the paper, due to an underestimation of the time needed to publish the results of PT as a whole, for which the dataset selected as described in the manuscript has been submitted. As a consequence, part of the mock community used in the PT has been described in the paper published in Italian Journal of Food Safety for the first time. Therefore, these authors involved in the design and preparation of the mock community, as well as spiking of the samples, should be added. Their contribution is detailed below: - Pamp Sünje Johanna, designed mock community, contribution to design of ring trial. - Mordhorst Hanne, preparation of the spiked samples, shipping ring trial samples. - Wylezich Claudia, conceptualization and addition of the virus in the mock community. - Poulsen Casper, preparation of the mock community. The online version of the original article can be found under doi: 10.4081/ijfs.2019.8462

The aims of this study were i) to evaluate the possibility to detect and possibly quantify microorganisms belonging to different domains experimentally spiked in smoked salmon at known concentrations using shotgun metagenomics; ii) to compare the sequencing results using four bioinformatic tools. The salmon was spiked with six species of bacteria, including potential foodborne pathogens, as well as Cryptosporidium parvum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1. After spiking, the salmon was kept refrigerated before DNA extraction, library preparation and sequencing at 7 Gbp in paired ends at 150 bp. The bioinformatic tools named MG-RAST, OneCodex, CosmosID and MgMapper were used for the sequence analysis and the data provided were compared using STAMP. All bacteria spiked in the salmon were identified using all bioinformatic tools. Such tools were also able to assign the higher abundances to the species Propionibacterium freudenreichii spiked at the highest concentration in comparison to the other bacteria. Nevertheless, different abundances were quantified for bacteria spiked in the salmon at the same cell concentration. Cryptosporidium parvum was detected by all bioinformatics tools, while Saccharomyces cerevisiae by MG-RAST only. Finally, the DNA virus was detected by CosmosID and OneCodex only. Overall, the results of this study showed that shotgun metagenomics can be applied to detect microorganisms belonging to different domains in the same food sample. Nevertheless, a direct correlation between cell concentration of each spiked microorganism and number of corresponding reads cannot be established yet.

In the present study, the genetic relationships as well as the virulome and resistome of newly sequenced O26 and O157 Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) isolates, collected from dairy farms in Italy, were investigated in comparison to publicly available genomes collected worldwide. The whole genome of Italian isolates was sequenced on Illumina MiSeq Platform. Reads quality control, de novo draft genome assembly, species confirmation and the 7-loci Multi-Locus Sequence Type assignment were performed using INNUca pipeline. Reference-based SNPs calling was performed on O157 and O26 genomes, separately, mapping contigs to high-quality finished genomes. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants were detected in silico using the tool ABRicate. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that genomes clustered mainly based on their 7-loci MLST type. The virulome of tested genomes included 190 determinants. O157 genomes carried chu genes associated to heme mediated iron uptake, whereas O26 genomes harboured genes ybt associated to siderophore mediated iron uptake. Resistome analysis showed the presence of tet(34) on all but one O157 genomes and on only one O26 genomes. Only 4 genomes carried genes associated to multiresistance. In the present study, the genes chu and ybt were identified as potential biomarker for the differentiation of O157 and O26 serotypes.

The aim of this study was to assess microbiota and microbiological hazards in poultry carcasses from animals reared in conventional (n=15) and antibiotic free (n=15) farms. An aliquot of neck and breast skin was obtained from each individual carcass at the end of the refrigeration tunnel and submitted to DNA extraction. Total DNA was sequenced in the 16S rRNA and reads analysed with MG-RAST to classify the colonising bacteria up to the genus level and compare each taxonomic group in terms of mean relative frequency of abundance in conventional and antibiotic free carcasses. Firmicutes displayed abundances always higher than 38% but did not show statistically significative differences between conventional and antibiotic free carcasses. On the contrary, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were significantly higher in antibiotic free then conventional carcasses (21.57 vs 10.95%; 19.29 vs 12.05%), whereas Proteobacteria were higher in the latter (33.19 vs 19.52%). The genera significantly higher in antibiotic free than conventional carcasses were Chryseobacterium (10.07 vs 1.94%), Rothia (3.08 vs 0.77%) and Micrococcus (1.12 vs 0.16%), while Shewanella was significantly higher in conventional carcasses (1.38 vs 0.26%). Among Firmicutes, the genera significantly higher in conventional carcasses were Ureibacillus (1.45 vs 0.11%) and Bacillus (3.28 vs 0.56%). The higher abundance of Proteobacteria in conventional carcasses might suggest that hygienic conditions in conventional farms are worse than antibiotic free farms. However, from a food safety point of view, Salmonella was not detected in both kinds of carcasses and the Campylobacter mean relative frequency of abundance was always lower than 0.4%.

In the last few years metagenomic and 16S rRNA sequencing have completly changed the microbiological investigations of food products. In this preliminary study, the microbiological profile of chicken carcasses collected from animals fed with different diets were tested by using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. A total of 15 carcasses have been collected at the slaughetrhouse at the end of the refrigeration tunnel from chickens reared for 35 days and fed with a control diet (n=5), a diet supplemented with 1500 FTU/kg of commercial phytase (n=5) and a diet supplemented with 1500 FTU/kg of commercial phytase and 3g/kg of inositol (n=5). Ten grams of neck and breast skin were obtained from each carcass and submited to total DNA extraction by using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen). Sequencing libraries have been prepared by using the Nextera XT DNA Library Preparation Kit (Illumina) and sequenced in a HiScanSQ (Illumina) at 100 bp in paired ends. A number of sequences ranging between 5 and 9 million was obtained for each sample. Sequence analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes represented more than 98% of whole bacterial populations associated to carcass skin in all groups but their abundances were different between groups. Moraxellaceae and other degradative bacteria showed a significantly higher abundance in the control compared to the treated groups. Furthermore, Clostridium perfringens showed a relative frequency of abundance significantly higher in the group fed with phytase and Salmonella enterica in the group fed with phytase plus inositol. The results of this preliminary study showed that metagenome sequencing is suitable to investigate and monitor carcass microbiota in order to detect specific pathogenic and/or degradative populations.

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I contratti di livello non sono lo strumento per trasformare liberi coltivatori in una nuova classe di coloni dipendenti, ma rispecchiano una pluralità di condizioni sociali dei contraenti, dai proprietari, che rimangono tali, ai nullatenenti. Questa nuova lettura suggerisce una più puntuale interpretazione anche degli inventari e polittici dei secoli IX e X, nei quali i libellarii sono poco rappresentati e sono assimilati agli uomini liberi, mentre la maggioranza dei contadini dipendenti è legata a rapporti di lavoro più gravosi e spesso è di condizione servile.

Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen able to survive and grow in different environments including food processing plants where it can persist for month or years. In the present study the discriminatory power of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS)-based analysis (cgMLST) was compared to that of molecular typing methods on 34 L. monocytogenes isolates collected over one year in the same rabbit meat processing plant and belonging to three genotypes (ST14, ST121, ST224). Each genotype included isolates indistinguishable by standard molecular typing methods. The virulence potential of all isolates was assessed by Multi Virulence-Locus Sequence Typing (MVLST) and the investigation of a representative database of virulence determinant genes. The whole genome of each isolate was sequenced on a MiSeq platform. The cgMLST, MVLST, and in silico identification of virulence genes were performed using publicly available tools. Draft genomes included a number of contigs ranging from 13 to 28 and N50 ranging from 456298 to 580604. The coverage ranged from 41 to 187X. The cgMLST showed a significantly superior discriminatory power only in comparison to ribotyping, nevertheless it allows the detection of two singletons belonging to ST14 that were not observed by other molecular methods. All ST14 isolates belonged to VT107, which 7-loci concatenated sequence differs for only 4 nucleotides to VT1 (Epidemic clone III). Analysis of virulence genes showed the presence of a fulllength inlA version in all ST14 isolates and of a mutated version including a premature stop codon (PMSC) associated to attenuated virulence in all ST121 isolates.

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El objetivo de este documento, es presentar resultados de un estudio en curso, comenzando con el análisis de la cortina externa en ladrillos de los muros Aurelianos. Como metodología de estudio, las capas de ladrillos fueron inspeccionadas a través de muestras de sus superficies, seleccionando partes de 1x1m2 dibujados en CAD, utilizando fotos sin distorsión. Dichas muestras, fueron medidas en detalle, para generar análisis de estadísticas cuantitativas de los elementos constituyentes de éstas cortinas, para obtener standars, que pueden describir sus características. En esta primera fase, tratamos de comparar algunas de los más importantes fabricantes de ladrillos imperiales, cada una con características especificas. El muestrario ha cubierto extensivamente los muros aurelianos, concentrándose en los periodos de Aureliano y Honorio. Luego, fueron estudiadas paredes de ladrillos de edificios de época neroniana, frente al valle del Coliseo; subestructuras de las termas de Trajano; sectores de la Domus Tiberiana, en dirección a la falda norte del Palatino.

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According to Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 of 15 November 2005 on microbiological crite-ria for foodstuff , the analytical reference method for the detection of Salmonella in food is ISO 6579:2004. However this long and labor-intensive method is not in line with the short production times of the food industry. In the last years, Real-Time PCR is used more and more by scientists for the relia-ble, fast and specific detection of bacterial pathogens in food. The aim of the present study was to eval-uate the Salmonella detection capability of a validated Real-Time PCR assay on naturally contaminated pork cuts in comparison with the reference method ISO 6579:2004. Three sampling were performed and included 16 pork cut packaging. From each packaging, three aliquots of 10 g each were tested separate-ly by ISO 6579:2004 method and by Real-Time PCR. In particular this molecular method was applied on DNA samples extracted from pre-enrichment broth after 1 and 18 hours of incubation. Within the three sampling periods, Real-Time PCR detected Salmonella in 81%, 100% e 62,5% of pork cut samples respectively, whereas the corresponding percentages of detection of the reference method were 56%, 81% e 62,5% respectively. In conclusion the Real-Time PCR assay used in the present study might be a reliable tool for a fast detection of Salmonella on pork cuts, especially when large number of samples needs to be tested. The reference method might be applied only on positive samples for isolation purpos-es mandatory in epidemiological investigations.