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Objective. Nicotine has major side effects on human health through numerous mechanisms, one of which is the alteration of the immune system and its genetic components. Such alteration can be a predisposing factor for autoimmune diseases such as spondyloarthritis (SpA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This review aims to shed light on the effects of nicotine smoking on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of SpA and RA. Methods. This review looked into the studies, excluding case reports and series, which were cited by PubMed/MEDLINE. Results. Patients with established autoimmune conditions may have a different underlying pathophysiology and disease course when exposed to nicotine through cigarette smoking. Through the involvement of several cytokines, endothelial dysfunction, and epigenetic mechanisms, the severity of SpA is more prominent in smokers. The global health status, pain, and fatigue are worse in SpA patients. The evidence on the effect of nicotine smoking on the treatment of SpA is still limited. Nicotine can contribute to RA via the disruption of cellular regulatory activity, inflammatory responses, morphological, physiological, biochemical, and enzymatic responses. As such, smokers with RA have higher disease activity and are more likely to be seropositive through the citrullination of peptides. In addition, these patients are at risk of achieving a suboptimal response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. Conclusions. Cigarette smoking can substantially affect the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of patients with SpA and RA. The impact of nicotine on the management of these diseases still needs to be further studied.

Objetivo: conhecer as potencialidades no processo de formação profissional para inserção no mercado de trabalho na óptica de egressos de um Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem de Itajubá, Minas Gerais. Metodologia: trata-se de uma abordagem qualitativa, do tipo exploratório, descritivo e transversal, sem adoção de um tipo de amostragem. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na cidade de Itajubá situada no sul do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, e realizada com 30 enfermeiros, com funções na área hospitalar e Saúde Coletiva, utilizando-se um guião de entrevista semiestruturada. O estudo apresenta, portanto, as potencialidades no processo de formação profissional para inserção e atuação no âmbito da atenção primária e atenção secundária à saúde na óptica de egressos de enfermagem. Os dados obtidos foram analisados sobre o referencial da Teoria das Representações Sociais adotando o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo como método de análise. Resultados: emergiram 12 Representações Sociais, entre as quais prevaleceram “Ensino teórico-prático”, “Diversidade dos campos de estágio curricular”, “Instituição de ensino conceituada”, “Ética profissional” e “Cobrança intensa dos docentes”. Conclusões: evidencia-se a necessidade da manutenção e fortalecimento das potencialidades desenvolvidas no processo de formação do profissional enfermeiro. É necessário que as instituições almejem adaptar-se às novas habilidades e competências que o mercado de trabalho exige para atender às reais necessidades da população, satisfazendo, deste modo, as pretensões das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem.

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which students from an American-style Business School in Lebanon expect the managerial behaviors that they are taught in the classroom to actually be applied by managers in the Lebanese workplace. Broadly categorized as accountability, gender equity, religious tolerance, consultation and transparency, the authors found little indication that such expectations existed. Even when they could be identified such as with racial equality, their relative strength was so weak that they were barely above neutral on a 10-point scale. What was perhaps most troubling was that expectation for the elimination of bribery and corruption actually declined as students matriculated through the curriculum. At least for the time being, it appears that Lebanese business students do not anticipate encountering American-style management practices, which have formed the core of the Business courses, when they enter the workforce.

Editorial da revista.

Editorial

This article presents a new distribution of Clifford Klein manifolds. Special kinds of the distribution, under some assumption, are studies. The geometrical properties of the K-manifolds in the considered distribution are given. The relations between Gauss, mean, scalar normal and Lipschitz-Killing curvatures are obtained. The methods adapted here as in [1], [2] and [5].