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the main causes of honey fermentation reported in the literature are water content, expressed as moisture (%) or water activity (aw), bacterial contamination and storage temperatures. at the present the detremination of whether a honey has undergone fermentation is made by means of a sensory analysis performed by an expert analyst. However during both production and inspection, it is of fundamental importance to have a parameter and a method of analysis for objectively determining the presence of a fermentation process and defining a thresholdfor differentiating between fermented and non-fermented honeys. In the study a procedure for assessing the onset and pattern of fermentation in honey kept at different temperatures (corresponding to possible and actual storage temperatures 15, 20, 25, 30, 35°C) and at different levels of moisture (16, 17, 18, 19, 20%) is taken into consideration.The samples were stored for a total of 18 months.

Royal Jelly (RJ) is a viscid substance that is highly acidic (pH 3.6-4.2) and has a characteristic sharp flavour secreted by worker bee as an essential food for the larva of queen bee. It is partially water soluble and hits density is 1.1 g/ml. The study of RJ composition was carried out since 1940 and it is still not exhaustive. The dry matter arrange between 30 –40% and consists of protein, lipids and sugars. It has been claimed to be veritable powerhouse of vitamins, minerals and amino acids. The researcher activity on RJ is request both to assure the product autenicity both to ensure their freshness. The peculiar components of RJ are free hydroxy acids and the most represented is 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA): no other natural product has been reported to contain 10-HAD. RJ has been demonstrated to possess several pharmacological activities in experimental animals, including vasodilatative and hypotensive activities. Different parameter are tested to evaluate RJ freshness, furosine assay appear the most suitable marker to evaluate the conditions of RJ storage.

Nel 1732 Alfonso Maria de Liguori fondava la Congregazione del SS. Redentore con l’intento di portare aiuto, con i suoi missionari, nelle periferie dimenticate, maggiormente bisognose di un conforto spirituale. Nel 1749 Benedetto XIV approvava la regola. Le riflessioni che seguono ripercorrono i primi anni di vita della Congregazione fra speranze, successi, fallimenti, facendo ricorso al carteggio del de Liguori ed ai suoi principali interlocutori quali Benedetto XIV, Carlo di Borbone, monsignor Tommaso Falcoia, suor Celeste Crostarosa

In Italy the transition from a war economy to a peacetime economy began before the end of the first world war. To the parties involved – the state, the industrialists and the workers – it was clear that the war had created a dramatic rupture in the organisation of production. The post-war period ushered in a phase of great turmoil, especially in trade union relations between industrialists and workers. The issues at the centre of the discord were the supply of raw materials, unemployment, the cost of living, and higher wages. As the hostility grew, the industrialists, who in the meantime had re-established their association (Confindustria) in order to defend their interests more effectively, decided to finance the National Fascist Party (PNF). This support, with the rise to power of Benito Mussolini, enabled order to be established in the factories by means of coercion and punishment of worker demands. Italy’s process of industrial reconversion therefore went no further than the industrialists’ recourse to a “strong state”, a prospect that was far from isolated in Europe.

Nell’ambito del progetto KASA (Koine Archeologica - Sapiente Antichità), progetto finanziato dall’Interreg Italia-Malta, promulgato dalla Regione Sicilia, con fondi della Comunità Europea, la Missione Archeologica Italiana diretta dal Prof. Pietro Militello dell’Università di Catania ha affrontato uno studio sugli antichi ambienti sotterranei sui quali insiste il Museo Wignacourt a Rabat (Malta). I risultati sono presentati in questo volume che si articola in quattro sezioni. La prima, curata da G. Azzopardi, curatore del Museo, consiste in una raccolta di notizie storiche utili alla ricostruzione della frequentazione umana degli ingrottamenti dal XVI secolo circa fino alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale, allorquando vennero realizzati ampi rifugi sotterranei antiaerei. La seconda sezione, curata da F. Sabatini, contiene la presentazione dei maggiori complessi ipogeici (1-6), preceduta da note di carattere generale su aspetti geologici e seguita da considerazioni sulle tecniche dell’“architettura per via di levare” delle catacombe maltesi. La terza parte presenta i complessi ipogeici 7-15, a cura di V. Rizzone, e 16, a cura di F. Tomasello e della sua équipe. Lo studio di questi estesi cimiteri sotterranei offre la possibilità di svolgere una serie di considerazioni generali (sezione quarta) sulla nascita e lo sviluppo degli ipogei funerari di Rabat, sulle tecniche di rilevamento e sulla loro valorizzazione.