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The different conceptions of apperception elaborated by Brod and Kafka are compared by pointing out that Brod focuses on the intellectual or conceptual interpretation of the concept and Kafka on the aesthetical one since it seems to be the major difference between the two. This also involves the modern conception of the new and the traditional one of the differences between form and content. Relating Kafka’s notes on aesthetics to his first and contemporary tale, Description of a Battle, it becomes clear that there is no self-consciousness, identity, liberty, or experience of the world. Apperception, for Kafka, is an aesthetic movement, and the new depends on the relationship between the artwork and its fruition. This makes the new of an artwork the consequence of a dynamic relationship linked to imagination and reflection more than of rational thought. This also means that totality in a work of art is necessary but impossible to obtain. For Kafka the difference between self-consciousness and the world has been eliminated. Thus, the new becomes the return of the same; in the modern world, the chock and the chock is perception. This is also the moment of redemption in Kafka’s writings, the moment in which the content musically transcends the form. It’s a total suspension of time, the redemption, and it appears in Kafka only in the form of a gesture, which has been lost by the world. A gesture, a name, the totality of experience, the redemption – this may be possible only by acting in a way that forces the angels to work.

Potato cultivation is of paramount importance for South Tyrol and represents especially for the agriculture in Pusteria valley an important source of income. The ‘Pustertaler Saatbau’cooperative stores and sells the majority of seed and regular potatoes grown in the province. The cooperative offers a selection of 25 different potato cultivars, carefully harvested and optimally stored until spring. Recently, premature germination has been observed on certain lots, possibly due to excessive nitrogen fertilisation. Therefore, a four-year trial (2016-2019) was carried out in collaboration with the Laimburg Research Centre to investigate the influence of different nitrogen (N) treatments on the storability of six different potato cultivars. In addition, two different methods for early prediction of excess use of N-fertilisation on potato lots were tested. Although in some years the over-fertilised potato cultivars were characterised by higher germination intensity during storage, our results showed that germination intensity is more likely to be influenced by a combination of factors, such as cultivar susceptibility, seasonality, weather and fertilisation. The potato cultivar selection, tailor-made cultivation practices and knowledge of their storability potential, enable the optimal marketing of this important source of income without facing unpleasant losses.

Orchard groundcover management along the tree rows plays a central role in intensive apple cultivation. The maintenance of the tree strip is indispensable for an economically successful farm management. The aim of groundcover management is primarily to keep competition for water and nutrients between the fruit trees and the spontaneous vegetation as low as possible. For this purpose, the use of chemical herbicides has become generally established in conventional fruit growing over the last decades. Due to the more and more critical perception of the use of herbicides by the public, the use of mechanical methods for weed control is receiving increased attention. In the present trial, the use of some mechanical devices for weed control was compared with conventional herbicide application, with particular regard to the growth and yield of apple trees, but also to labour requirement. The study was conducted over several years on apple orchards of different varieties, both in young and in productive orchards. The results show no significant yield differences between the weed control methods in the productive orchards, while in the young orchards the herbicide applications partly resulted in better tree growth and higher yield. However, all the mechanical methods required a significantly higher labour input than chemical weed control.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(1), 89-92 | European Forum Highlight of 24 May 2023 | (Abstract) Law and jurisprudence are language-bound. If law is to be further developed, new legal figures and normative concepts have to established which leads to some kind of competition for the most adequate outcomes. Competitively, all the actors who establish and enforce law, struggle to establish their respective concepts in the political as well as legal discourse, and they do so by creating new terminology. This is exemplified by the European constitutional debate. The concept of a full constitution, familiar from state law, cannot be transferred by simple analogy to constitutional models beyond the state. In order to be adapted to the supra-national legal sphere, the regulative idea of the constitution requires function-specific adaptations or modifications. The corresponding variant-rich attempts at modification or adaptation are also reflected in the formation of terminology. The concept of multi-level constitutionalism is particularly effective. German European legal scholarship has further contributed the concepts of the "Staatenverbund," the "Verfassungsverbund," and the "Verfassungsgemeinschaft." The difficulties encountered in translating these concepts are indicative of both the necessity and the limitations of a common European legal discourse.

Sister Maria do Céu, one of the most outstanding Portuguese writers of the Baroque period, left behind a voluminous bilingual œuvre which circulated in Portugal, but throughout the eighteenth century three anthologies also got published in Madrid. In this essay I will focus on the underlying translation power relations at various levels: (1) the Iberian networks that have led to the translations of Sister Maria do Céu’s works; (2) the paratexts written by the translators and censors which contain interesting clues on translation, linguistic prestige, and the status quo of women; (3) the literary and linguistic patterns used by the translators.

Mit dem wechselnden Fokus von der Input- zur Outcomeorientierung und von der Schul- zur Unterrichtsqualität rückt die Aufgabenqualität in den Forschungsfokus. Damit der in den Lehrplänen anvisierte kumulative Kompetenzaufbau der Lernenden unterstützt werden kann, gewinnen aufeinander aufbauende Aufgaben an Bedeutung. Der in dieser Studie vorgestellte Lernprozessmodellansatz unterscheidet dazu fünf Aufgabentypen zur Konfrontation, Erarbeitung, Übung, Synthese und zum Transfer beim Lernen. Inwiefern sich diese Typen in Aufgabensets tatsächlich empirisch unterscheiden, wird in dieser Studie untersucht. Dazu werden 58 MINT-Aufgaben mittels Clusteranalysen zur Eruierung der Aufgabentypen in Gruppen eingeteilt. Die Befunde der Studie zeigen, dass eine Typisierung grundsätzlich möglich ist.

In this article, we examined implicit register marking through metaphor and metonymy. Specifically, we intended to analyse the ways in which metaphor and metonymy are used to mark register properties in selected text types. As an empirical basis for this investigation, we annotated a corpus of six text types that exhibit diversity along a number of important register properties (e.g., persuasivity, literality/orality, or hierarchical vs. equal relations between interlocutors). Our results show a strong dependence of metaphor and metonymy on persuasivity, whereas no such dependence was found with respect to literality and orality. Instead, we found a new register property, viz., length restriction, to be strongly correlated with metonymy. Previous results on a correlation between metonymy and interlocutor equality were also confirmed. La marcatura implicita del registro in tedesco attraverso la metafora e la metonimia In questo articolo esaminiamo la marcatura implicita del registro attraverso la metafora e la metonimia. In particolare, vogliamo analizzare i modi in cui la metafora e la metonimia vengono utilizzate per marcare le proprietà di registro in alcuni tipi di testo. Come base empirica per questa indagine, abbiamo annotato un corpus di sei tipi di testo che presentano diversità lungo una serie di importanti proprietà di registro (ad esempio, persuasività, letteralità/oralità o relazioni gerarchiche o paritarie tra interlocutori). I nostri risultati mostrano una forte dipendenza della metafora e della metonimia dalla persuasività, mentre non è stata riscontrata una simile dipendenza rispetto alla letteralità e all'oralità. Abbiamo invece riscontrato una nuova proprietà del registro, ossia la restrizione della lunghezza, fortemente correlata alla metonimia. Sono stati confermati anche i risultati precedenti sulla correlazione tra metonimia e uguaglianza degli interlocutori.

Smoke taint in grapes and wine is complicated. If a vineyard is exposed to smoke, there are a whole range of factors that determine whether or not the wine eventually made from those grapes will be smoke-affected and to what degree. While many of those factors are now quite well understood (Coulter, 2022; Parker et al., 2023), questions still remain about what consumers think. Do they notice smoke characters in wine? Do they like or dislike them? How strong do smoke characters need to be to cause a reaction in consumers? And are all consumers the same when it comes to smoky wines? Three recent consumer sensory studies at the AWRI aimed to learn more about the answers to these questions. This article presents a summary of the results and conclusions of this work. Full details were recently published by Bilogrevic et al. (2023) as an open access article in the peer-reviewed journal, OENO One (https://doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2023.57.2.7261).

Assessing vine water status is crucial to optimising cultural practices, including irrigation strategies, to guarantee environmentally and economically sustainable viticulture in a context of increasing water shortages and global warming. Vine water status can be assessed indirectly, via soil-based or atmospheric-based methods, or directly via plant-based methods. This brief review aims to provide an up-to-date perspective on findings in the literature comparing plant-based methods. Scientific advances regarding hydraulic regulation in vines are outlined and applied to discuss the strengths and limitations of direct methods for assessing vine water status, particularly in the context of drought and/or high vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Finally, the methods are compared according to operational criteria that should help in choosing a tool to assess the vine water status for day-to-day decision making, especially in irrigation.

Der DFG-geförderte Fachinformationsdienst Romanistik (FID) wird von der SUB Hamburg und der ULB Bonn betrieben und bietet laufend weiterentwickelte Services für die Bereitstellung und Recherche von Literatur für die Forschung sowie ein reichhaltiges fachspezifisches Online-Informationsangebot. Der Beitrag illustriert, wie der FID mit seinen Teilprojekten Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM) und Open-Access-Publizieren (OA) sowie mit den neuen Kommunikationskanälen eine transdisziplinäre digitale Romanistik unterstützt. Zunächst wird argumentiert, dass FDM nach den FAIR-Prinzipien Transdisziplinarität immer schon mitdenkt. Nach einer Vorstellung der entsprechenden Unterstützungsangebote des FID wird auf die Bedeutung einer konsistenten Metadatenvergabe eingegangen und eine breitere fachinterne Diskussion zu diesem Thema angeregt. Als nächstes wird das Informationsangebot des FID zum Thema OA vorgestellt sowie ein Ausblick auf das gerade eingerichtete Repositorium für romanistische OA-Publikationen geboten, das als zentrale Anlaufstelle für frei zugängliche fachspezifische Erst- und Zweitveröffentlichungen konzipiert ist. Abschließend werden mit dem Romanistik-Blog und dem Twitter-Kanal des FID zwei Angebote präsentiert, die neben der Information über aktuelle Entwicklungen in relevanten Bereichen auch die Vernetzung innerhalb und außerhalb der Fachcommunity unterstützen.

Junge Menschen aus sozial benachteiligten Familien mit oder ohne Migrationshintergrund werden mit ungleichen Bildungsgelegenheiten auf dem Weg in die tertiäre Bildung konfrontiert. Diese Studie analysiert Hindernisse, die aus Bildungsnachteilen resultieren können, und Ressourcen, die zu Bildungserfolg führen können. Die Studie basiert auf der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse von Interviews mit Bildungsaufsteigern und -aufsteigerinnen aus benachteiligten Milieus. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass gute Beziehungen und soziale Unterstützung durch Eltern, Lehrpersonen sowie Mitschülerinnen und Mitschüler die Chance auf einen Bildungsaufstieg sowohl von einheimischen als auch von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund aus benachteiligten Milieus wesentlich begünstigen.

Monitoring is a fundamental step when non-native species are invading new areas. The brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål) has by now been introduced into several countries worldwide. Its highly polyphagous behavior, paired with a relatively high reproduction rate under favorable conditions, makes it an important pest of several agricultural crops. In South Tyrol (Northern Italy), one of the largest contiguous apple-growing regions in Europe, first adults had been reported in March 2016. Active monitoring techniques combined by a citizen science approach made it possible to follow up the spread and settlement of stable populations of H. halys in South Tyrol. Since its first detection, H. halys showed a rapid expansion of colonized area and an increase in population densities from year to year. Established populations coincide mostly with the main apple growing area, namely the Etsch Valley from Meran to Salurn, mainly occupying lower altitudes between 200 and 500 m a.s.l. In apple orchards, H. halys showed generally a continuous presence throughout the growing season from April to October, with population peaks in the late season. On the other hand, populations dynamics and densities of adults and nymphs differ between years and surveyed sites. The application of pheromone-baited traps is a good tool for an area-wide monitoring approach in order to get information on its spreading and to draw a general picture of the population dynamics at a larger scale. On the other hand, an area-wide approach has to be interpreted cautiously, as real population densities might be underestimated and do not depict the real situation for singular orchards.

Home confinement, also known as house arrest or home detention, first appeared in the United States in the 1970s as a form of pretrial release issued after a defendant's indictment. Today, this alternative sentencing scheme possesses several additional purposes. Home confinement is imposable as a form of supervised release from incarceration and as a term of parole. More importantly, it has evolved into a condition of probation and an autonomous criminal sanction that serves in a capacity independent of probation. This article aims to show that although historically spurred in large part by the practical deficiencies of the American prison system (namely its overcrowding and excessive costs), the study of home confinement actuation promulgates a broader understanding of its effectiveness in the promotion of rehabilitation and the prevention of recidivism. Psychological and fiscal aspects will be analyzed with domestic and international (New Zealand) considerations. Concurrently, this paper draws attention to the margin of judicial discretion afforded in shaping individual home confinement implementations, and discusses its advantages and related concerns

For the traditionally small-scaled Swiss agriculture, large economies of scale exist in dairy farming. Farm expansion is typically linked to a barn investment, but the opportunities for expanding the necessary acreage are limited. To enable an investing farm to expand its acreage, neighboring farms must shrink or phase out. Hence, the question arises how neighboring farms affect investing farms. To address this farm management question, we used a set of Farm Accountancy Data Network data and government data on subsidized projects. We combined this dataset with agricultural census data to assess the concentration of agricultural land as well as the number of subsidized investments within the municipality of an investing farm. By means of random-effects models for agricultural income per family working unit on the one side and herd size change on the other, we found two effects of neighborhood effects. A high number of subsidized projects and a high concentration of land (Gini coefficient) limited the growth in herd size due to scarcity of available land. At the same time, neighborhood positively influenced the management, leading to a higher agricultural income per family working unit. The results illustrate that an extension of the Farm Accountancy Data Network data, which in itself is extensive, can further help to address specific research questions.

Schüler*innen mit externalisierenden Verhaltensproblemen im inklusiven Unterricht stellen ihre Lehrkräfte und Mitschüler*innen vor große Herausforderungen. Damit Lehrkräfte diesen Herausforderungen adaptiv begegnen können, benötigen sie umfassendes und spezifisches pädagogisches Wissen. Bislang existiert jedoch kein spezifisches Testinstrument zur standardisierten Erfassung. Im Beitrag präsentieren wir daher die Konstruktion und psychometrische Güte eines Tests zur Erfassung des pädagogischen Wissens zu inklusivem Unterricht mit Fokus auf emotionale und soziale Entwicklung (General Pedagogical Knowledge for Inclusive Teaching focusing Social and Emotional Learning, GPK-IT-SEL). Auf Basis einer Stichprobe von n = 355 Lehrkräften aus Grundschulen analysieren wir die Reliabilität und Kriteriumsvalidität des Instruments. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Test eine reliable Messung erlaubt. Erwartungsgemäß verfügen Förderschullehrkräfte über umfangreicheres Wissen als Regelschullehrkräfte, was auf die Kriteriumsvalidität des Instruments hinweist.

L’article analitza el règim jurídic del document municipal de veïnatge creat a finals de l’any 2017 per l’Ajuntament de Barcelona amb la voluntat de protegir els veïns i veïnes de nacionalitat estrangera en situació irregular de possibles expulsions i detencions en el centre d’internament d’estrangers. Partint del context de les ciutats santuari que des de fa anys estan sorgint als Estats Units i del repàs de les polítiques desenvolupades tradicionalment per l’Ajuntament de Barcelona en l’àmbit de la immigració, es descriu la creació del document i s’aborda l’estudi dels diferents elements del seu règim jurídic: el fonament competencial del document, els requisits dels sol·licitants, la tramitació del procediment, els criteris d’emissió del document i els seus efectes jurídics i eficàcia. La conclusió principal d’aquesta anàlisi és que el document de veïnatge constitueix una mesura de protecció de les persones estrangeres en situació irregular més simbòlica que real i que el seu impacte previsible és més polític que jurídic.

Lehrpersonen können den Übergang in die berufliche Grundbildung von Jugendlichen im Rahmen von unterrichtsinternen Aktivitäten, unterrichtsexternen Aktivitäten und Coaching unterstützen. Ein Analysemodell wurde anhand einer Längsschnittstichprobe mit 1171 Jugendlichen überprüft (Befragung im 9. Schuljahr und im ersten Jahr der beruflichen Grundbildung). Ergebnisse von Strukturgleichungsmodellen zeigen, dass unterrichtsinterne Aktivitäten die berufliche Selbstwirksamkeit vor dem Übergang, das Vorwissen über den Lehrbetrieb und indirekt die berufliche Selbstwirksamkeit nach dem Übergang vorhersagen. Die Daten liefern Hinweise zu einem empirisch gestützten Modell der schulischen Unterstützung beim Übergang in die berufliche Grundbildung.

Nach Darlegungen, dass keine verfassungsmässige Bundeskompetenz zum Erlass des Gesetzes in Bezug auf das BWIS besteht und wesentliche Begriffe im ergänzten BWIS mit der BV und der EMRK nicht übereinstimmen, wird nun gezeigt, dass verfahrensrechtlich ein Durcheinander besteht und unverzichtbare Verfahrensvorschriften fehlen, was beides zu unhaltbaren rechtlichen Konsequenzen führt. Schliessich wird belegt, dass die festgelegten Massnahmen einen terroristischen Anschlag nicht zu verhindern vermögen, was der Zweck der Novelle ist. -- Après avoir démontré que la Confédération ne dispose pas de la compétence constitutionnelle nécessaire pour mettre en œuvre les mesures de police et de sécurité édictées dans la LMSI, et que certains termes essentiels de la loi modifiée ne sont conformes ni à la Cst. ni à la CEDH, l’auteur explique qu’une certaine confusion subsiste encore sur le plan procédural. De plus, plusieurs dispositions indispensables font défaut entraînant ainsi des conséquences juridiques insoutenables. En outre, l’auteur soutient que ces mesures ne permettent pas de prévenir efficacement une attaque terroriste, ce qui constitue pourtant le but principal de la LMSI.

In einem ersten Beitrag wurde festgestellt, dass dem Bund für den Erlass der BWIS-Novelle im Rahmen des PMT-Gesetzes die verfassungsmässige Gesetzgebungskompetenz fehlt. In diesem Beitrag wird dargelegt, dass die Umschreibung «terroristische Aktivität» und damit «terroristischer Gefährder» nach Art. 23e BWIS in Bezug auf die Normbestimmtheit weder der Bundesverfassung noch der EMRK entspricht und mit anderen völkerrechtlichen Definitionen ebenso wenig übereinstimmt. Die Rechtsstaatlichkeitsanforderungen für grundrechtsbeschränkende Eingriffe werden nicht erfüllt. -- Dans une première contribution il a été constaté que la compétence législative constitutionnelle échappe à la Confédération pour promulguer la modification de la LMSI dans le cadre de la loi sur le MPT. Il sera démontré ci-après que les définitions de « l’activité terroriste » et celle de « terroriste potentiel » selon l’art. 23e LMSI ne correspondent ni à la définition de la Constitution fédérale ni à celle de la CEDH et qu’elles ne sont pas davantage conformes aux autres définitions du droit international. Les exigences relatives à l’État de droit, nécessaires pour autoriser les interventions qui restreignent les droits fondamentaux, ne sont pas remplies.

Für das vom Eidgenössischen Parlament am 25. September 2020 beschlossene Gesetz zur präventiven Terrorismusbekämpfung fehlt dem Bund die verfassungsmässige Kompetenz. Keine der vom Bund angeführten Begründungen seiner Zuständigkeit halten einer Prüfung stand. Der Erlass polizeigesetzlicher Bestimmungen zur Verhütung von Straftaten durch operationelle Realakte als Eingriffe in die Bewegungsfreiheit liegt in der Verantwortung der Kantone. Dies gilt auch im Bereich der präventiven Terrorismusbekämpfung als Teil des Staatsschutzes. Dieser an sich unbefriedigende Rechtszustand lässt sich nur durch eine Änderung der Bundesverfassung beheben. In einem folgenden Beitrag werden die polizeilichen Massnahmen zur Bekämpfung von Terrorismus (PMT) in Bezug auf ihre Verfassungs- und EMRK-Konformität sowie ihre Wirksamkeit beurteilt.

"The architecture of Markus Wespi, Jérôme de Meuron and Luca Romeo generally seeks a close connection to its surroundings and the local building culture; the architects look for clues in the existing culture and tradition. They are interested in the combination of traditional and modern elements, which together form a new unity and push the historical development forward. In their projects, they seek to achieve a certain timelessness; the combination of traditional materials with new elements creates a natural self-evidence that integrates the familiar and the new, thus being able to continue to develop and survive in the future. In mountainous and sloping locations, buildings have an enormous impact on the landscape and should therefore be integrated carefully with it in both form and materials, rather than simply benefitting from it thanks to large viewing windows. We like the concept of a new building which seems to have been there for a long time, whose natural materials have developed a patina which makes them even more beautiful. We are particularly fascinated by its atmosphere, light and shadow."

The working group of apple and pear variety and rootstocks testing within the EUFRIN network (European Fruit Research Institutes Network) has been conducting pollination trials annually using a standardized method. Since 2002, the institutes Agroscope (Switzerland), Esteburg Obstbauzentrum Jork (Germany) and Pcfruit (Belgium) have been exchanging their results with the Laimburg Research Centre (Italy). A comparison of all data makes it possible to define “suitable” and “unsuitable” pollen donors for new apple varieties such as MC 38 Crimson Snow®, Nicoter Kanzi®, Scifresh Jazz® or Scilate Envy®. Pollination success is determined by evaluating the fruit set, while the number of seeds provides information about the quality of pollination. An overlapping blooming period is fundamental for optimal pollination under natural conditions, therefore the respective flowering times are integrated in the pollination chart.

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Lexis and semantics are under-researched fields both in contemporary and historical sociolinguistics. This paper focuses on intra-speaker variation in texts written by unroutined writers of the 19th century and examines different types of variation in the areas of lexis and semantics. Our data are taken from a new corpus of historical patients’ documents (see http://copadocs.de), which is currently being compiled as part of our research project “Flexible Writers in Language History”. In order to analyse lexical-semantic variation, we combine a number of different methods. An onomasiological approach is used to explore one writer’s linguistic repertoire and use of terms for women, while a structural approach allows us to compare functionally equivalent structures, such as routine formulae and expressions of a writer’s origo (e.g. I, here, now). Finally, we examine the use of emotional lexis in texts by writers diagnosed with melancholia, which is found to be more frequent as compared to a control group. Our findings provide evidence for considerable intra-speaker variation in lower-class writing. In addition, the emphasis on lexis is shown to have particular value for the investigation of patients’ texts, as this approach provides insights into the stylistic repertoires of historical writers which would otherwise remain hidden.

The princely graves in the Hartnermichelkogel 1 and 2, Pommerkogel and Kröllkogel tumuli form a burial ground separate from the rest of the Early Hallstatt necropolis located below the hillfort at Burgstallkogel near Kleinklein. They are the largest and most richly furnished tumuli of the Eastern Hallstatt culture, which spread across Austrian and Slovenian Styria, in north-eastern Croatia and western Pannonia. The contribution presents the chronological succession of the tumuli, their construction, furnishings and grave goods. It provides an outline of the funerary ritual of the elite buried there in the span of a century and a half, and defines the social status of the deceased as that of kings rather than chieftains.

This article describes an experimental and multidisciplinary project with the goal to provide an ecological alternative to the existing winter tourism in alpine regions. The project emerged from the fusion of new snowmaking technology, based on the principle of natural snowflake evolution and the spatial conception of wooden Cloud structures, which are placed in the local environments in a sense of functional land-art.

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Anhand eines Vergleichs der beiden autobiographisch grundierten Texte Retour à Reims (Didier Eribon) und En finir avec Eddy Bellegueule (Édouard Louis) sowie durch Gegenüberstellung von darin konstruierten Figurenkonstellationen, Körperbildern und ‚Sprachpolitiken‘ wird anhand der Frage nach der Konstruktion des jeweiligen Blicks auf das Herkunftsmilieu der Erzählerfiguren – eine industrielle bzw. postindustrielle proletarische französische Unterschicht als ‚Parallelgesellschaft‘(?) – die problematische Pauschalisierungstendenz von Mischformen literarischen und soziologischen Schreibens diskutiert.

The essay explores the concept of interpretation in Freudian psychoanalysis as an act of reading. Freud understands the appearance of dreams and unconscious phantasies in analogy to the structure of perceptual images. On the one hand, he conceives of the patients’ verbal accounts of those images as a specific kind of ekphrasis. On the other hand, the images themselves are regarded as distorted versions of an underlying »dream text« rendering the fundamental desire that the images express and conceal at the same time. The essay shows that the complex system of translations between different layers of text and image in Freud is based on the assumption that the dream images themselves can be analyzed as texts only mimicking the »natural« appearance of perceptions. Freud’s notion of the »rebus« is central to this discussion. The final part examines Freud’s reading of Michelangelo’s Moses statue in the church San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome. It demonstrates how the Freudian method of interpretation itself reduces the sculpture to a set of signs, making it perform a mimicry of textual systems.

For South Tyrol, annexation by Italy after World War I resulted in significant changes: the Fascist regime attempted to Italianize the territory and its people using various measures. One of them was the obligation of young men to fulfil military service in the Italian army. Thus, for example, Andrä Ralser served in Sicily and was afterward – in 1935 – drafted to fight in the Italo-Abyssinian War. During this period, he kept a war diary. This source provides some insight into the way in which Ralser dealt with his identity at this particular time. This analysis is preceded by a methodological reflection on the manner in which experienced events are conveyed into a diary in general, suggesting that the writer’s biography has to be reconstructed in advance. Finally, an investigation into Ralser’s identity shows its dynamic, relative, and hybrid character and how – depending on the context – the diarist felt related to different groups such as South Tyroleans, Bersaglieri, Catholics and Europeans. The article analyses the entangled relationships between these linguistic, territorial, military and religious indicators of identification in a colonial context: when and under which circumstances did the diarist experience (or not experience) moments of group identity?

The present paper discusses the aspectual class of ‘semelfactives’, which comprises expressions that introduce eventualities with inherent boundaries, often a very short duration, but no lexically defined change of state, e.g., ‘flash’ and ‘cough’. After reviewing previous analyses of semelfactives (including their integration into an overall system of aspectual classification), an analysis of semelfactives that treats them as denoting singleton (rather than iterated) eventualities will be defended. As a challenge for this analysis of semelfactives, semantic construction of semelfactives with frequency adverbials will be presented and analysed in terms of a coercion operator.

Eine hohe Passungswahrnehmung zwischen dem Entwicklungsstand von Jugendlichen und ihrer Ausbildungsumwelt gilt nicht nur als Kriterium eines erfolgreichen Übergangs in die Berufslehre, sondern auch als Bedingung für Arbeitszufriedenheit und Produktivität im Betrieb. Auf der Grundlage des Forschungsprojekts Familie- Schule-Beruf (FASE B) wird (1) in der Perspektive der Kompetenzentwicklung die Passungswahrnehmung durch schulische und soziale Kompetenzen in der Primarschule vorhergesagt. (2) In der Perspektive des Arbeitsplatzes wird die Passungswahrnehmung durch betriebliche Determinanten erklärt. Die schrittweisen Regressionsanalysen der Längsschnittdaten zeigten, dass mit dem Arbeitsplatzansatz mehr Varianz aufgeklärt werden konnte als mit dem Ansatz der Kompetenzentwicklung. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass hohe Konfliktlösekompetenzen von Jugendlichen zu einer günstigen Arbeitsplatzgestaltung beitragen, welche die Entwicklung der Passungswahrnehmung positiv beeinflusst.

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This article gives an overview of the very early collections of Māori artefacts in Berlin. These encompass the collections assembled by Johann Reinhold and Georg Forster and others on the famous voyages of James Cook to the South Seas at the end of the eighteenth century, but also objects collected by the North American captain Hadlock at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Later a wide range of German visitors reported from their tours through New Zealand and brought back artefacts and photographs. This paper points out the provenances of the core areas of the Māori collection in Berlin and retraces some shifts in the collecting practices as well as in the museum installations. It will be shown how the perception and evaluation of these objects changed and how they became symbols of identity in the course of the nineteenth and twentieth century.

When Hans Scharoun, Walter Gropius, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe presented their emblematic works of architecture at major programmatic exhibitions in Breslau (1929), Paris (1930) and Berlin (1931), they chose single-person homes and apartments to represent them. This type of structure was conceived specifically to accommodate the lifestyle of a modern nomad, unattached to one single location, material possessions, familial or national bonds, a person attuned to his time. As will be highlighted in this article, this new type of architecture and design reflected a number of contemporary social theoretical positions on the human condition in the twentieth century.

Pour les auteurs de la modernité littéraire, la Méditerranée est au centre d’une réflexion sur la conscience européenne au moment où celle-ci connaît une crise radicale sous l’effet des modernisations forcenées, du colonialisme et des guerres de la première moitié du XXe siècle. Cependant, la Méditerranée qu’ils décrivent ne figure plus comme civilisation modèle, ou du moins pas sans réserve, et ils n’en font pas non plus le centre d’une société planétaire globale. Ils dressent en effet une dernière fois l’inventaire culturel de la Méditerranée et se détachent, chacun à sa manière, de la conception normative d’un classicisme et d’un humanisme dont le Sud serait seul détenteur. Néanmoins, si la modernité littéraire remet radicalement en question l’héritage méditerranéen et réorganise la géographie culturelle de la Méditerranée, la relation au Sud constitue toujours un des éléments déterminants pour penser l’Europe. Le présent article conceptualise cette relation comme une confrontation avec un centre vide.