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The goal of this article is to conduct comparative and structural-semantic research into belief narratives concerning flying serpents and treasure-bearers in East Slavic (Belarusian, Estonian Russian, other Slavic traditions) and Finno-Ugric (Estonian, Votic, Livonian, Finnish, Vepsian) regions related to Baltic and Scandinavian beliefs. The source material was collected between the 19th and 21st centuries. Based on the available materials, a character profile was created with respect to the following features while describing a flying serpent and a treasure-bringer: description of the origin (how and from whom the supernatural being originates), general forms of appearance, aspects of time and location, as well as the creature’s behaviour (active/passive; rituals) and genre affiliation (the process of storytelling, perception of the character).

In this article, we will consider the Russian folklore retellings of the Exodus, with special emphasis on the narratives about mythical creatures called “pharaohs”. The current analysis is based on a Russian collection of folklore. The data were collected in the 1920–‘40s in the territories of Estonia, Russia, and Latvia (Lutsi region, Estonian settlement) in the context of Slavic belief systems and legends about these characters. Currently, folklore materials are stored in the archive collection of the Estonian Literary Museum (ELM) (Tartu), and in the Skriptoorium. The article gives an overview of the most characteristic motifs, the origin, appearance, and habitat of these mythical creatures. The actions of the Pharaohs are described in more detail.

The efficient management of time is essential in any profession and in any activity domain. Anybody can increase his capacity to organize his time and get important benefits from it. The way in which one organizes his time will always have a direct impact on the objects of his work (resources and activities), so that it is worth allocating time for developing some instruments and techniques that could help planning and organizing time efficiently and attaining the objectives while meeting the deadlines.

Taking a management decision is usually a complex endeavour with many stages. Gathering and assimilating information supposes perception processes based on attitudes which are determined by the values and fundamental beliefs of the individual. These values and beliefs are in a large degree tributary to the national culture to which we belong. The role of cultural particularities in forming perceptions becomes a priority of the economic agents, the manager being the catalyst of information, involved in the integration, administering and updating pertinent information, from the thousands of data available by using IT&C. The quality of the decision depends on the qualities, knowledge and aptitudes of the manager, and this is why it is a good idea to attract a greater number of specialists in the decisional process.

Marketing activity involves many decision situations. They may have a lower or higher complexity, but all involve organizing, processing, extracting and analyzing of a large volume of information. By using specialized software that provides tools for analysis, company managers can quickly obtain significant information about market. They can also get overview, synthesis of certain aspects of company activities. In the data analysis activity traditional methods and software tools can be used, such as: dispersion analysis software, multi-factor techniques, regression analysis software and data-series analysis software, useful in data-series analysis in their trend format, seasonality and of the other dynamic series components. But if a more complex economic analysis is demanded, where the information is needed to be presented in the form of diagrams, is necessary to use specialized software tools for analysis, such as those offered by spreadsheet applications. Of those who know and use spreadsheet applications for drawing up the reports necessary for carrying out the work, many use the Microsoft Excel. Using Microsoft Excel software, data can be organized and processed quickly, accurately and thoroughly. Also, the facilities for the extraction, aggregation and analysis bring real value to a business activity. From the same volume of processed data a higher volume of complex and diversified information can be obtained, thus offering a more complete picture on the analized decisional situation in its entire. For this reason we conducted a study in which we sought to obtain information on how these applications are used in the marketing activities of companies. Microsoft Excel software is used a lot in marketing activities of companies in Bihor County, but data analysis tools it provides are used too little. Collected and stored data are not used to their full value. In this way, companies do not have information that could help to better understand customer behavior and market products.

In this paper is presented a survey of companies’ websites in Bihor county. The study aims at local companies whose scope of activity allows them to interact with the end-users – individuals and whose presence in the virtual environment is ensured by websites. Companies that own a website use it for different purposes: to communicate to the users information about the company, to promote its products and services offered, to offer potential clients the opportunity to purchase these products online, to interact with their clients. The website of a company ensure its constant presence and can be used as an instrument in the marketing strategy, as a meaning of identity development or growth of the brand exposure, as a support for relationships with potential buyers or as a way of achieving market research. But for the website to fulfill the purpose for which it was made it must give the needed importance to certain aspects. Research carried out reveals an intensified concern of the companies for creating their own websites, for communicating with potential clients from the virtual environment, but they do not give importance to issues related to updating the information, structure, appearance, purpose sites. Most companies use the website mainly for information. They give little importance to promotion, yet not realizing the benefits they might have. Less than one third of the websites analyzed offers the possibility of online orders.

In this article the authors aim to create a presentation of the triangle morals-ethics-responsibility with an accent on the current globalized society. Business ethics has to disseminate in all the corners of a company, and first of all it has to be understood. Understanding the moral criteria of behaviour in business is important because the new Organizational structures create new complications, related to information flow and information administration inside various workgroups and in the entire organization, for which there are no traditional precedents.

In this paper I explore the phenomenon of personal development in an unconventional way. The contribution of this paper is to use a different method (i.e. in depth interviews) to focus on a different unit of analysis (i.e. managerial couples) in a different context. In addition the information and communication technologies (IT'C) are entering all the fields: business, state institutions, education and the day-by-day life. This paper contributes to the field by suggesting a different theoretical approach to personal development conflict as a decision-making problem. I propose using social exchange theory to explain personal development conflict as a complex evaluation of cost and benefits of exchanges between multiple actors on the basis of personal values and beliefs. The critical thinking is one of the most popular learning objects in the English speaking countries and they are also offering most of hopes to distance learning and also the critical thinking is a reflective one. This paper suggests that the field may be overlooking some fundamental variables. Content analysis of the interview transcripts reveals the crucial importance of implicit values and benefits, immanent or tacit actions such as decision-making and learning and communication and mutual understanding. Communication and personal development is essential in this respect. It's difficult to separate work, family and personal development and communication is fundamental in all directions. To conceptualize personal development conflict as a decision-making problem while taking into account exchanges and interactions between multiple actors and we can draw on equity theory or social exchange theory. Future research should test whether decision making is central for the understanding of personal conflict only in managers or in other collectives as well. I recommend the couple as the best unit of analysis to address issues such as accommodation within couples and complex decision- making in both individuals and couples. Future research should draw on boarder and different samples to replicate our study and check the generalizability of its findings - because if it can be generalized it may have strong implication for theoretical development.

In the current global economic environment, competition is becoming acute and complex, and rapid technological changes are shortening product lifecycles and the capacity of a company to generate new goods and services, or to improve them and distribute them as quickly as possible to markets. Changes of technological nature have been so rapid lately that one can talk of a new technological revolution if we take into account the waves of technological development which are based on the spectacular progresses in informatics, telecommunications, robotics, fiber optics, fine chemical products and in aerospatial industry.

Technology has become more and more global and access to advanced technologies is vital for gaining and maintaining a durable competitive advantage under the conditions of economic globalization. Globalization and opening of large research and development centres by the large companies in areas with a major human potential, in which the operating costs are low, imply an exchange of specialized information with global distribution, access to specific applications and big data traffic generators. In the same time they imply the existence of ITC infrastructure, as well as the availability of human resources experienced in using the new technologies. Electronic communications have a significant impact over cultural activities as well as on recreative ones, by offering a high accessibility, changing the consumer behaviour as well as offering access to a large number of options.

The development of an informational society requires consolidating trust in information and communication technology (ICT), the protection of personal data and of the right to a private life, but also promoting a world and national unification of the info

In the current economic and socio-demographic context, the pressure exerted over the informatic departments by the top management in order to have them offer a high volume of information in a short time, efficient for maintaining and developing the busine

European Structural Funds have been created with the clear goal to redistribute money among European Union members in such a way as to help poorer regions diminish the gaps between them and the richer ones. The present study assesses this problem for the Structural Operational Programme Environment in Romania. Using spatial econometrics methods, we evaluate two issues on the sample of 42 Romanian counties. The first one is if any clusterization process takes place in what regards contracting funds through ESF for environmental protection projects. The second one is intended to test whether the main principle of the ESF is satisfied – helping the poor in a sustainable development process. Using the quartile maps and the spatial Moran's I autocorrelation coefficient we show different results for the clusterization topic. When considering the budget value of the projects implemented through SOP ENV, both as total and as eligible share, Romanian counties group based on a positive global spatial autocorrelation. This means that counties with approximately the same budget levels are neighbours. Transylvanian counties have gained the most out of the projects on environment. When the number of contracts is assessed, the distribution of the counties proves to be random and no global spatial autocorrelation was found. Moreover, the map analysis shows that, in general, there is a negative relationship between the value of the budget and the number of contracts. The spatial regression analysis shows the violation of the ESF principle. The coefficients of the GDP are positive. This implies a direct relationship between the richness of the county and the projects implemented through the SOP ENV. Thus, instead of being used by the poorer regions, money goes to the richer ones. The higher the GDP, the higher the value of the budget for the environmental protection programmes financed through European funds. The GDP also positively influences the number of contracts scheduled or signed, but the only at a 10% significance level.

After a period of studying a certain subject, students form an opinion about it and begin having certain expectations. These expectations and the degree in which, in the end, they fulfil, contribute to the reputation of the university. Consequently, a continuous evaluation of the quality of the educational process is needed. The present research presents a part of a more complex study made on a sample of master students in Audit and Financial Management in Romania. The goal was to evidence the main factors that affect students' expectations in what regards the grades they will obtain at the end of the semester. For this, a questionnaire of 20 questions was applied to 250 such students. After factor reduction procedures were applied, six most significant variables were kept in the analysis: the proportion of knowledge acquired, the perceived level of utility of the discipline in the professional career of the student, the proportion in which the subject could contribute to getting employed in the field it belongs to, the evaluation method and two variables evaluating through grades the didactic performance during the course and the overall performance of the tenure professor. The influence of these variables upon the grade expected by the student was assessed with the help of the OLS regression, both in the simple and multiple forms. Out of the six hypotheses formulated, only one proved to be false based on the simple regression analysis. When individually assessed, the evaluation method announced by the teacher at the beginning of the semester turned out to have no statistically significant influence upon students' expectations. For the rest of the variables, results were according to the assumptions made, i.e. all determine in a significant positive manner the students' opinion about the grade they will get. We have also constructed the multiple regression models. When putting all variables together, the significance changes. The level of difficulty of the evaluation method becomes significant, while from the rest of the variables only the proportion of knowledge acquirement still holds. The final conclusion is as expected: the higher the proportion of acquirement, the higher the grade expected at the end of the semester, while the more difficult the evaluation method, the lower the grade.

The article emphasizes aspects regarding the perceptions of master accountancy graduates concerning the chances to find an adequate job at graduation. These preoccupations are relatively recent in the academic studies. The studentn#8217;s expectations are often unrealistic, which causes problems to them and also to the private firms and organizations. From the empirical section results that the studentsn#8217; evaluations regarding their own opportunities to get a job modify as they advance in the programme. Even more, this evolution is influenced by employment during the studies and by the professional experience.

The study shows the reasons taken into account by the students in choosing an academic preparation. Free courses and employment opportunities during or after graduation are the most important advantages students expect to receive from an educational program that aims to follow. The empirical section results emphasize the efficiency and performance of the master program financed by the European Social Fund. \\\\r\\\\n

The article emphasizes aspects regarding the evaluation of the higher education's quality. In certain countries, the questionnaires regarding quality of the activity of HEIs (Higher Education Institutions) are administrated by specialized institutions led by the Ministry of Education or the university associations. The evaluation principles derive from well-known economic and social theories, evolving even evaluation models (see the SERVQUAL model). As a result of the Bologna Treaty (1999), the European Union has the objective to become an international reference concerning the higher education quality and to be more attractive than in the present for students, professors and researchers from other regions of the world. So as to fulfill these objectives ENQA (European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education) recommends HEIs to include in their development plans regarding quality aspects five principles described in the article. The practical study refers to the results of a questionnaire applied to the master business students from a Romanian university. In order to assess the level of satisfaction of students in relation to the master programme they are involved in, a questionnaire was applied on a sample of 200 such persons. The responses were then analyzed using multidimensional data analysis methods. Out of these, the present research is based on multiple response analysis. In the questionnaire, students were asked to return their level of satisfaction for different aspects related to the educational process they are involved in. The questions were constructed as five-level Likert items. In this way was insured a connection between answers given at each of the questions assessing the quality of the programme. Only 0.2% of the answers given relate to aspects about which the students were not satisfied at all. These answers represent 3.2% of the number of respondents. 30% of the students were slightly satisfied, returning 57 choices of this type. As one can see, the volume of each group increases with the level of satisfaction. The processing of the questionnaire was made on recent economic theories concerning the quality assurance in the university environment, which are briefly presented in the beginning of the article.

The teaching performance is influenced firstly by the quality of the educational system. The universities are trying to raise the expectations regarding the methods used for evaluating the teaching quality. In order for the results to be as much as credible the evaluation must defer to the existing theory and to follow the standardized procedures, starting from some basic principles. The most used framework is represented by the 3P model which contains three parts: 1. The input (factors that come under the students and the professor) 2. The learning process (activities focused on learning, teaching methods, practical ability, individual study) 3. The outcome (the output of the learning process).This study presents some results of a questionnaire based on the existing economic theory and applied to a sample of master business students from Romania. The students were asked to give grades from 1 to 5 to several aspects related to the educational process. These aspects took into consideration the following: if the didactic activity was interesting for the students/ the relationship between the objectives of the course and the activity evolved/ the clarity of the presentations/ the degree of students' participation required by the teacher/ the methods and materials used/ the availability of the teacher. The average grade is 4.39, indicating a very high level of satisfaction, taking into account that the grades ranged from 1 to 5. For 50% of the students, the average grade was below 4.53, while for the other half it was above the specified value. But one has to see the value returned for the majority of the students. The mode equals 5, meaning that most of the students involved in the analyzed programme are extremely satisfied with the quality of the educational process. With a significance value Sig. = 0.004 /_ 0.01, we can state that there is correlation between the level of satisfaction expressed by the average grade and the number of classes missed by a student, at a confidence of 99%. The value of the Pearson coefficient is -0.213, which shows the existence of a weak reverse connection.

The aim of the article is to describe the legal situation of minors in Poland in the context of new legal regulations. The authors present the new Act on the Support and Rehabilitation of Juveniles, the changes introduced and new institutions dealing with the rehabilitation of juveniles. The text is an attempt to assess the adopted new solutions in the context of the maturity of juveniles, their personal and psychological development, and awareness of the acts committed by juveniles. The authors refer to the data to present the scale of juvenile delinquency both during the "old" Juvenile Justice Act of 1982 and the "new" Juvenile Justice Act of 2022. The text is a kind of discussion on the adopted solutions and their evaluation by the authors, which should encourage reflection and the readers' own reflections. The text presents statistical data referring to the specificity and scale of juvenile delinquency both during the old and the new act.

L’auteur de l’article esquisse l’histoire de l’édition de six conférences de Cyprian Norwid consacrées à l’œuvre de Juliusz Słowacki, parues sous le titre 'O dziełach i stanowisku poetycznym Juliusza Słowackiego w sprawie narodowej' [Sur les œuvres etla vision poétique de Juliusz Słowacki concernant la question patriotique], que le poète a données en avril et mai 1860 à Paris (dans le Cabinet de Lecture polonais au 25 du Passage du Commerce). L’inspiration pour organiser un cycle de conférences ouvertes centrées sur l’œuvre d’un poète appartenant à la fameuse triade des bardes a été pour Norwid le cours d’histoire de la littérature polonaise (dès ses débuts à 1831), tenu en 1858 au siège de la Société historique et littéraire polonaise de Paris par Julian Klaczko, l’auteur d’ouvrages sur l’histoire d’art et la littérature fort appréciés à l’époque. Norwid a pris une position ouvertement polémique face à « l’école » critique de Klaczko, ses hiérarchies esthétiques et artistiques et ses idées sur le rôle de la culture nationale. Dans ses conférences, il a exposé entre autres une approche toute différente de l’art polonais et a fait une analyse des poèmes les plus importants de Słowacki ('Anhelli', 'Beniowski', 'Król-Duch' [Le Roi-Esprit]). D’après les conclusions de l’auteur de l’article, la base de la première édition de la « leçon sur Słowacki » datant de 1861 était constituée des notes des trois auditeurs des conférences (Marian Sokołowski, Seweryn Elżanowski, Maria Bolewska). C’était avant tout Sokołowski, devenu plus tard professeur d’histoire de l’art à l’Université Jagellonne de Cracovie, qui a engagé toute son énergie pour aboutir à la publication. C’est lui notamment qui, préparant les textes pour l’impression, a inséré dans la brochure l’article important de Norwid 'O „Balladynie”' [Sur « Balladyna »].

Recenzja książki: Maciej Raczyński-Rożek. Dwie ręce Ojca. Chrystologia Ducha w ujęciu Hansa Ursa von Balthasara i Sergiusza Bułgakowa. Myśl Teologiczna 116. Kraków: WAM, 2024. Ss. 524. 62,90 PLN. ISBN 978-83-277-3909-4.

Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, jakie miejsce w refleksji teologicznej Anastazego Synaity zajmuje kwestia klimatyczna. Artykuł składa się z dwóch części: pierwsza prezentuje obraz Boga wyłaniający się z analiz Synaity, druga natomiast koncentruje się na odpowiedzialności człowieka, którego decyzje uwarunkowane są wieloma czynnikami, także klimatem. Do najważniejszych wniosków należą: 1. Anastazy w dziele Quaestiones et responsiones ponad dwadzieścia razy odwołuje się do kwestii związanych z klimatem. Wspomina o zmianach klimatycznych, o cechach klimatów, o różnych ich rodzajach oraz o ich wpływie na człowieka. 2. Długość życia, choroby, epidemie w zdecydowanej większości przypadków są - w przekonaniu Anastazego z Synaju - związane z klimatem i dietą a nie moralnością czy wyznawaniem poprawnej religii. 3. Refleksja teologiczna Synaity może być rozwijana w przynajmniej trzech kierunkach. Po pierwsze, pozwala na powiązanie zagadnień ekologicznych z budowaniem poprawnego obrazu Boga. Po drugie, uwrażliwia na związek między dewastacją środowiska naturalnego a cierpieniem człowieka, co stanowi ważny obszar teologii miłosierdzia rozumianej jako „leczenie ran”. Po trzecie, buduje szeroki kontekst dla inkulturacji nauczania Kościoła, ponieważ wskazuje rolę różnych czynników klimatycznych dla postaw i zachowań ludzkich. Wydaje się, że myśl Anastazego dostarcza również poważnych argumentów współczesnej teologii ewolucyjnej. Pozwala ona bowiem na umiejscowienie w starożytnej tradycji jej kluczowego twierdzenia o autonomii praw przyrody.

Działalność Komisji Badań nad Antykiem Chrześcijańskim TN KUL w roku akademickim 2023/2024

The article discusses an approach to analyzing processes in industrial reactors using advanced systems with feedback. The authors describe the system preparation and image reconstruction algorithms of ultrasonic tomographs (USTs) that have applications in industry. The research presented in this paper focuses on developing effective strategies for controlling and monitoring chemical reaction processes in reactors. Using advanced data processing techniques, the authors propose systems with feedback that enable accurate analysis and optimization of reactor operating conditions. A key aspect is ultrasonic tomographic imaging, which provides precise data on the state of the process in the reactor. In summary, the paper presents a state-of-the-art approach to analyzing chemical reaction processes in industrial reactors using advanced feedback systems and ultrasonic imaging technologies. The proposed solutions are essential for improving efficiency and process control in the chemical industry.

The study employed a simulation based on a detailed dataset containing over 307,046 unique order identifiers and 1,050 unique product identifiers. This dataset included information such as order placement dates, product codes, quantities, and precise locations within the warehouse, including coordinates. The simulation modeled the order-picking route using the Single-Picker Routing Problem (SPRP) algorithms to minimize distance and travel time. The methods compared various wave-picking strategies and grouping methods (single-line and multi-line) for their effectiveness.The applied method significantly reduced the travel distance required by the order picker in the warehouse. The key to this optimization was consolidating orders into waves of specific sizes, achieving a fourfold distance reduction for the studied dataset. Additionally, the solution proposed grouping products by location within the warehouse, either in a single aisle or across multiple aisles based on proximity. Although this method often enhances efficiency, it did not in this particular case. However, it was included as it may yield better results with different datasets and further reduce travel distances in the warehouse. The research underscored the critical role of efficient routing and grouping strategies in warehouse operations. Although wave picking significantly reduced travel distances, the effectiveness of clustering strategies depended on the characteristics of the specific dataset, suggesting the need for tailored solutions based on the warehouse layout and the features of the orders. Future research could extend to integrating product volume and weight variations, which may further optimize order-picking strategies.

Purpose: This article presents a novel approach that leverages advanced data analytics and machine learning techniques to enhance marketing strategies. By precisely targeting and segmenting audience groups based on their descriptive profiles, the study aims to significantly improve the efficacy of marketing campaigns. Methods: The study employs several clustering and community detection algorithms, including Louvain Community, Greedy Modularity, and Label Propagation. These methods are applied to diverse datasets to identify distinct groups within the audience that exhibit specific behavioral and preference patterns. The approach emphasizes data-driven decision-making, which involves making decisions based on the analysis of data rather than intuition or observation, to optimize marketing outcomes. Results demonstrate that employing advanced clustering techniques can significantly refine the segmentation process, leading to more targeted marketing efforts. These methods successfully identified nuanced sub-groups within the datasets, which corresponded closely with customer behaviors and preferences variations, thereby allowing for more tailored marketing strategies. Discussion: The study's findings underscore the imperative for marketers to embrace sophisticated analytical techniques. Machine learning has the potential to transform marketing strategies by providing deeper insights into customer segmentation. This research highlights the importance of staying ahead of the curve in the face of the complexities of consumer markets and evolving business environments.

The article draws attention to important elements of contemporary popular culture of two Far Easter countries – Japan and South Korea. Japan has the original kawaii culture; South Korea has the hallyu culture. Over recent years, products of both Japanese and Korean popular culture have been massively exported and consumed throughout East and Southeast Asia. The expansion of cute kawaii creativity in the form of Japanese animated films, comics, including Hello Kitty and Pokemon characters allowed this culture to appear in the USA and Europe (also in Poland), causing an international phenomenon called “pink globalization”. The “Korean Wave” (hallyu), based mainly on the expansion of pop music and television dramas, attracted similar interest. The aim of the article is to analyze, using a qualitative research paradigm, the importance of kawaii and hallyu culture in building the international position of Japan and South Korea, perceived today as local civil powers. Both the Japanese and Korean governments use popular culture in their cultural diplomacy as soft power, as defined by American political scientist Joseph S. Nye. The researcher concluded that soft power, unlike hard power, is the power of attraction, “seduction”, which consists in the attractiveness of the culture of the entity controlling the preferences of others.

Księgi pokutne, które powstały w epoce późnej starożytności chrześcijańskiej i wczesnego średniowiecza, są świadectwem kształtowania się praktyki pokutnej w Kościele. Celem artykułu, jest odpowiedź na pytanie, jaką rolę w życiu poszczególnych wyznawców Chrystusa odgrywała niedziela i jak przeżywano ten dzień w świetle wspomnianych ksiąg pokutnych. Czy w XXI w., kiedy to Dzień Pański przez wiele osób, które poprzez sakrament chrztu zostały włączone do wspólnoty Kościoła, traktowany jest często wyłącznie jako dzień wolny od pracy czy też okazywana jest wyłącznie troska o to, co cielesne a nie duchowe, czytając księgi pokutne możemy z nich czerpać wiedzę w odkrywaniu sensu niedzieli, celu jej świętowania i jej znaczenie dla życia chrześcijańskiego i ludzkiego?

Regulacja prawna dotycząca postępowania z odpadami pochodzącymi z cmentarzy ma charakter bardzo ograniczony, zarówno w przepisach dotyczących zarządzania cmentarzami, jak i odnoszących się do postępowania z odpadami, budzi jednak wiele różnych wątpliwości. W praktyce odpady takie sprawiają spore problemy, ze względu na ich zróżnicowanie i zanieczyszczenie, także znaczną ilość, dodatkowo lawinowo wzrastającą w początkach listopada. Wątpliwości budzi także status prawny takich odpadów. W opracowaniu przyjęto, że w większości odpady z cmentarzy należy uznać za odpady komunalne, a postępowanie z nimi regulowane jest zwłaszcza przepisami szczególnymi, zawartymi w ustawie o utrzymaniu czystości w gminach z 1996 r. W związku z powyższym poddano analizie przepisy dotyczące zbierania takich odpadów, w szczególności selektywnego odbioru z cmentarza i późniejszego zagospodarowania, obowiązków z tym związanych obciążających podmioty zarządzające cmentarzami, gminy oraz podmioty odbierające odpady. Wskazano pewne luki i niejasności w obowiązujących regulacjach prawnych zagadnienia i sformułowano propozycje odpowiednich zmian przepisów.

Blessed Marcelina Darowska (1827–1911), founder of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception, stands out from the numerous Polish mystics of the 19th century primarily because of her rich experience of mystical life and the original theory of mysticism (mystology) contained in her writings. She left a two-volume ascetic-mystical treatise, spiritual notes (“Diary”), many letters to spiritual directors and some sisters, as well as texts of retreats that she preached to students and various people. She created her own mystical language. As an outstanding representative of 19th-century Polish mysticism, she stands out from other trends in mystical life, including: healthy patriotism, Marian piety with particular emphasis on the title of Mary Queen of Poland, apostolate in the education of girls and women, and the development of various forms of folk piety that strengthen National identity. It had a wide impact on Polish, Belarusian and Ukrainian society, mainly through educational institutions for girls. She also maintained active contacts, including: with Saint archbishop Józef Bilczewski, Saint archbishop Szczęsny Feliński and other outstanding personalities of the spiritual and social life of those times.

Numerous sensors are integrated into modern machine tools to detect and control the forces acting on the tool or workpiece, or to monitor mechanical components such as ball bearings. In addition to the machine itself, the tool is also a sensitive component. In extreme cases, spontaneous failure of the tool can lead to a collision with the clamped workpiece and cause irreparable damage. This results in subsequent costs due to material loss, repair, or production downtime, which can be considerable high. It is therefore important to detect possible wear or failure of tools during the production process. Tool monitoring is particularly useful for flexible production systems which, due to their dynamic application situation, do not allow an estimation of tool life and therefore no fixed tool maintenance intervals. Consequently, the integration of sensors into the machine tool is intended to detect wear at an early stage and minimize tool failure. The integration of a sensor system was carried out in collaboration with Ott Jacob Spanntechnik during a joint research project. The purely mechanical component of the rotary union of a motor spindle was expanded to include an integrated acoustic emission sensor. The focus was on the development of inexpensive sensors for integration into the machine and an evaluation procedure for detecting tool breakage. This paper presents the evaluation principles used and examines their applicability in a manufacturing process. At first, acoustic emission signals from tool breakages were generated in laboratory on a simplified cooling channel setup. The measurement data were used to detect breakage events using different acoustic emission parameters and machine learning methods. It was shown that both methods can identify drill break in the signal, regardless of the diameter. The measurements were then repeated on a machine tool under realistic operating conditions and extended to include wear detection.

Artykuł podejmuje problem miejsca Piotra apostoła w aktach soborów pierwszego tysiąclecia. Piotr okazuje się być autorytetem w obszarze doktryny, moralności, wzorem reagowania na zło i promotorem duszpasterstwa kierującego się wolnością religijną. Cesarze widzą w nim wzór obrony wiary, papieże autorytet doktrynalny, a niejednokrotnie jurysdykcyjny, uczestnicy debat soborowych postrzegają go jako przykład postępowania w przypadku złożenia niegodziwej przysięgi. Powoływanie się na autorytet Piotra uwarunkowane jest sprawowaną funkcją i okolicznościami.

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem naukowym artykułu jest zaprezentowanie specyfiki pedagogiki rodziny uprawianej przez ks. prof. Józefa Wilka (1937–2003), wieloletniego kierownika Katedry Pedagogiki Rodziny KUL. PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Problem główny tekstu sprowadza się do pytania, jakie są podstawowe zagadnienia tematyczne podejmowane w pracy naukowej Józefa Wilka, a metodą do jego rozwiązania jest hermetyczna analiza tekstów źródłowych. PROCES WYWODU: Spośród dorobku publikacyjnego Wilka wyodrębniono te teksty, które podejmują zagadnienie pedagogiki rodziny. Następnie uporządkowano je w ten sposób, by wyodrębnić podstawowe zagadnienia, charakteryzujące jego specyfikę prowadzenia badań naukowych. Starano się następnie ukazać podobne ujęcia obecne w literaturze naukowej. WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Przeprowadzone badania pozwalają wyodrębnić trzy podstawowe obszary zainteresowań Wilka, które składają się na uprawnianą przez niego pedagogikę rodziny. Są to: człowiek jako istota rodzinna, cechy wychowania rodzinnego oraz rodzina w kontekście społecznym. WNIOSKI, REKOMENDACJE I APLIKACYJNE ZNACZENIE WPŁYWU BADAŃ: Wyniki analizy naukowej pozwalają wnioskować o ciągłej aktualności podejmowanych przez ks. Wilka badań, szczególnie tych w obszarze antropologii („homo familiaris”). Należy również zwrócić uwagę na doniosłość aplikacyjną prezentowanych treści, o którą zabiegał sam profesor KUL. Wiele z proponowanych przez niego rozwiązań może służyć i dziś za pomoc w pracy wychowawczej, co również zaprezentowane zostało w artykule.

Ethical competence is not an easily defined concept, especially with respect to the job requirements resulting from new technologies and digital transformation of the economy. The present paper attempts to define the competence profile of a worker in knowledge-based economy and workplaces using automation and digital technologies, but in relation to sources from encyclicals and other moral-theological documents. This profile includes specific ethical criteria, which are relevant and valid regardless of the times. Moreover, in the face of technological progress in modern economies, these criteria seem to have the power to influence the effectiveness of work processes. Thus, features such as respect for human dignity, responsibility, honesty, quality, courage, trustworthiness, justice, and secrecy should be considered as key for recruitment and evaluation of human capital in the modern labour market. As these are values mentioned in moral-theological documents, including papal encyclicals, they refer to the essence of human work and ensure that no man is reified.

A ritual can be characterised as a form of conduct based on traditional and established rules. The basic purpose of its use is to confirm the validity of a particular action. Ritual consists of a set of precisely prescribed formal gestures, words or even movements. Undoubtedly, in legal practice the largest use of ritual and formal conduct is in procedural law, which is full of ritual formulas. To some extent, this is true of contemporary legal orders, but it is absolutely self-evident when we look at the earliest extant records of the ancient Roman process of legis actio sacramento in rem, which is described in detail in Gaius’ Institutions. This strictly formal procedure was fully ritualised and based on the parties using prescribed oral formulae. In many cases, the words and gestures could have had a constitutive character, provided they were performed in the prescribed manner. However, this was undoubtedly true of legal actions derived from civil proceedings, for example, in iure cessio, a form of transfer of ownership in which the transferor and transferee merely pretended to conduct legal proceedings in order to achieve a different kind of objective, transfer of ownership. An addictio with constitutive effect transferred the property to the transferee and could therefore be considered a performative utterance as defined by J.L. Austin.

The document entitled Testament of Moses takes the form of a farewell speech inspired by the Book of Deuteronomy, addressed by Moses before his death to Joshua. The original document, dating from the time of the Maccabees (mid-2nd century BC), was rewritten and updated at the beginning of the first century AD. It is preserved in only one Latin manuscript from the sixth century. The Latin text is a translation from Greek (ca. 5th century) which in turn is a translation of a text that was probably written in Hebrew. Although the Testament of Moses is dominated by a Deuteronomistic theology of history, its message focuses on determinism of an apocalyptic nature. Hence, the existing apocalyptic elements in the document play an important role, which is particularly highlighted by the eschatological hymn in Chapter 10, which shows many parallels with Dan 12:1–3. The eschatological events are portrayed as the time of the establishment of the kingdom of God and the annihilation of the devil. Before this happens, however, a variety of cataclysms of cosmic proportions and an intervention by God will occur, resulting in the final defeat of the forces of evil and the exaltation of Israel and its inclusion in a community with heavenly beings.