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Following the results of the European elections in May 2019, the newly elected President of the European Commission, Ursula Von der Leyen, started her mandate issuing six political guidelines to set the work ahead for the European institutions during her five years mandate between 2019 and 2024. These political guidelines, focused on six headline ambitions, were inspired by the European Council’s strategic agenda and her discussions with the parliament’s political groups. A new push for European Democracy, her 6th priority, was mainly meant to give Europeans a stronger role in decision-making process and a more active role in setting political priorities, to offer the European Union and its Member States a joint approach to tackle fake news and disinformation, and to strengthen the Commission partnership with the European Parliament. [...]

The main objective of this article is to investigate the multilevel approach promoted and adopted by the European Union as a response to the fake news phenomenon. On the one hand, the multilevel approach rests on the integration of different territorial levels (local, national and international). On the other hand, it adopts a multi-actor strategy aiming at the hybridisation of competences and increasingly consolidated network strategies, thus trying to overcome the main limitations and inefficiencies of fact-checking and debunking practices. This article, besides reconstructing from a longitudinal perspective the main stages of development and actions linked to the multilevel strategy, analyses its concrete operationalization within the fact-checking network of the European Digital Media Observatory (EDMO), a certified community of actors created in 2021, which counts 94 debunking projects spread across the various countries of the Union. Each project was analyzed with respect to 12 variables, which can be traced back to three dimensions, respectively: multi-territorial, multi-actor, and fact-checking practices. From the analysis, the following results emerge: regarding the multi-territoriality dimension, the EDMO network includes and integrates different territorial levels, but remains predominantly focused on the national dimension. Considering the multi-actor dimension, the research highlights that at the macro level the nature of the projects belonging to the network is varied, with an imbalance towards the private sector. Looking at the level of the individual actors (the micro level) involved, there is a low integration of professionalism and still a residual involvement of civil society. Finally, concerning the fact-checking practices the analysis reveals an excessive lack of homogeneity at the methodological level, highlighting the need to develop a common methodology at the European level. Keywords Disinformation, Fact-checking, Debunking, European Union, Multilevel approach, EDMO

Recent studies have shown the possible negative effects of children’s early exposure to digital content with particular reference to screen time. In fact, excessive use of Digital Media (DM) can have important repercussions on development, learning and the quality of family life. In addition, Internet-connected devices represent the key to accessing digital subculture, the content of which can have a negative impact on children’s psychological and physical development. Given the impact of DM and in particular of “digital subculture” on children, pre-adolescents and adolescents, we propose to broaden the concept of health by including not only the biological, psychological and social dimensions but also the digital dimension and thus the relationship with digital devices. In this work, we introduce the concept of “Digital Health” (DH), which refers to the well-being of all individuals, in particular of subjects of developmental age, exposed to digital devices, and we provide paediatricians with a new health procedure, called “Evaluation of Digital Health” (EDH). The EDH, aimed at assessing the digital habits, screen time and digital content viewed by the child, is carried out during periodic check-ups. In fact, we believe that paediatricians have a fundamental role in the protection of all-round health, including DH. The EDH would enable paediatricians, who follow growth from birth to adolescence, to prevent and/or promptly pick up on the signs of any risky digital behaviour displayed by parents and their children. From this perspective, the paediatrician may lead to the manifestation of appropriate digital behaviours, thus representing the first DH promotion service and fostering the development of digital awareness in the family.

The frame of risk and protection factors in relation to the social and educational adaptation of unaccompanied foreign minors is very complex. This qualitative Systematic Review aims to analyze the most recent scientific research on psychological, educational and social variables that can contribute to adaptation, in order to outline the factors on which to work in order to structure intervention strategies as well as to structure life projects in line with the evidence. The literature search conducted identified 11 empirical studies. The results highlighted specific risk and protection factors, contextual (e.g. role of peers, teachers and parents) and individual (e.g. mental health, coping strategies, resilience) related to the adaptation of unaccompanied foreign minors. In addition to discussing the practical implications of the studies in line with development models, the methodological limitations found in the studies are also highlighted and future perspectives indicated.

«A map with no figure and our woman in the middle» miraculously escaped the fire that had devastated the school-house of the master Lombardino da Ripetrosa in Forlì on the night between 4 and 5 February 1428. That night – as we are told by the painter and fifteenth-century chronicler Giovanni di Mastro Pedrino from Forlì, pseudonym of Giovanni Merlini – the master’s house burned down entirely, so that «non ne romaxe altro che le mura e una carta con alcuna figura e nostra Donna in mezzo. E perché parve grande miracolo fo tolta dai calonixe de Santa Croxe con reve(re)nçia: e questa fa assa(e) miraculi». We will illustrate the engravings by Floriano Dal Buono for the decorations that in 1637 accompanied Bezzi’s account on the procession of 1636 for the translation of the woodcut with the Madonna del Fuoco into the new chapel of the Forlì cathedral and we will propose Giovanni Battista Aleotti as a possible identification for their designer.

In recent years, design has turned its attention towards the Circular Economy where material issues are central. More and more companies and designers are turning their research towards ‘circular materials’ from the recycling of ‘technical materials’ or created from an organic base of processing/production or consumption waste and reintegrated into the biological cycle. The paper, focused on ‘bio-based circular materials’, presents the first phase of a research in progress, with the aim of mapping and systematising the strategies used for the conception, development, design, production and distribution of new materials and related products.

Three new breeding sites of the Pallid swift Apus pallidus between 700 and 1300 m a.s.l. in Abruzzo (Italy), the first known for the central Apennines, are described.

Jacopo Sansovino, born Jacopo Tatti known as Sansovino (Florence, July 2, 1486 – Venice, November 27, 1570), was a Tuscan architect and sculptor active for a long time in several locations, where he has always been worthy of positions of great responsibility. On this occasion I will focus on the commission for the statue of Hercules requested from him in 1550 by Duke Ercole II d’Este through his ambassador to Venice, Girolamo Faruffini. The giant in Istrian stone will reach Brescello, the «nova Cittade Erculea», its definitive seat, in 1553. So far, the model for the head of Hercules is unpublished, and in a private collection, on this occasion he presents and confronts himself with the sculpture created.

During the nineteenth century, the Middle Ages were chosen by the Romantic western imagination as an occasion for cultural reflection, identity, a functional moment to the development of the arts. Both Igino Benvenuto Supino as investigator in the documents of the history of the city, and Alfonso Rubbiani as a dreamer, creator of a Middle Ages more evocative than true, turned to these centuries.

This paper presents a research on geometric, symbolic and formal hybridizations between the different cultures of the Mediterranean. In particular, it focuses on some religious architecture in this area, the geographical centre of a wide cultural universe. In this area there is a synthesis between different visions and spiritual aspirations.The studies on the religious and cosmological symbolism of René Guenon, Mircea Eliade, Renzo Manetti and others, highlight recurring geometric and symbolic elements: the square and the cube are expression of the substantiality of the earth; the circle and the sphere symbolize the celestial transcendence; the octagon denotes mediation and relationship between immanent and transcendent. Later, they will be joined by the symbol, par excellence, of Christianity: the cross. These geometric shapes will be the foundation of religious architecture which, between Islam and Christianity, expressed a common spiritual aspiration, in different and often syncretic ways.The research develops in various steps:Identification and classification according to chronological and morphological characteristics and in relation to the prevailing architectural influences.Survey with instrumental (laser scanner) and photogrammetric (terrestrial and drone shooting) methods.Insights and analysis that highlight geometric matrices and spatial conformations, for the development of a formal and symbolic vocabulary of Mediterranean architectural hybridizations.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.25.2020.10

In Italian schools, some students benefit from the teaching of the Catholic religion, others choose not to use it. Among the latter, many – natives or immigrants – profess different religions. Others – natives or immigrants – declare themselves non-religious. Italian legislation provides for the creation of alternative school activities for them. This article will start from an examination of the epistemological models that regulate the teaching of religion in public schools in the European Union and, within this framework, the Italian model will be analysed as well as the reflection that has developed on the subject. This panorama will then be questioned from the concrete multicultural context in which we live, in order to propose a theoretical framework within which to reflect on alternative activities to the teaching of the Catholic religion. In order to do so, we will adopt an intercultural perspective focused on inclusion and dialogue between differences, in an attempt to recover educational objectives similar to those of the teaching of the Catholic religion.

The research, which began in 2012 and is still ongoing, concerns six small towns that overlook the Ionian coast of eastern Sicily. The centres, homogeneous and coeval, share the same architectural language and are in a critical condition due to natural phenomena: floods and landslides; and socio-economic conditions: depopulation, lack of productive resources. The geographical location and the modest dimensions have made the small hill towns of the Ionian area practically invisible within the new media. The objectives of this research, in line with some actions foreseen in the National Strategy for Internal Areas, are: to stimulate the creation of a strong cultural identity in resident citizenship and to hypothesise communication strategies which are useful for the enhancement of cultural resources. The methodology applied to the Casalvecchio case-study is based on a few key points: finding cognitive data: direct and instrumental surveys, representation; m orphological and typological analysis useful for the creation of tools for safeguarding; design communication and valorisation strategies. The expected results are, first of all, an increased awareness of cultural identity and a real interchange between neighbouring realities. Secondly, the elaboration of basic data to safeguard the architectural heritage. Finally, the dissemination of data obtained through communication strategies which could strengthen the positive reputation of these places and increase sustainable tourism. Casalvecchio Siculo: strategie per la valorizzazione La ricerca, iniziata nel 2012 e ancora in itinere, ha per oggetto sei piccole città che si affacciano sulla costa ionica della Sicilia orientale. I centri, omogenei e coevi, condividono lo stesso linguaggio architettonico e sono in condizioni critiche a causa di fenomeni naturali, alluvioni e frane, e socio-economici: spopolamento, assenza di risorse produttive. La collocazione geografica e le modeste dimensioni hanno reso le piccole città collinari della fascia ionica praticamente invisibili all’interno dei nuovi media. Gli obiettivi di questa ricerca, in linea con alcune azioni previste nella Strategia Nazionale per le Aree Interne, sono: stimolare la creazione di una forte identità culturale nella cittadinanza residente e ipotizzare strategie comunicative utili alla valorizzazione delle risorse culturali. La metodologia applicata sul caso studio di Casalvecchio si basa su alcuni punti chiave: reperimento di dati conoscitivi: rilevi diretti e strumentali, rappresentazione; analisi morfo-tipologiche utili alla realizzazione di strumenti per la salvaguardia;Ideazione di una strategia per la comunicazione e per la valorizzazione. I risultati attesi sono in primo luogo un’accresciuta consapevolezza dell’identità culturale e un reale interscambio fra realtà limitrofe. In secondo luogo l’elaborazione di dati di base per la salvaguardia del patrimonio architettonico. In fine la diffusione dei dati ottenuti attraverso le strategie comunicative potrebbe rafforzare la reputazione positiva dei luoghi e incrementare un turismo sostenibile.

Il lavoro da remoto ha fatto un’improvvisa e prepotente irruzione nella vita di moltissimi lavoratori in seguito alla pandemia dilagata in Italia e nel mondo a partire dai primi mesi del 2020. L’utilizzo dello “smart working” emergenziale ha dato luogo a ciò che è stato definito “un esperimento di massa senza precedenti” che ha colpito il cuore dell’organizzazione del lavoro. Rapidità e immediatezza dell’introduzione delle modalità di lavoro da casa sono state imposte a seguito di uno shock esogeno – la pandemia – e delle conseguenti misure di distanziamento sociale. Nella generale sospensione dell’ordinario che la pandemia ha prodotto, anche i consueti meccanismi di regolazione e di negoziazione nell’ambito del lavoro sono stati interrotti e sostituiti da decisioni rapide e sottratte a reali processi di discussione e dibattito. In questo articolo intendiamo dar conto, da un lato, della modalità e dei tempi con cui le trasformazioni organizzative sono state assorbite dalle organizzazioni e dai lavoratori; dall’altro delle reazioni dei lavoratori alle comunicazioni trasmesse dalle imprese circa le necessità e le modalità di riorganizzazione che la pandemia ha così repentinamente imposto.

Interpersonal trust is a key element in the development and maintenance of positive social interactions and it has been positively associated with life satisfaction (Putnam, 2000). Specifically, it is a promoting factor of physical health and psychosocial functioning during infant and adolescence (Rotenberg, 2010). In spite of the importance of trust in everyday life, there is no consensus about its definition and, in turn, about its assessment. Moreover, the role of trust in an online setting is still unknown. It may be important to explore it, since nowadays adolescents spend more and more time on the Internet, an environment where many social relationships take place. Thus, online trust could be identified as an element that can guarantee the success of these interactions (Stratford, 2000). Starting from the theoretical perspective of Falcone and Castelfranchi (2001), who defined trust as complex and dynamic construct, the present pilot study aims to investigate adolescents’ online/offline trust and its influence on life satisfaction. In particular, we operationalized trust as theorized by the above-mentioned authors and based on two essential mental ingredients, which are the goals and beliefs about the trustor and trustee and the trustee’s behaviour. In addition, we took into account both offline and online social interactions. The research, carried out within a middle school in the province of Naples (Italy), involved 108 adolescents, aged between 11 and 14. The data were collected through an ad hoc questionnaire. In particular, trust in online and offline interactions was measured through a 5-point Likert scale composed of 30 items; life satisfaction was investigated through the Brief Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (BMSLSS; Huebner et al., 2004). Factorial analysis demonstrates that online and offline trust are distinct dimensions (24% and 18% of explained variance respectively). In addition, only offline trust is positively related to adolescents’ life satisfaction in different life domains (e.g. family, school and peer). In the overall, the results suggest the importance of distinguishing offline and online trust, and of exploring their relationships with adjustment indicators in order to understand how to promote adolescents’ wellbeing.

In line with the refugee agency recommendations (UNHCR, 2010) the present research recruited citizens in the general population with the aim of understanding whether positive media messages may foster acceptance towards refugee immigrants. The study has specifically considered the case of unaccompanied refugee minors verifying if and how specific affective and cognitive dimensions implicated in individual moral functioning were related to empathic or hostile emotions experienced while watching a documentary realized by refugee minors in a hosting centre in Italy. In addition, the relationship between different emotional responses and attitudes toward immigrations were examined. Fifty student were invited to complete pre-assessment questionnaire containing measures on empathic tendencies (e.g. perspective taking, Davis, 1990) personal values (self-enhancement values, Schwartz, 1992) and moral regulation (e.g. moral efficacy; Bandura, 1991). Then, voluntary participants were invited to watch the documentary film produced in the a European Project. After the presentation of the film, the students have to indicate their current emotional states and attitude toward immigration as spectators. Overall, the results showed that self-transcendence values, empathic concern and moral self-efficacy were positively related to sympathy, and negatively related to hostile emotions. Differently, moral disengagement was positively related to negative affect. Moreover, the presence of empathic affect during the film was associated with positive attitudes toward immigrations; on the contrary, the presence of hostile emotions was strongly related to negative attitudes toward hosting. Overall, results suggest the importance of considering citizens’ moral sensitivity, motivation and moral regulative capabilities together audio-visual contents to better understand people’s emotions in relation to immigration and hosting.

Sustainability and resilience are relevant concepts in design and management of transport infrastructures. Sustainability refers to concept of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their ones. Resilience is linked to the occurrence of extreme events during the life cycle of infrastructures and it is a measure of the ability of recovery the previous functionality. Traditionally, the two concepts are applied separately even if they present a significant number of similar characteristics. The better solutions in transport infrastructures design, maintenance and rehabilitation should lead to an improvement of both qualities. This paper presents an integrated approach sustainability-resilience as a useful tool in the decision-making process where different alternatives of rehabilitation after an extreme event are considered. Sustainability and resilience are estimated based on LCCA. The integrated perspective allows addressing an appropriate amount of technical, economic and environmental issues and is an useful tool for the identification of the most efficient solution.

The aim of this contribution is to examine the gender inequalities issues, particularly those of women, within the political communication field and leadership processes. Despite several recommendations to reduce the gender gap, women continue to be under-represented in all sectors of society. The question tackles several aspects as the real political opportunities for women to access into public careers and their difficulty of being correctly represented in a still strong masculine culture. The starting point is the imbalance of power into public and political fields and the difficult to affirm gender opportunities in a communicative space where digitalization processes are accentuating inequalities. Along with resistance linked to the dominant political culture, the media system is also responsible for this imbalance. On the one hand, it reproduces cultural models that penalize gender representations, on the other hand, it not intervenes enough to contrast his internal structural imbalance. In addition, the action of gender-related political movements is showing effectiveness in changing the policy making. The broad literature confirms that the problems are not new, but the current political and social situation and the great transformation that has taken place in the field of political communication obliges us to review the theoretical and empirical background.

Most studies focusing on Rock Sparrow populations concern their breeding biology. With this study, we aim to investigate the wintering habitat and social behaviour outside the breeding period. In the study area the species is present all year long, and, outside the breeding period, birds frequently gather together on flocks of different size (3-150 individuals), which are larger in the coldest months. The habitat types most used by the species were cereal fields with crops in their first stage of development (17.71% ± 4.72 Standard Deviation) and arable stubbles, both of them with bushes and trees on their boundaries (82.4%), which likely provide shelters from predators. The bird species most frequently associated with Rock Sparrow flocks were Tree Sparrow, Starling and Crested Lark. Holes in the roof tiles of the same abandoned buildings used for breeding were also used as night shelters. The average hours of leaving and returning to the shelters was strictly related to the photoperiod (rs = -0.9405; 0.8810).

The surveys of this research are related to six small cities which are sprawl along the oriental slopes of the Peloritani Mountains, between Messina and Taormina. Casalvecchio is the last centre which was surveyed, the others were Mandanici, Forza d’Agrò, Alì, Fiumedinisi and Itala. The centres were surveyed integrally with the help of innovative (laser scanner and drone) and traditional methods (over 180 participants worked with hand measurements on the sites). The obtained documentation is the base for future analyses and studies. The research indeed could have many objectives. The first one is related to the elaboration of a specific protocol for the urban surveys with the more innovative survey technics. With Casalvecchio, in particular, the results of the laser scanner survey (made at ground level) will be confronted with the photogrammetric surveys (based on aerial photos). The second goal regards the analysis of the urban space thorough the lenses of typology, style, history or environment. For example, regarding Itala, an App able to join the gaming and the territory knowledge has been hypothesized. Furthermore the possibility to increase the awareness of the site with multimedia tools, able to involve not only the tangible aspects of urban space but also those which involve the fruition and the emotions, has been tried. For example, the methods for using the public space have been visualized through a continuous video-shooting of one of the main Alì sites.

Si pubblica qui, in una versione rielaborata dall'autrice, il testo dell'intervento proposto il 18 aprile 2018 in occasione del seminario in memoria di Claudia Giontella. Le riproduzioni di pitture etrusche che si dispiegano sulle pareti del salone destinato alle antichità etrusche del Museo Civico Archeologico di Bologna, già oggetto di precedenti articolati studi, vengono riconsiderate sia in relazione alle precedenti simili esperienze museografiche sia a seguito di una revisione della documentazione d'archivio e di una rilettura approfondita della variegata opera pittorica dell'artista bolognese Luigi Busi, loro artefice. Da ciò derivano alcuni interessanti spunti rispetto alla contestualizzazione e alle finalità museografiche, nonchè alle modalità di progettazione e realizzazione del ciclo pittorico. Here is published the speech, reviewed by the author, presented on the 18th of April 2018 at the seminar in honor of Claudia Giontella. The Etruscan paintings reproductions spread over the walls of the vast hall dedicated to the Etruscan antiquities in the Archaeological Museum of Bologna, already widely analysed, are reconsidered both in relation to previous similar museographic experiences and following a revision of the archival documentation and a thorough re-reading of the variegated work of the Bolognese painter Luigi Busi, their maker. Some interesting ideas about museographic purposes and contextualization, as well as methods of planning and realization of the pictorial cycle are presented.

Igino Benvenuto Supino belongs to the small group of art historians and scientists which realized, in the end of XIX century, that the photography (understood as workshop, opportunity to a personal examination) might be able to help the knowledge about artistic heritage and contribute to the growth of Art History, a newbirth subject, and involvement related in research, educational and renovation. Supino made full use of new technique for impression of images both photographing in person and directing of Bargello, and making numerous publications, and using it as visual aid during the teaching of Art History in University of Bologna in 1907.

Supino used in his researches and related publications both photographies commissioned by himself, and amateur photographies and professional images searched into photographic studios catalogues.He considered the catalogues as important source of knowledge and essential cultural map alongside guides and travelling stories, a way to spread and enhance the italian heritage as well as specific and convenient tool for any orders.In the photographic archive belonged to him, there are especially albumins on a paper rigid support to prevent crumple up. The subjects are commissioned by John Henry parker in Rome from 1864 to 1877, the photographers Carlo Baldassarre Simelli, Filippo Lais, Giovanni Battista Colamedici, Francesco Sidoli involvement is due to him for documenting the archeological and medieval dimension of Rome.

Pietro Lamo, in his Graticola di Bologna, moving throught the city, emphasises the artistic outcome, the product and the geographic culture of the author, and the customer. Pietro Lamo, pictor and writer, member of the Council of the Artists Society (where he is documented until april 15, 1574), died at the end of that month and on the first of May, was buried in the Cloister of the Dead of San Francesco: the Gothic church where he had worked and whose architecture and art he valued. Graticola di Bologna was left unfinished. Remains the cultural heritage's splendor that Lamo remind us: a chest full of treasures and creative energies.

This study started in 2012 with the relief of the village of Mandanici located on the Straits of Messina, on the slopes of the eastern Peloritani, now includes the reliefs of: Forza D’Agrò 2013; Alì 2014; Fiumedinisi 2015 and Itala 2017. The villages were analysed in their entirety by evaluating the correlations between architecture, urban space and landscape. The research goals are many. The first is to test a survey protocol for a whole urban centre and provide complete documentation. The second concerns the analysis of these centres from a typological, formal, decorative and structural point of view. The third point is the definition of micro urban areas with specific risk factors related to soil morphology, abandonment of buildings, dimensional and structural typology of individual buildings. In the end, the goal is to transcend all research, to increase the awareness of the architectural and landscape value of these places in the inhabitants, first custodians and keepers of these places, and in occasional users.

Background: Due to its high incidence, evaluating performance of care delivered to breast cancer patients is a crucial issue. The multidisciplinary panel E.Pic.A. (Economic Appropriateness of an Integrated Care Pathway) defined a set of key performance indicators (KPIs) to evaluate economic waste in breast cancer healthcare interventions. Methods: The E.Pic.A. panel identified the principal KPIs that are crucial within the breast cancer care pathway to evaluate the performance of care. KPIs were defined taking into account their reliability, validity, usability and feasibility of measurement through the linkage between multiple routine healthcare data sources. Results: Seven KPIs were identified: three on instrumental diagnostics, two on surgery and two on treatment. The three KPIs regarding instrumental diagnostics are aimed at assessing the inappropriateness of diagnostic tests performed before and after the index surgery. The two KPIs regarding surgery measure the inappropriateness of possible repeated interventions considering the time elapsed from the index surgery. The two KPIs regarding oncologic therapy measure the inappropriateness about the administration time of adjuvant therapy and radiotherapy considering the time elapsed from the index surgery. Conclusion: E.Pic.A methodology could help to evaluate economic waste in healthcare interventions with the objective of redirecting resources to interventions with greater value. (HTA & Market Access)

O presente artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar a participação fundamental do corpo na ética de Schopenhauer. Tomando-se como ponto de partida o mundo como representação, o corpo é a objetidade da Vontade, seu modo mais imediato de se manifestar no mundo. Mas, por outro lado, analisando-se o mundo na perspectiva da Vontade, o corpo é a própria Vontade, experienciada e vivida por meio dos próprios motivos que regem esse objeto desejante. Ao postular a Vontade, una e imperecível, como fundo último da realidade, como faz Schopenhauer, não há como desconsiderar o corpo e o sofrimento humano. E isso não é sem consequências para a ética. Segundo o filósofo, a mesma não reside em boas intenções e nem na busca de algum bem espiritual ou transcendente, mas existe concretamente nas ações efetivas dos indivíduos, que se dirigem aos outros indivíduos, percebidos antes de tudo, como corpos padecentes.

Starting from the debate between the Europeanization of the public sphere, the last electoral campaign was a good observation point to measure the level of integration of European public debate. There are fields of interests where Europe is able to define itself as the chief leader of the discourses and the states absorb and react. For example, we see this when discussing Euroscepticism. On the contrary, when looking at other topics, for instance, the campaign of the European leaders and gender imbalance, Europe tries to influence the discourses, but the countries are not affected. These two points of view are more evident during the electoral campaign, when the domestic and European interests trigger a common public debate. Starting from a content analysis research, carried out on five European newspapers (Le Monde, The Guardian, El País, La Stampa and Süddeutsche Zeitung), we looked at the electorate coverage and we measured the visibility of the electoral topics and the actors involved in the 2014 EU campaign elections. The main result is that there are signs of Europeanisation when looking at national debates, however, the dominant approach is still national oriented.

In the early nineteenth century, the member of Sampieri family, burdened with debts, made a double sale of their paintings collection. Francesco Giovanni Maria Sampieri (1790-1863), son of Luigi Sampieri (1758-1797), enthusiastic and amateur composer and therefore member of Phillharmonic Academy in 1807, sold six paintings to Italian goverment for «326.522,50 italian lire».The artworks were trasferred by Andrea Appiani in 15 January in the following year, to the gallery of Brera Accademy, in Milan, which they were intendend. Francesco Rosaspina and Felice Giani oversaw in Bologna the packaging of the paintings on canvas of Carracci, Reni, Guercino and the Albani’s copper. The six paintings were already excluded from the previous Stima delli sottonotati quadri esistenti nella famosa Galleria Sampieri di Bologna of the 31 October 1810.The Stima record 129 paintings, less than 140 ones recorded in the previous inventories, and they are valued 120.900 italian lire. They will be sold to prince Eugenio Napoleone for only 27.777,50 lire.The frescoes from Carracci remain above the chimney vanishing and vaulted ceilings in the Bologna’s palace, remains the amazing Guercino’s Ercole fights with Anteo too. Guercino shows us a representation almost tangible of Ercole’s effort to victory on the Giant, summoning the ancient sculpture sublime.As we have seen, the mobile artworks are no longer in Bologna. The city lost, togheter with others collections, its «Superbissimo - So much superb- museum» from Sampieri family «a Gallery, not called worthy of private Knight, but of a Prince, or indeed, a King»

Scopo del presente studio è stato quello di valutare se, e in che misura, in bambini di scuola elementare, differenti modalità di distribuzione temporale delle sedute di allenamento siano in grado di incidere significativamente sull’apprendimento di un nuovo compito motorio. All’esperimento hanno preso parte quasi 1.000 bambini, di età compresa tra i 6 e i 10 anni, frequentanti le Scuole Elementari. I bambini venivano avviati all’apprendimento di un compito di coordinamento oculomanuale, del tutto nuovo per loro, utilizzando differenti modalità di distribuzione della pratica (concentrata o distribuita). I bambini sono stati suddivisi in tre gruppi (A, B e C) e ogni gruppo era suddiviso in 5 sottogruppi, da ricondurre alle cinque classi delle scuole di primo grado. L’allenamento prevedeva 120 lanci complessivi da effettuarsi in una settimana, così distribuiti: il gruppo A svolgeva un allenamento distribuito in 6 giorni consecutivi; b) il gruppo B, svolgeva un allenamento distribuito in 3 giorni alternati (lunedì, mercoledì, venerdì), il gruppo C, svolgeva un allenamento distribuito in 3 giorni consecutivi (per es., lunedì, martedì, mercoledì). Sette giorni dopo la fine del periodo di acquisizione ogni gruppo ripeteva una sessione di 20 lanci, suddivisi in blocchi da 10 con 5 minuti di recupero. Si è osservato come, in termini di miglioramento, l’apprendimento di un compito, svolto utilizzando la pratica concentrata appare meno vantaggioso rispetto a quello eseguito con pratica distribuita. Tuttavia, quello che viene appreso con la pratica concentrata sembra durare di più rispetto a ciò che viene appreso con la pratica distribuita. Si è visto, inoltre, che la velocità di apprendimento nei maschi è maggiore rispetto alle femmine.

The Archaeological Museum of Bologna has tested the application of digital technologies on some objects within the project "D12", aimed to connect 3D documentation with polychromy data. An Etruscan stela from Bologna, called "Ducati 12”, gives its name to the project. 3D scanning tests made on some Etruscan artifacts within the project prove that nowadays archaeological and artistic material can be investigated through a low-cost, time-saving and reliable approach. Several 3D virtual data digital technologies were tested and after the postprocessing treatment some real applications on 3D data were realized. Multispectral and chemichal investigations were carried out on the objects. The results achieved allow to undertake an effective research project for the reconstruction of the polychromy in Etruscan age.

È possibile individuare nuove interpretazioni del ricamo per la moda, mettendo provvisoriamente fra parentesi quelle estetiche? È basandosi su questa argomentazione, che l’autrice mette in luce il virtuosismo tecnico (virtuosity) che caratterizza il mestiere del ricamatore artigianale e le sue diverse forme di manualità. Tale virtuosismo è emerso, progressivamente, attraverso l’analisi etnografica delle sequenze in cui si articola la catena operativa di un ricamo per la moda. Con la nascita del prȇt-à-porter di lusso degli stilisti, il ricamo si è trasformato sempre più in decorazione, spostando l’accento sui materiali e sui colori, più che sulle tecniche di esecuzione. Ciò ha richiesto e richiede tuttora al ricamatore un notevole investimento nella ricerca innovativa. L’approccio in termini di tecniche non esclude le relazioni sociali. Il ricamatore deve sapersi abilmente muovere fra due principali reti di relazioni: quelle determinanti, con gli stilisti, che sono i suoi principali clienti, e quelle indispensabili con i fornitori.

In questi ultimi anni, direttori e consulenti di importanti agenzie di marketing italiane, in un volume che vuole “essere quasi una indagine antropologica” (Lanzone Morace 2010, p. 9) hanno previsto che, nel XXI secolo, avverrà un ritorno alla bottega artigianale, auspicando che dallo spirito creativo che la caratterizza emergano nuove strategie per rilanciare la produzione del made in Italy. Sulla scia di tali previsioni e auspici si osserva un pullulare di convegni, incontri, tavole rotonde e altre iniziative sul tema dell’artigianato.

The cultural heritage is also enviromental heritage, natural and historical. It is important for knowledge, fruition, management, valorization, development and edycation. The richness of the Italian heritage is vulnerable for the lack of knowledge, for the human carelessness, for the dishonesty and the greed of politicians. Approaches and strategies for the restoration of architecture, from the ancient to the modern and contemporary, for environmental sustainability, are important. It takes to recognize and stands out the importance of the cultural heritage (cultural memories and social practices) for the economy and the resilience.

We can not hide that the traditional monograph about an artist with his catalouge seems at times like an editorial product, with a little retro taste; certainly it's useful to the market of art and pubblishing that finds in the catalouge combining the biograph and the essay, a convenient tool for an evaluative check, a support for an economic evaluation about artists, a delightful thing shown in the living room.Increasly the historical and artistic research is receptive to a space-time expanded approach and to a methodological converging of various critacal interpretations. Is the visual limit imposing by the analysis about an individual exponent still compatible with the research of historical truth?Particularly when the monograph is related to an exhibition being its catalouge, the limits of the mongraph are usally evident. This is not the case of the exhibition named Dentro Caravaggio in Milano's Palazzo Reale, curated by Rossella Vodret with an illustrious scientific Comittee chaired by Keith Christiansen.

Il racconto breve Láncszemek del prolifico scrittore Frigyes Karinthy (Ungheria, 1887 - 1938) ha una notorietà anche internazionale in quanto documenta gli inizi dell’elaborazione della teoria sui sei gradi di separazione. Viene presentata al lettore una nuova traduzione corredata di note.

Antibiotic use in food-producing animals has considerable impact on public health, especially with respect to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. Pigs represent one of the main species in which antibiotics are frequently used for different purposes. Surveillance of antibiotic consumption and dose appropriateness, through novel approaches based on defined daily doses, is strongly needed to assess farms’ antibiotic risk, in terms of spread of antibiotic resistance and possibile presence of residues in meat. In this study, antibiotic consumption was monitored in 14 swine reproduction farms, together with managerial, structural, and health aspects. Most of the controlled farms (65%) were classified as at medium antibiotic risk, 21% at high antibiotic risk, and 14% at low antibiotic risk. Critical aspects of antibiotic administration concerned treatments for suckling and weaner piglets, oral antibiotic administration, treatment and diagnosis of gastroenteric infections, and use of critically important antimicrobials for human medicine, especially colistin. These aspects could be considered critical aspects of antibiotic use in from-farrow-to-wean/finish swine farms in the Umbria region and must be controlled to minimize risks. Even though a small number of farms in Umbria region are at high antibiotic risk, the risk of antibiotic resistance should be minimized, and management and biosecurity of the farms should be improved by extending the use of antimicrobial susceptibility tests and optimizing the diagnostic methods for infectious diseases. Furthermore, farmers’ and veterinarians’ knowledge of antibiotic resistance should be improved and the prudent use of antibiotics encouraged to prevent the development and spread of resistant microorganisms.

LaMMA Consortium, with collaboration of Regione Toscana and Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali (MiBAC), has realized the web Geographical Information System for Cultural Heritage and Landscape of Regione Toscana. This system gives today the possibility to access the digital maps and the digital archives of archaeological, architectural and landscape related restrictions over the entire region (counts today over 18.000 measures).

The aim of this study was to assess the relation between the experience of being alone and identity processes analysing the mediation role of adolescents’ age and gender. The Ego Identity Process Questionnaire – EIPQ (Balistrieri, Busch-Rossnagel, & Geisinger, 1995) and the Louvain Loneliness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents – LLCA (Marcoen, Goossens, & Caes, 1987) were administered to 181 high school adolescents and 141 university students, classed as late adolescents. Data revealed that, both in the interpersonal and ideological domains, exploration was positively related both with affinity for aloneness and with peer and parent-related loneliness, while in the interpersonal domains commitment was negatively related to these dimensions. Moreover, exploration was associated with a positive attitude to being alone, but not with peer-related loneliness in older individuals. Results supported the hypothesis proposed by Buchholz (1997), who defined “alonetime”, or the time spent in solitude, as an opportunity for exploration.

Introduzione. L'incannulamento di un accesso vascolare per emodialisi rappresenta una procedura poco discussa in ambito scientifico. L'U.O. di Nefrologia e Dialisi dell'Ospedale di San Gavino negli ultimi anni ha volutamente messo in atto una procedura di salvaguardia degli accessi vascolari, istruendo e formando tutto il personale che ci lavora e i pazienti che vi dializzano periodicamente. Per raggiungere l'obiettivo di salvaguardia della sopravvivenza degli accessi vascolari, nel 2009, è stata data particolare attenzione alla tecnica di venipuntura detta “buttonhole technique”, che Twardowsky suggeriva per quelle fistole artero-venose (FAV) difficili da pungere. Esperienza dell'U.O. di Nefrologia e Dialisi di San Gavino. Dalla nostra esperienza è risultato che 35 pazienti su 40 pensano che la metodica sia soddisfacente, così come 11 infermieri su 16 che la applicano. La riduzione del dolore all'ago infissione e del tempo di emostasi dopo la rimozione degli aghi fistola è riportata su 34 pazienti. Gli episodi infettivi da stafilococco epidermidis sono stati riportati in 6 pazienti (3 casi di sepsi e 3 casi di infezione localizzata al sito costante). Non sono stati riportati casi di dilatazione aneurismatica o stenosi e trombosi della fistola artero-venosa, nel gruppo di pazienti in metodica buttonhole. Sono stati formati per la metodica buttonhole 6 pazienti, i quali, attualmente, si autopungono e gestiscono autonomamente la propria seduta emodialitica. Conclusioni. Noi pensiamo che la metodica buttonhole abbia prolungato la sopravvivenza della fistola artero-venosa durante questi 4 anni di esperienza personale; abbiamo osservato che la procedura buttonhole deve essere approvata, accettata e strettamente seguita dall'intero staff del Centro Dialisi. Questa metodica ha permesso ai pazienti una gestione autonoma dell'autopuntura e del trattamento emodialitico. Nessuna complicanza infettiva è stata riportata in quest'ultimo gruppo. Questo risultato potrebbe essere correlato alla gestione della metodica da parte di un singolo operatore o, al massimo, di due operatori. Per tale motivo, crediamo che la metodica buttonhole sia particolarmente adatta ai pazienti che seguono un programma di dialisi domiciliare.

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Introduction. Blood culture is an important method to detect microbial pathogens on blood, very useful for diagnosing bacterial infections. Unfortunately, classical diagnostic protocols cannot directly identify bacteria responsible for sepsis and accordingly their antimicrobial profiles. This problem causes a delay of almost two days in the availability of a specific antimicrobial profile. Objective. Among the main causes of death, sepsis have a relevant importance. For this reason it is important both to identify pathogens and to perform an antimicrobial susceptibility test in the shortest time as possible. For this purpose, the main aim of this study is the evaluation of the performances of an antimicrobial susceptibility determination directly performed on positive blood cultures. Materials and methods. This study has been performed on 70 positive blood cultures, during the period from January to July 2009. A number of 35 blood cultures were positive for Gram negative bacteria, and 35 were positive for Gram positive bacteria. From these positive blood cultures, after a short sample preparation, it has been possible to directly determine antimicrobial susceptibility profiles by using the HB&L (formerly URO-QUICK) instrument. Results. The HB&L system results showed a very good correlation with both the classical disk diffusion method and VITEK 2 automatic system.The performances between the methods carried out in this study were equivalent. Conclusions. From data reported, thanks to the rapidity and simplicity of the method used, we can assert that the direct susceptibility test available with the HB&L system, is useful for a rapid and early choice of the antibiotic treatment.