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A double-blind study was performed to evaluate carbamazepine for the prophylaxis of benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome in elderly patients--a controversial subject despite the extensive use of such drugs in old age. Thirty-six outpatients aged > or = 60 yrs suffering from general anxiety disorders and benzodiazepine abuse underwent gradual discontinuation of benzodiazepine therapy in two groups, one treated with carbamazepine and one with placebo. The carbamazepine-treated group demonstrated a lower incidence of withdrawal symptoms rated according to the Physician Withdrawal Check List (p < 0.01), better results with the Hopkins Symptom Check List (Covi cluster, p < 0.01) and a more markedly reduced score with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (p < 0.05). Only 3 out of 18 patients in said group complained of side effects attributable to carbamazepine, which disappeared at lower dosages.