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Il presente saggio analizza la relazione difficile tra, da una parte, la tragedia del Cinquecento come nuovo genere letterario che si basa su contemporanee riflessioni teoriche e il petrarchismo “ortodosso” fondato da Pietro Bembo dall’altra parte. La Poetica di Aristotile presuppone che la letteratura debba essere prodotta servendosi di uno stile gradevole,“dolce”. Questo presupposto si riferisce a tutti i generi letterari, dunque anche alla tragedia. Per autori e teorici della letteratura nel Cinquecento italiano uno stile “dolce” era inevitabilmente uno stile petrarchesco. Perciò da un punto di visto aristotelizzante la tragedia del Cinquecento doveva essere, stilisticamente, una tragedia sotto il segno del petrarchismo. Scrittori di tragedie come Giraldi e Speroni lottavano con questa situazione, offrendo diverse soluzioni del dilemma che stile petrarchesco e soggetto tragico non si combinano facilmente. Solo il dramma pastorale avrebbe offerto i mezzi per risolvere questo nodo gordiano. This article deals with the complex interrelation between Cinquecento tragedy as a newly established literary genre, strongly based on contemporary poetological reflexion, and the “orthodox” petrarchism founded by Pietro Bembo. Aristotle’s Poetics presuppose that literature must be written in an agreeable “sweet” style. This postulation applies to all literary genres including tragedy. For Italian Cinquecento authors and literary theorists, “sweet” style was inavoidably Petrarchan. Therefore Cinquecento tragedy would need Petrarchan diction to be “correctly” written from an Aristotelianizing point of view. Writers of tragedy, including Giraldi and Speroni, struggle with that situation, offering different solutions of the dilemma that Petrarchan style and tragic subject are not easily combinable. Only in the pastoral drama would this Gordian knot be solved.

Knowledge of the ice thickness distribution of glaciers is important for glaciological and hydrological applications. In this contribution, we present two updated bedrock topographies and ice thickness distributions for Gries- and Findelengletscher, Switzerland. The results are based on ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements collected in spring 2015 and already-existing data. The GPR data are analysed using ReflexW software and interpolated by using the ice thickness estimation method (ITEM). ITEM calculates the thickness distribution by using principles of ice flow dynamics and characteristics of the glacier surface. We show that using such a technique has a significance advantage compared to a direct interpolation of the measurements, especially for glacier areas that are sparsely covered by GPR data. The uncertainties deriving from both the interpretation of the GPR signal and the spatial interpolation through ITEM are quantified separately, showing that, in our case, GPR signal interpretation is a major source of uncertainty. The results show a total glacier volume of 0.28 ± 0.06 and 1.00 ± 0.34 km3 for Gries- and Findelengletscher, respectively, with corresponding average ice thicknesses of 56.8 ± 12.7 and 56.3 ± 19.6 m.

Changes in Switzerland's climate are expected to have major impacts on glaciers, the hydrological regime and the natural hazard potential in mountainous regions. Glacier de la Plaine Morte is the largest plateau glacier in the European Alps and thus represents a particularly interesting site for studying rapid and far-reaching effects of atmospheric warming on Alpine glaciers. Based on detailed field observations combined with numerical modelling, the changes in total ice volume of Glacier de la Plaine Morte since the 1950s and the dynamics of present glacier mass loss are assessed. Future ice melt and changes in glacier runoff are computed using climate scenarios, and a possible increase in the natural hazard potential of glacier-dammed lakes around Plaine Morte over the next decades is discussed. This article provides an integrative view of the past, current and future retreat of an extraordinary Swiss glacier and emphasizes the implications of climate change on Alpine glaciers.

Rolf Lohse, Renaissancedrama und humanistische Poetik in Italien, Humanistische Bibliothek, Ser. I 64 (München: Fink, 2015), 722 S.

No abstract available.