The article reviews the publications in the last two decades on this topic. Indeed, the perspectives and the proposals of a previous study phase have been radically renewed. The field is open to necessary new research, on the condition that old nationalistic schemes are overcome forms. The general historical contexts related to Italy and Greece between the 19th and the 20th century are examined, and the recent publications on archaeology in liberal Italy and during the fascist regime are discussed. The foundation of the Italian School of Archaeology at Athens is considered in the framework of the missions abroad in the Italian archaeology of that period, mentioning the relationships between Italian nationalism and "archaeological philhellenism". The available literature research is spanning the great phases of the history of Italy (Liberal, Fascist, Second World War, Republic) are re-read. The review, which is by no means complete, leads to some temporary conclusions with a critical eye and beyond self-flattery, on the prospect of Italian-Greek archaeological-cultural relations in an equal and post-colonial perspective. Mainly, however, it enhances the value and the knowledge of an Institution and of scholars who have honoured Italian archaeology both in Italy and Greece with activities over the past one hundred years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]