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Objective: to synthesize scientific evidences about methods to increase cervical, breast and colorectal cancer screening participation., Methods: a multidisciplinary working group has been set up to define the scope of the report and to conduct the evaluation. The scope and the final evaluation have been submitted to a stakeholder committee, including the Ministry of Health, the National Screening Observatory, regional screening program coordinators, scientific societies, and Lega Italiana Lotta ai Tumori, for comments and integrations. A systematic review of the principal biomedical and social literature databases was conducted to identify experimental and observational studies, updating the existing review by Jepson and coll. (Health Technol Assess. 2000;4(14):i-vii, 1-133)., Results: 5900 have been identified, 900 relevant for the topic.Among those, 148 reported quantitative information on intervention efficacy, other 90 came from the previous review. Organised screening programmes, based on invitation letter or on GP involvement,were consistently effective in increasing participation compared to spontaneous screening. Interventions are classified according to their target: individual, community, test simplification, health operators, health service organization. The report presents meta-analyses on efficacy, analyses of cost-effectiveness, impact on organisation and social inequality, and ethical and legal issues, of all the intervention reported in the literature., Conclusions: there are several interventions consistently effective in any context, some of them have minimal impact on costs and health service resources.

Specialists qualified in workplace health promotion are very few. Results of a pilot distance training course which took place in 2008 show that the course was useful at the individual and organizational level and had a relatively low cost.

Over the past decades advances in sciences and medicine have improved living and health conditions and lengthened life expectancy. These benefits are associated with an increase in prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases. With their multi-factorial aetiology these diseases are influenced by life styles and personal habits and require prolonged medical care and high social costs. Now days health is no longer considered as the absence of disease but a state of mental, physical and social well-being. The World Health Organization has defined health promotion as "the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve health". Since the 70s in the USA many health promotion programmes have been proposed, especially by large corporations, in order to ensure a more efficient, productive and motivated work-force, to reduce health insurance costs and to provide a better company image. Workplaces,--particularly when the working population is relatively stable--are excellent areas for health promotion programmes because workers can be monitored over a long period of time. The most successful programmes are aimed at modifying behaviour in risk patterns (smoking, alcohol abuse, eating disorders, etc.) through information, active participation, screening, follow-up, personalized programmes, changes in the working environment, physical exercise programmes. These health promotion programmes are extremely hard to develop for Italian workers. Most firms are small or very small and much still remains to be done to eliminate well-known occupational risk factors. The current flexibility of modern work patterns could constitute a further obstacle.