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Objectives: The AA report a case of a patient with acute abdomen caused by intestinal Anisakiasis, a fish-transmitted infection that results from ingestion of raw or improperly cooked fish contaminated by live larvae of Anisakis Simplex, a round worm from the order of Ascaridida., Material and Methods: A 33-year-old man, presented to the emergency room with severe upper abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, without fever. The patient revealed that he had eaten pickled anchovies a few days before., Results: On the exploratory laparotomy an edematous and stenotic tract of 15 cm of jejunum was found, and a segmental resection was performed. Histologically, the resected jejunum showed a conspicuous and diffuse inflammatory infiltration, predominantly made up of eosinophil granulocytes, numerous mucosal erosions and the presence in the submucosa of sections of parasites which were identified as Anisakis Simplex larvae., Discussion: The ingestion of fish contaminated by Anisakis larva is often followed by the appearance of systemic or gastrointestinal symptoms due respectively to the direct larva localization and the allergic reaction to some parasite components. Diagnosis is made frequently difficult by clinical manifestations that could mimic symptoms of other diseases more common in Italy., Conclusions: Globalization has made Anisakiasis a more and more frequent disease worldwide, as increased mixture of different cultures and international travelling has allowed the spreading of risky feeding habits. That's why Anisakiasis should be considered in differential diagnosis of intestinal obstruction in patients with positive anamnesis for suspiciously cooked or conserved seafood eating.

Lake Piediluco is a small natural lake in Umbria, Italy, which is regulated by hydroelectricity demands. Two artificials tributaries flow into it at the north end and create a lotic zona. The lake is rich in algae and hydrophytes. There are many sponge colonies and a great number of rheophil and limnophile caddis flies (40 species), gasteropods and bivalves. In the intestinal content of fishes the trichoptera larvae are very numerous. The fishes, which have been carefully investigated for parasites, are not seriously damaged.

An investigation was carried out to identify the fish parasites in the Chiascio River (Umbria, Italy). Certain physical-chemical factors and the biochemical oxygen demand of the river water were, also, studied in samples taken seasonally. The parasites found, together with the fish species they invested and the organs and apparatuses involved, are listed. The species of parasites observed are, in various degrees, diffused in the Palaearctic region. Some are considered to be of allochthonous origin. The fish species with the highest parasite infestation were, in descending order, Rutilus rubilio, Cyprinus carpio, Leuciscus cephalus cabeda and Barbus plebejus. The organs and apparatuses most frequently involved were the gills, the intestines and the skin.

The authors redescribe an acanthocephalan found in the intestine of Solea impar Benn. formerly considered as belonging to the species Acanthocephaloides soleae (Porta, 1905) Petrotschenko, 1956. The systematic position of the species soleae is discussed. For the absence of the trunk spines and for the morphology of the proboscis it is assigned to the genus Paracanthocephaloides Golvan, 1969 as Paracanthocephaloides soleae (Porta, 1905) n. comb.

An investigation was carried out to identify the actual state of parasitism in the Scardinius erythrophthalmus L. population of Trasimeno lake (Umbria, Italy). Seasonal samples of fishes were taken in different points of the litoral and pelagic zones. The parasites found, together with the somatometric values and the characteristics of their localizations are reported. It has been found: a high number of infested specimens; eleven species of parasites, of which five were not yet known to be in the lake; frequency variations of certain species. The species of parasites observed are distributed in the Paleartic region. The five species, whose presence was not known in the lake, are considered to be allochtonous. The organs most frequently involved were, in descending order, the gills, the ureters, the gonads, the intestinal and mesenteric serous membranes, the liver. The most marked histologic alterations and reactions were observed as a consequence of Ergasilus sieboldi Nord. action and, in several cases, with the presence of Ligula intestinalis L. larvae.

In a survey of the helminth parasites of Blennius pavo Risso, 1810 three different species of digenea were collected. Plagioporus (Caudotestis) tyrrhenicus sp.n. is described, figured and compared with other species of the subgenus Plagioporus (Caudotestis) Issaitchikov, 1928. Plagioporus (Caudotestis) tyrrhenicus differs from P. (Caudotestis) azurionis Yamaguti, 1951 in the position of cirrus sac, in sucker ratio and size of the eggs; from P. (Caudotestis) sinitzini Mueller, 1934 for extent of excretory bladder and size of the eggs; from P. (Caudotestis) synagris Yamaguti, 1952 for size of the pharynx and oesophagus, extent of the vitellaria and size of the eggs. Lepocreadium album (Stossich, 1890) Stossich, 1904 is redescribed, figured and recorded for the first time in Blennius pavo. Deretrema sp. is figured and recorded for the first time in the same host.

Trematodes recovered from Blennius gattorugine and Blennius sanguinolentus from the Gulf of Gaeta, Italy, are described and figured as Tyrrhenia blennii g.n. sp.n. The new genus differs from other members of the Arnolinae Skrjabin and Guschanskaja, 1958 (Halipegidae Poche, 1925) chiefly in having acetabulum equatorial, receptaculum seminis uterinum present and eggs without filaments. The diagnosis of the new genus Tyrrhenia and a key to genera of Arnolinae are given.

Atrispinum mormyri (Lorenz, 1878) n. comb. is proposed for Microcotyle mormyri collected on the gills of Lithognathus mormyrus (L.), from the Adriatic and Tyrrhenean Seas on the base of the structure of the genital atrium and the presence of a single vagina with dorsal aperture. The species is included in the keys given by Maillard e Noisy (1978-79) for the species grouped into the genus Atrispinum.

Experimental infection of Tinca tinca and Carassius auratus have demonstrated that Cercaria duplicata von Baer, 1827 is the larval form of Phyllodistomum elongatum Nybelin, 1926 and that the life-cycle occurs between Anodonta cygnea (intermediate host) and Tinca tinca or Carassius auratus (final host) without a second intermediate host. The life-history experimentally completed in the laboratory occurs in the following way: -- adult in the ureters of Tinca tinca and Carassius auratus; -- mother sporocyst and daughter sporocyst of Phyllodistorum elongatum in Anodonta cygnea give rise to the large-tailed rhopalocercous cercaria; -- metacercaria encysted within transformed tail in water.

Schikhobalotrema longivesiculatum sp.n from Blennius sanguinolentus Pallas, 1811 at Gulf of Gaeta (Italy) is described, figured and compared with other species of the genus Schikhobalotrema Skrjabin et Guschanskaja, 1955. Schikhobalotrema longivesiculatum differs from Schikhobalotrema obtusa (Linton, 1916) Skrjabin et Guschanskaja, 1955, especially for sucker ratio, lobed ovary, seminal vesicle coiled and in larger size of eggs; from Schikhobalotrema pomacentri (Manter, 1937) Skrjabin et Guschanskaja, 1955 for lobed ovary, elongated seminal receptacle, smaller vitelline follicles and coiled seminal vesicle; from Schikhobalotrema sparisomae (Manter, 1937) Skrjabin et Guschanskaja, 1955 for elongated seminal receptacle, coiled seminal vesicle and extent of escretory vesicle.

Breizacanthus ligur sp.n. is described and figured from several benthic fishes from the Ligurian Sea. The host species are: Argentina sphyraena, Chlorophthalmus agassizi, Gadiculus argenteus, Phycis blennoides, Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus, Capros aper, Callionymus phaeton, Helicolenus dactylopterus. The parasites were considered as belonging to the family Arhythmacanthidae Yamaguti, 1935 and to the genus Breizancanthus Golvan, 1969. Breizancanthus ligur differs from the only two known species of the genus B. irenae and B. chabaudi for the number of longitudinal rows of hooks and-or numbers of hooks in each longitudinal row, arrangment of cement glands, length of body and lenght of male genital apparatus ratio, lenght of female genital apparatus and shape of embroyophore.

Data on the occurrence of larvae of Anisakis simplex A and Anisakis physeteris in marine fishes from Italian waters are reported. The larvae have been identified by multilocus electrophoresis using biochemical keys. Considerations on the life-history pattern of these species in the Mediterranean Sea are advanced.