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The article harks back to the publication entitled “The Motif of the Angel(s) of Death in Islamic Foundational Sources” (VV 38/2 [2020]), which was devoted to the analysis of the eponymous theme in the foundational sources of Islam: the Quran and the sunna of the Prophet Muhammad. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the motif of angel(s) may have been borrowed from two monotheistic traditions that came before. The verification of the thesis that the motif of the angel(s) of death underwent diffusion was carried out in several steps. First, the motif was identified in the textual traditions of Judaism and early Christianity (i.e. sets of texts that were known and, in all likelihood, widespread in the Middle East during the formative period of Islam). As a result of the analysis, most of the themes recognised in the foundational texts of Islam were found. The next step was to identify possible routes of their transmission and percolation into the Islamic tradition and to determine the “ideological demand” for the motif of the angel(s) of death in the burgeoning Islam. Although Jewish and Christian imagery and beliefs about angels are an important (if not the primary) source of influence on Muslim angelology, there was most likely a two-way interaction between the monotheistic traditions, albeit to a limited extent.

The Cardinal and Archbishop of Naples Ascanio Filomarino was one of the main protagonists of the so-called "revolt of Masaniello". Historians have emphasized above all his role of mediator during the first ten and most celebrated days of the revolt, that were characterized by the presence of the pescivendolo at the head of the rebels. The article proposes to show that the Archbishop of Naples was much more than a simple mediator between the warring parties, because he played a key role and openly took position in the course of the revolt. In particular, the attention will be focused on the period between October 1647 and April 1648, when Filomarino had to confront two illustrious characters: Don Juan of Austria, sent from Madrid to the command of the Spanish Armada, and the French noble Henri II of Guise, one of the many leaders who tried to impose themselves as head of the revolt after the death of Masaniello.

El artículo tiene como objetivo presentar algunos elementos de reflexión derivados de un estudio más general, centrado en la conducta política de la aristocracia napolitana durante el siglo XVII. El análisis de las sesiones del Parlamento del reino de Nápoles, convocadas hasta 1642, es una excelente herramienta para investigar cómo actuaron las principales familias del reino durante varias décadas, en particular en momentos de gran incertidumbre: en la sucesión del rey fallecido a su heredero o incluso en la transición del gobierno de un ministro-favorito a otro. La conexión con la lucha política que se desarrollaba en la corte de Madrid y las relaciones entre los aristócratas napolitanos y los virreyes que eran expresión del gobierno del valido del momento son, de hecho, elementos centrales dentro de este tema.

Copyright of Studi Medievali e Moderni (15930947) is the property of Paolo Loffredo Iniziative Editoriali Srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Glosowany wyrok dotyczy uznania przez Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny za prawidłowe przyjęcie przez Wojewódzki Sąd Administracyjny w Warszawie, iż wydanie w dniu (...) lipca 2009 r. decyzji przez Głównego Inspektora Ochrony Danych Osobowych utrzymującej w mocy własną decyzję nakazującą A. Spółka z o.o. z siedzibą w W. - jako wydawcy gazety „D.” - udostępnienie adresów zamieszkania zatrudnionych w niej dziennikarzy, będących autorami artykułów o osobie, która domagała się ujawnienia ww. danych osobowych, w celu pozwania wspomnianych dziennikarzy o ochronę dóbr osobistych, było prawidłowe.

Glosowany wyrok dotyczy przestępstwa znieważenia popełnionego przez oskarżonego A. F., którego Sąd Rejonowy uznał za winnego popełnienia przestępstwa z art. 216 § 2 k.k., tj. znieważenia pokrzywdzonego M. S. poprzez zamieszczenie na stronie internetowej portalu (...) znieważającego komentarza, w treści którego nazwał go „pedałem” i za to wymierzył oskarżonemu karę grzywny w wysokości 50 (pięćdziesiąt) stawek dziennych po 10 (dziesięć) zł każda, a także na podstawie art. 216 § 4 k.k. orzekł nawiązkę na rzecz pokrzywdzonego w wysokości 400 (czterysta) zł. Na podstawie art. 215 k.k. sąd orzekł także podanie wyroku do publicznej wiadomości poprzez umieszczenie go na stronie portalu (...)

This article is an attempt at defining legal and administrative determinants of broadcasting in Poland. The author has undertaken an analysis of the statutory tasks and system of broadcasting companies, including their executive (management boards), supervisory (supervisory boards) and advisory and consultative bodies (programme boards). He also provides details concerning the statutory requirements for the appointment and dismissal of the National Broadcasting Council and its principles of operation and rulemaking, with particular reference to several dozen regulations governing the media market in Poland.

This article attempts at analysing the current and drafted legal regulations concerning court executive officers and execution as well as the civil procedure as regards the court executive officers’ legal status. Allowance is made for their hybrid position in the system: on the one hand, they perform public authorities’ functions; on the other hand, they conduct activities in a self-employed capacity, based on full business risk related e.g. to the high personnel and material costs.

The article is an attempt to analyze criminal liability for exceeding the limits of freedom of expression, for example, the crime of defamation (slander) of insult and defamation of religions. Analysis of individual crimes include: signs indicating the type of criminal act (the object of protection, signs pages of this criminal act, signs of subjective side), the threat of punishment and penal measures and the mode of prosecution.

El enorme poder alcanzado por el letrado Alonso Ramírez de Prado en los primeros ocho años (1598-1606) del reinado de Felipe III fue resultado directodel dominio que su patrón, el duque de Lerma, ejerció sobre la corte y el joven rey. El 26 diciembre de 1606, su repentina detención puso fin a una rutilante carrera política y empezó un proceso, descuidado por mucho tiempo por los historiadores, junto al conde de Villalonga, don Pedro Franqueza. A través del análisis de la documentación oficial relativa a la causa de Ramírez de Prado, el presente trabajo pretende ilustrar las diferentes razones de la acusación y,sobre todo, los argumentos de la defensa, encargada al hijo del acusado, don Lorenzo Ramírez de Prado. El veredicto de culpabilidad emitido al final del proceso parecía anular cualquier argumento de la defensa. Sin embargo, el debate sobre la responsabilidad del soberano con respecto al poder de susfavoritos continuó a lo largo de las décadas siguientes.The huge power achieved by the jurist Alonso Ramírez de Prado in the firsteight years (1598-1606) of the reign of Philip III was a direct result of the supremacy of his patron, the Duke of Lerma, over the whole court and theyoung king. On December 26, 1606, his sudden arrest brought his brilliantcareer in politics to an end and started a trial, overlooked for a long time by historians in favor of the concurrent one against the Earl of Villalonga, PedroFranqueza. Through the analysis of the official documentation about the case of Ramírez de Prado, the article aims to illustrate the many reasons of the prosecution and, above all, the arguments of the defence, entrusted to his son, Lorenzo Ramírez de Prado. The verdict of guilty returned at the end of the process seemed to erase any argument of the defence. However, the debateabout the responsibilities of the sovereign in relation to the power of his favourites was destined to continue in the following decades

The subject of this article is an attempt to analyse the mandatory forms of teaching religion in public schools, guaranteed by the concordat agreements with the Federal Republic of Germany, Austria and Portugal. Analysed concordats set particular standards for the presence of religion in the context of school education and determine the powers of church and state authorities, including the way of teaching, teachers’ qualifications and the position of religion teacher and pedagogical supervision over them.

The subject of this article is an attempt to analyse the religion teaching in the mandatory form guaranteed by concordats from the Third Reich (1933), Bavaria (1924) − amended in 1968 and 1974, Lower Saxony (1965), Sarah (1985), Austria (1962 ) and Portugal (1940). Concordat guarantees protecting the right of the Catholic Church to teach religion in public schools in these countries are expressed primarily in the field of religion education, its time dimension, in preparing their own educational programs, providing religion teachers a rightful position like those teachers of other subjects, and finally in the supervision on the teaching of religion in schools.

This article is an attempt to bring closer to the reader the basic tasks of the spokespersons of the governmental administrative units who implement the information policy of the Prime Minister, the Government and individual Ministers and Governors. The author analysed the legal and ethical norms that constitute a spokesman duties, and also pointed the risks that are associated with this duties.

El enorme poder alcanzado por el letrado Alonso Ramírez de Prado en los primeros ocho años (1598-1606) del reinado de Felipe III fue resultado directo del dominio que su patrón, el duque de Lerma, ejerció sobre la corte y el joven rey. El 26 diciembre de 1606, su repentina detención puso fin a una rutilante carrera política y empezó un proceso, descuidado por mucho tiempo por los historiadores, junto al conde de Villalonga, don Pedro Franqueza. A través del análisis de la documentación oficial relativa a la causa de Ramírez de Prado, el presente trabajo pretende ilustrar las diferentes razones de la acusación y, sobre todo, los argumentos de la defensa, encargada al hijo del acusado, don Lorenzo Ramírez de Prado. El veredicto de culpabilidad emitido al final del proceso parecía anular cualquier argumento de la defensa. Sin embargo, el debate sobre la responsabilidad del soberano con respecto al poder de sus favoritos continuó a lo largo de las décadas siguientes.PALABRAS CLAVE: Valimiento, Felipe III, Duque de Lerma, Visita, Alonso Ramírez de Prado, Lorenzo Ramírez de Prado, siglo XVII.THE FAULTS OF THE KING AND HIS FAVOURITE. THE TRIAL AGAINST ALONSO RAMÍREZ DE PRADO (1607-1608) The huge power achieved by the jurist Alonso Ramírez de Prado in the first eight years (1598-1606) of the reign of Philip III was a direct result of the supremacy of his patron, the Duke of Lerma, over the whole court and the young king. On December 26, 1606, his sudden arrest brought his brilliant career in politics to an end and started a trial, overlooked for a long time by historians in favor of the concurrent one against the Earl of Villalonga, Pedro Franqueza. Through the analysis of the official documentation about the case of Ramírez de Prado, the article aims to illustrate the many reasons of the prosecution and, above all, the arguments of the defence, entrusted to his son, Lorenzo Ramírez de Prado. The verdict of guilty returned at the end of the process seemed to erase any argument of the defence. However, the debate about the responsibilities of the sovereign in relation to the power of his favourites was destined to continue in the following decades.KEY WORDS: Favouritism, Philip III, Duke of Lerma, Visita, Alonso Ramírez de Prado, Lorenzo Ramírez de Prado, 17th century.

At the beginning of the article the inalienable and inborn dignity was discussed, which is an expression of natural law and it is primitive source of all other rights. Then, an analysis, of human rights based on the natural law and the rights of the citizen, which have its origin in the constitutional norms, was done.

In the evolution of the political and intellectual debate on nepotism and anti-nepotism, the pontificate of Innocent XI Odescalchi represented a milestone. Drawing on Roberto Fiorentini’s book on Prince Livio Odescalchi, Mrozek Eliszezynski focuses on the new elements and contradictions of Innocent XI’s government and on the public and private path of his heir, who was deprived by his uncle of the possibility of becoming «cardinal nephew». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the political struggle in the evolution of the history of the European continent including spanish historiography, monarchy and series of collective works and monographs. Topics include monopolized distribution of the royal patronage, bureaucratic and administrative procedure.

Copyright of Librosdelacorte.es is the property of Instituto Universitario "La Corte en Europa" - IULCE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The cardinal and archbishop of Naples Ascanio Filomarino was one of the most controversial protagonists of the so-called revolt of Masaniello. His ambiguous conduct attracted the allegations of the Spanish authorities, who identified him as the only major rebel leader who had not been punished for his crimes. Engaged in the difficult task of rebuilding an under populated and impoverished kingdom, the Viceroy Count of Oñate vigorously pursued the goal of obtaining the removal of Filomarino from Naples, but clashed with the opposition of the papal diplomacy and more pressing questions of international policy. Through the reconstruction of the clashes between Oñate and Filomarino and the complex negotiations that were conducted between Rome, Naples and Madrid, the article aims at reconstructing the climate of restoration imposed by the Spaniards after the revolt, pointing out in particular that the debate on the uprising and its protagonists did not end on April 6,1648, but continued for many years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the figure of Don Luis de Haro, minister-favorite of the King of Spain, Philip IV of Habsburg. Through the analysis of two recent books dedicated to this figure, the author aims to highlight the specific aspects of Haro's government compared to those of the most famous validos of Iberian history, namely the Duke of Lerma and the Count-Duke of Olivares. The central question is therefore whether Don Luis de Haro can be considered a valido to all effects, as were Lerma and Olivares, or rather if he was a favorite and adviser to the King with less extensive and more specific skills and tasks. This could be the result of the Philip IV's will, but also due to the changed political and cultural context in which the Habsburg monarchy found itself operating after the end of the Thirty Years' War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avtor komentira fragmentiran nagrobnik, ki so ga postavili svojci Kvintu Veturiju Sokratu (ime, ki v napisu ni ohranjeno, je Dessauova konjektura), ki so ga ostijski avgustali sklenili počastiti med drugim tudi s kipom. Mož je, zadovoljen s počastitvijo, namenil njihovi blagajni 50 000 sestercev s klavzulo, da vsako leto na njegov rojstni dan porabijo 100 sestercev od obresti za okrasitev kipa, ostanek razdelijo med tiste avgustale, ki se bodo zbrali. Ob posvetitvi kipa so mestni svetniki dobili po 3, avgustali pa po 5 denarjev. Tekst spada v leto 238/239. V primerjavi z analognimi napisi iz 2. in 3. stoletja ugotavlja avtor, da vsota 50 000 sestercev ni visoka in ni govora, da bi pričala o inflaciji. Ta je sicer bila nesporna, vendar ne v taki meri, da bi vznemirjala prebivalce Ostije (in drugih mest). Na to kaže tudi dejstvo, da v napisu ni nobene klavzule, ki bi predvidevala padanje kupne moči denarja. Avtor poskuša izračunati tudi višino obrestne mere, ki v napisu ni označena. Na osnovi verjetnostnega računa in s primerjanjem analognih določil ter znanih poprečnih obrestnih mer ugotavlja, da je najverjetnejša 6 %. V indirektno potrditev teze, da je bila vrednost denarja do sredine 3. stoletja kolikor toliko stabilna, je avtor dokaznemu gradivu, ki ga je zbral že v drugem delu (glej op. 18), dodal seznam relevantnih določil na nagrobnikih po letu 239 (med 240 in 256)

The article presents the author's views on the works of Italian cardinal Ascanio Filomarino and the uprising between 1653-1658. Various topics discussed include his works in the Italian government between 1653-1655, edicts of archbishop, his participation in the revolt in Naples, Italy and uprising of protagonists over there.