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Academic spin-off and innovation public policies. The experience of D.l. 297/1999 in Italy. This paper has the goal to describe the phenomenon of academic spin-offs from the perspective of the legislator and of the main Italian National Institution -- the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research -- whose role and commitment in favoring the technology transfer from Universities and Public research institutions has been crucial. In this paper the Italian experience has been described and the role of the Minister has a mean for encouraging high tech firms generation is widely discussed. Finally, some case studies of academic start ups are briefly presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]