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The General e grand estoria (GGE), a universal history commissioned by King Alfonso X in the 13th century, is a uniquely vast and rich resource, bringing together Christian, Muslim, and Jewish sources, as well as apocryphal and Classical ones, translated into the newly-evolving Castilian language. We maintain that only a wide-ranging, international and interdisciplinary team can unlock the complexities of this enormous, multicultural text, and that digital tools are essential for managing this collaborative work. “The Confluence of Religious Cultures in Medieval History” is a collaborative project to digitize, edit, annotate, and translate the text. We set out how the project offers a new partnership model, suite of digital tools, and experiential learning opportunities for emerging digital humanists and scholars of Spanish, English, French, Arabic, and Hebrew, and explore the possibilities opened by the digital to advance a coordinated global program of training and knowledge mobilization.

Background: Administrative burdens have been identified as a major issue impacting patient care, professional practice, and the overall efficiency of healthcare systems. The aim of this study is to assess the administrative burden faced by Italian hematologists. Methods: A cross-sectional survey that included both closed-ended quantitative questions and open-ended free text answer options was administered to 1,570 hematologists working with malignancies and members of Italian GIMEMA Foundation – Franco Mandelli ONLUS and the Italian Linfomi Foundation (FIL). The survey was conducted online from May 24 to June 30, 2023. Descriptive statistics were computed for the quantitative data to clearly summarize the responses and descriptive analysis of free text responses was carried out. Results: Surveyed hematologists spend an average of 47.07% of their time on administrative tasks, with 63.22% (n = 110) of respondents reporting spending at least half of their time on these activities. More than half (57.47%, n = 100) reported that “Patient care” is the medical task most affected by a lack of time. Additionally, 55.17% (n = 96) reported experiencing burnout in the past 6 months, with filling out “Forms” being identified as the top contributing administrative task by 27.59% (n = 48) of respondents, followed by “Scheduling” (24.71%, n = 43) and “Managing IT system failures” (21.84%, n = 38). Nearly half of the surveyed hematologists (45.40%, n = = 79) identified patient care as the top priority requiring more time. Conclusions: The study confirms that the administrative workload of hematologists has a significant impact on patient care, communication, and burnout risk, reducing the time available for patient care, leading to exhaustion and concern about clinical errors.

Engaging in martial combat, whether for military, self-defence or cultivation purposes, is taken to sensitise practitioners towards existential issues which in turn enliven potential religio-spiritual experiences and awakenings. In this paper, we draw on Girard’s (1977) Violence and the Sacred, and in particular his proposition that, “religion shelters us from violence just as violence seeks shelter in religion” (Girard, [1977] 2005: 25) to examine sacralisation processes in the traditional martial arts with a particular focus on highlighting how violence, sacralised through sacred imagery, is used as a structuring force to instill dispositions that counter ubiquitous human tendencies towards unfettered violence and violent vengeance. We highlight the phenomenon and function of sacred imagery used in martial arts with very different cultural, ethnic, and spiritual influences, specifically: Japanese Karate, Korean Taekwondo, Brazilian Capoeira and Mexican Xilam. For authenticity, each section is written by an experienced scholar-practitioner of the art and combines literary, empirical, and biographical reflection. Despite these variations, we identify two modalities of sacred imagery use. The first is representational imagery used as sacred signifiers which embed the art in a tradition of sacred attachment. The second form of sacred imagery is metaphorical discourse which is designed to invoke creative visualisations aligning practitioners with idealised experiential states taken to have sacred (as well as practical) value in relation to combat. We conclude that the use of sacred imagery in these ways becomes part of an affective body pedagogy used by the traditionalist martial arts to transfer valued knowledge through the corporeal medium to offset and sacralise violent tendencies. It is qualified that in practice, this sacralisation process involves complex entanglements of the cultural origins, practitioner interpretation and the contemporary context of the martial art in question. The outcome is an evolving sacralisation process which rests in constant tension with the underlying problems initiated by the ubiquitous body-in-conflict problem and the propensity for violence and violent vengeance that the learning of combative skills might otherwise unleash in the body and onto society.

This article identifies and analyses a catalogue of English loanwords from Italian merchant texts; specifically commercial letters (1392-1401) sent to employees in the service of the ‘merchant of Prato’, Francesco Datini, and his company. Research on loanwords in late medieval London has already shown a significant degree of linguistic exchange between Italy and England. The corpus studied here consists of seventy-eight letters published by Nicolini (2020) which are subjected to a linguistic analysis for the first time in the paper. Within the corpus, twenty-five English loanwords were identified, revealing a far greater degree of lexical exchange than what has previously been recorded in the literature. However, there were occurrences of loanword transfer where the etyma or direction of transfer was unclear and therefore not easily identifiable. Italian morphological changes of English loanwords include but are not limited to: adjectival and noun case marking, gemination, deletion of double consonants, apocope, and phonological reduction. The results provide insight into the extent of language and cultural exchange between local English speakers and Italian merchant immigrants in the period immediately preceding the Renaissance. Sul trasferimento di prestiti e fenomeni di scambio linguistico dall’inglese all’italiano, 1392-1401 In questo articolo si identifica e analizza un catalogo di prestiti inglesi da testi commerciali italiani; in particolare, lettere commerciali (1392-1401) inviate ai lavoratori al servizio del “mercante di Prato”, Francesco Datini, e alla sua società. Gli studi sui prestiti nella Londra del tardo medioevo hanno già mostrato una presenza significativa di scambi linguistici tra l’Italia e l’Inghilterra. Il corpus qui analizzato consiste di 78 lettere pubblicate da Nicolini (2020) e che, per la prima volta, in questo studio, sono oggetto di analisi linguistica. Nel corpus, sono stati individuati 25 prestiti inglesi che testimoniano un livello di scambio lessicale superiore a quanto registrato dalla precedente letteratura. Tuttavia, ci sono casi in cui l’etimo o la direzione dello scambio è dubbia e di conseguenza non facilmente identificabile. I cambiamenti morfologici dell’italiano applicati ai prestiti inglesi includono, tra i vari, anche i seguenti: la flessione aggettivale e nominale, il raddoppiamento, lo scempiamento delle consonanti doppie, l’apocope e la riduzione fonologica. I risultati offrono una prospettiva sulle proporzioni degli scambi linguistici e culturali tra nativi inglesi e mercanti italiani immigrati nel periodo immediatamente precedente il Rinascimento.

To enhance students’ environmental knowledge, art helps to transcend the classroom while incorporating academic content in multithemed lessons that integrate and meet academic standards. As Inwood remarks, this approach expands creativity and applies real world critical thinking skills to environmental problems, issues, and future sustainability. This study describes interdisciplinary instruction using environmental arts education, which encourages students to help community and local environments. The authors frame this experience for the youngsters by showing them how to create their own art so they can make immediate and personal connections to the natural environment. While participating in the educational lessons, students learn how their actions affect the environment, and through their own artistic contributions, they essentially become “environmental artists” who enrich the world at large. Students apply their understanding of these issues through self-directed learning experiences of the type described by Grava and Pole, and they discover direct connections between themselves, others, and the environment.

This article presents the findings from a two-year study of the Last Supper canvas in the Abbey of Tongerlo, Belgium, including a detailed review of its provenance as well as a multispectral study conducted by IMEC and IPARC. The study used a composite multidisciplinary approach, with traditional connoisseurship and literary research augmented by scientific examination, including IRR (Infrared Reflectography). The article argues that based on the available evidence, the Tongerlo Last Supper was produced in Leonardo’s Milanese workshop between 1507 and 1509, as a collaborative project involving the Leonardeschi Giampietrino, Andrea Solario, and Marco d’Oggiono under Leonardo’s supervision. Furthermore, the infrared spectography scans suggest that the face of John in the painting was painted by Leonardo himself.

Part One of a two-part introduction to a special feature on the 15-year run of horror TV series SUPERNATURAL by special feature editors Stacey Abbott and Simon Brown.

La formazione di una koinè si può considerare la caratteristica principale dello sviluppo della lingua lombarda dal Quattrocento al Cinquecento. Fino a che punto Milano influenzasse la koinè lombarda è tuttavia ancora una questione aperta. Da un lato, alcuni studiosi sostengono che Milano svolgeva un ruolo di forza centralizzatrice per la “milanesizzazione” degli altri volgari lombardi, in modo simile a quanto accadeva in Piemonte e in Veneto. Dall’altro, molti studi negano a Milano questo ruolo sulla koinè lombarda e ribadiscono l’importanza di verificare se il prestigio di Milano influenzava i volgari non-milanesi. Il presente saggio considera fino a che punto Milano influenzava la koinè nella Lombardia del Quattrocento. Si prendono in esame otto fenomeni linguistici, descritti precedentemente come esclusivi del pavese, per analizzare la loro presenza o assenza in un corpus di testi religiosi scritti nel Quattrocento dalla suora Elisabetta di Pavia, e per verificare se si possono identificare elementi linguistici milanesi. Si considerano aspetti della fonologia e della morfologia nelle memorie di Elisabetta per dimostrare la formazione di una lingua prekoinè. L’articolo suggerisce la necessità di ridimensionare il ruolo di Milano nella storia dei volgari della Lombardia, sottolineando invece l’importanza delle fonti non-letterarie per il nord Italia e l’importanza attribuita ai capoluoghi nei processi di koineizzazione.

I outline five issues in philosophy of colour that deserve greater attention and provide skeletal frameworks for how future work on these topics could be carried out. The issues are: colour and metaphilosophy (§1), colour and artistic practice (§2), colour and virtual/augmented reality (§3), colour and imagination (§4), and colour and the predictive mind (§5). Some of these issues have been a focus of important recent works. Thus, colour conjoined with each of metaphilosophy, artistic practice and imagination have all been examined in at least a few recent publications – see below for references. It is clear, however, that these recent works are signals that there is much still to be done. By contrast, while at present there is a great deal of interest in the predictive mind, the intersection of colour and the predictive mind is vastly underexplored. This is despite the fact that the philosophy and science of colour are rather developed disciplines. Finally, while there have been some very important recent works on virtual and augmented reality, the significance of colour for these studies has yet to be examined. It is my hope that after reading this article readers are convinced not only that the philosophy of colour has a rich, recent history, but also a very bright future.

It has been almost ten years since George A. Romero made Survival of the Dead, the final film in his series of living dead films, and now his final film. At that time, he had been working on the comics series, Empire of the Dead (2014-2015) for Marvel, and, most recently, was seeking funding for a new film, Road of the Dead, co-written with Matt Birman, who would direct. Romero made sixteen films in his nearly fifty-year career as an artist of the macabre and satirical. Even There’s Always Vanilla (1971), despite Romero’s attempt to take a career-varying left turn after his game-changing Night of the Living Dead (1968), weaves scenes of dread into its social satire. Though he worked with major studios on four films—Creepshow (1982, Warner Bros.), Monkey Shines (1988, Orion), The Dark Half (1990, Orion), and Land of the Dead (2005, Universal)—and on various other unproduced projects, Romero was an independent artist through and through. The work of a visionary is clear in all of his films, from the studio-supported work to hugely influential films like Night and Dawn of the Dead (1979), to his professedly most personal work, in films like Martin (1977, released 1978) and Knightriders (1981). Everywhere in the work of George Romero the spectator finds an artist with an acute sense of the anxieties of modernity; of the fragility of bodies, families and communities; of the terrible exigencies of capitalism and American isolationism, and the struggles of those alienated by both; and of the transgressive power of monsters to reveal uncomfortable truths—through horror, humor and pathos. George Andrew Romero died on 16 July, 2017 at the age of 77. This retrospective treats all sixteen of the films Romero directed, with a mention of those he scripted. The critical perspectives here vary from the personal to the theoretical. Contributors were encouraged to respond in the way that they felt most appropriate to the film they chose, and to their experience with it. Some respondents are seasoned Romero scholars and addicts, some are coming to the material via Stephen King or literary antecedents such as Edgar A. Poe and E.C. Comics, and some are coming to Romero’s work absolutely fresh. This retrospective honors a visionary who changed the face of horror; but, perhaps more importantly, it hopes to encourage further interest in the diverse work of an important American filmmaker who never stopped seeking new ways to force his audience to experience their moment. — Kristopher Woofter, editor

This article introduces a new witness to the Chronicle of John of Nikiu (EMML 7919). It analyses the text of this witness alongside the four previously known Ethiopic manuscripts of this work. The article considers the current state of research on the Chronicle of John of Nikiu, including an examination of the textual witnesses, the language of the original composition, and the biographical and historical information of the chronicler. The textual analysis of EMML 7919 demonstrates a strong relation with the text attested in ANL Conti Rossini 27, which suggests that EMML 7919 is highly valuable for the reconstruction of the Ethiopic version of the Chronicle of John of Nikiu. Finally, there is a catalogue entry for EMML 7919, which details the textual and codicological features of the manuscript.

La ciudad se ha convertido en la unidad de medida preferente para el estudio de la innovación, la transformación social y la acción política, también al nivel internacional. La arquitectura y el urbanismo, la comunicación y el liderazgo político, los movimientos sociales, los negocios y la economía, la transformación digital, la movilidad, el turismo de masas, el patrimonio, las políticas públicas, la expresión de identidades encuentran acomodo en los espacios urbanos. De hecho y de derecho, las ciudades desarrollan acciones de impacto transnacional y de consecuencias diplomáticas, políticas y comunicativas. La ciudad participa en la gestión de los asuntos internacionales donde procura impulsar su propia agenda política. Así, la ciudad es fuente de creatividad en la práctica de la comunicación internacional. Las ciudades que aspiran a ser globales han entendido que su valor reside en la capacidad de conjugar poder y población, dar continuidad a las políticas públicas y crear capital simbólico a través de las iniciativas directas y las experiencias mediadas por los medios de comunicación y cultura. Así se crea capital simbólico, que configura el imaginario de las ciudades globales.

Scientific inquiry is typically focused on particular questions about particular objects and properties. This leads to a multiplicity of models which, even when they draw on a single, consistent body of concepts and principles, often employ different methods and assumptions to model different systems. Pluralists have remarked on how scientists draw on different assumptions to model different systems, different aspects of systems and systems under different conditions and defended the value of distinct, incompatible models within science at any given time. (Cartwright, 1999; Chang, 2012) Paraconsistentists have proposed logical strategies to avoid trivialization when inconsistencies arise by a variety of means.(Batens, 2001; Brown, 1990; Brown, 2002) Here we examine how chunk and permeate, a simple approach to paraconsistent reasoning which avoids heterodox logic by confining commitments to separate contexts in which reasoning with them is taken to be reliable while allowing ‘permeation’ of some conclusions into other contexts, can help to systematize pluralistic reasoning across the boundaries of plural contexts, using regional climate models as an example.(Benham et al., 2014; Brown & Priest 2004, 2015) The result is a kind of unity for science—but a unity achieved by the constrained exchange of specified information between different contexts, rather than the closure of all commitments under some paraconsistent consequence relation.

Increasingly, governments are adopting alternative strategies to mass incarceration and drawing on the rhetoric of community to create softer and less restrictive sanctions. This paper argues that this transition provides an opportunity for geographers concerned with incarceration to consider a more expansive understanding of the carceral state. To call for a more geographically expansive consideration of incarceration, this paper draws upon a study of one juvenile court that sought to end racialized over-incarceration by promoting a "community orientation". As a consequence, juvenile detention now acts as a single node in a broader process of sorting, placing, and punishing, but the carceral aspects of juvenile court involvement did not lessen. Instead, the community orientation encapsulated a range of practices that are traditionally outside the state, yet extended the power of the state over a broad geography that resulted in the coerced mobility of children and subjection to greater insecurity. By tracing how the carceral apparatus extends into neighborhoods, community programs, probation practices, and residential placement, I argue that paying more attention to variegated carceral practices is necessary to more fully consider how incarceration has permeated places outside the prison.

Eighteenth-century chroniclers of Mexico City often marveled at the sheer scale and variety of its commerce, most notable in the bustling plaza mayor. Yet these activities testified to what elites saw as the troubling intersection of the city’s formal and informal economies. Petty vendors, in particular, occupied a liminal position that blurred social and racial boundaries and challenged the state’s policing powers. They could not readily be monitored or fixed in place. Illicit behaviors regularly challenged, undermined, and invaded the formal economy, but also provided its indispensable counterpart, frustrating government attempts at regulation.

In addition to the problems facing all translators – how closely should the translation follow the original and how up-to-date should it be –, Guicciardini presents special problems through his avant-guard use of Italian to discuss the concepts of classical republicanism and through his demotic use of colloquialisms. To ignore them or to adjust them to fit accepted political concepts is to ignore the radicalism that underlies his homely metaphors, which – I argue – provide a novel, flexible and non-normative vocabulary of power.

Resumen: La actual crisis financiera desde finales de 2008 ha devuelto a la actualidad las propuestas de Keynes, incluida la propuesta de crear una moneda internacional (Bancor). El artículo reflexiona sobre algunas de estas medidas, la eficacia de las políticas monetarias, la creciente desigualdad de los ingresos, el nuevo papel de los bancos, las estrategias políticas de los gobiernos ante la crisis y las oportunidades para combinar la recuperación con medidas que favorezcan un desarrollo más sostenible.Abstract: Since late 2008, together with the current financial crisis we can see a return of the Keynes’s proposals, including the proposal to create an international currency (Bancor). This paper reflects on some of these measures, the effectiveness of monetary policies, the growing income inequality, the new role of banks, political strategies of governments to address the crisis and the opportunities for combining the economical recovery with measures to promote a more sustainable development.

The history of mechanics has been extensively investigated in a number of historical works. The full story from the Greeks and medievals through the Scientific Revolution to the modern era is long and complex. But it is also incomplete. Studies to date have been admirably thorough in putting empirical discoveries into proper perspective and in making clear the great importance of mathematical innovations. But there has been surprisingly little regard for the role of thought experiments in the development of mechanics. We attempt to rectify this, at least in part. After a brief account of Greek ideas of space and motion, we focus on late medieval and early modern physics, especially the development of inertial motion. In particular, we examine the thought experiments of Buridan, Oresme, and Galileo, which did so much to undermine Aristotle’s account of motion and lead the way to the modern concept of inertia.

In this paper we will discuss some of the connections between flocks of quadratic cones, ovoids of PG(3, q) and generalized quadrangles.

L'articolo è un contributo ad una serie di ricordi e riflessioni sulle esperienze professionali di illustri economisti cominciati con Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review nel 1979. In esso Henry Phelps Brown guarda indietro a riflettere sulla professione di economia .. The paper is a contribution to a series of recollections and reflections on the professional experiences of distinguished economists which the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review started in 1979. In it Henry Phelps Brown looks back to reflect on the profession of economics. JEL: B31, A10

Studies of the polities of the British Isles in the later middle ages have tended to deal with the individual lands or to place the English kingdom at the centre of discussions. However, in terms of their size and internal character there are good reasons for considering the Scottish kingdom and the lordship of Ireland as models of political society. Beneath the significant differences of status, law and external relationships, around 1400 the two lands can be regarded as sharing common experiences of government and internal warfare. These are most apparent from a regional perspective. Both Ireland and Scotland operated as regionalised polities in which the interests of major aristocratic houses predominated. The importance of such houses was recognised both internally and by the royal government. By looking at parallel regions, Munster and north-east Scotland, it is possible to identify comparable features and long-term differences between these societies.

Este artículo, dividido en dos partes, contiene los resultados de nuestras investigaciones exegéticas sobre el Evangelio místico de san Marcos. En la primera parte se analiza el único pasaje conservado del Evangelio místico de san Marcos, una versión breve y misteriosa de la resurrección de Lázaro que acaba mencionando una instrucción vespertina. Consideramos que el mejor modo de determinar su significado y origen consiste en estudiar cómo operaba en relación a su contexto literario, entendiéndolo como un episodio dentro del capítulo décimo del Evangelio de san Marcos. En la segunda parte, examinaremos qué puede decir la propia Epístola a Teodoro sobre este evangelio y la finalidad que tuvo en la Iglesia de la antigua Alejandría.

The region comprising North Africa and the Middle East is the driest in the world. Thus conflicts over water have been a part of the landscape. These conflicts over water are invariably seen as a zero sum game; such a view does not incorporate the notion that water is an economic good and is therefore scarce. Given the limitation of competitive markets, optimal water allocation could only but help. However, even if one country allocates water efficiently within its own territory, its allocation could be sub-optimal if water interdependencies with other countries are not incorporated in a regional optimization model. The World Bank is in the best position to adopt a regional optimization model and thus ameliorate water conditions in the Middle East and in other regions around the world. JEL Codes: Q25, Q28, Q15, Q13 Keywords: Water

Considerações de Mark Brown sobre o papel do corpo do intérprete no Teatr Piesn Kozla

Artigo sobre o Teatro Nacional da Escócia e a recepção crítica ao espectáculo Black Watch (2006).

This paper first reviews key concepts in language testing and discusses the use of the English Language Placement Test administered at the Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro to computer science students, who are required t o take one of the two ESP courses offered by the English program. The analysis of the scores on two versions of a test administered to two different groups of computer science students who took the examination in sequential semesters is presented. For the original test, it em facility and it em discrimination were calculated, then overall test reliability was estimated. The statistics were carefully examined and a number of t he test items were eliminated, revamped or replaced in creating a revised version of the test. This modified and improved version of the test was then administered to a second group of students and the same statistics were applied once more. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of item analysis and revision for providing more consistent and accurate language testing instruments.

Since late 2008, together with the current financial crisis we can see a return of the Keynes’s proposals, including the proposal to create an international currency (Bancor). This paper reflects on some of these measures, the effectiveness of monetary policies, the growing income inequality, the new role of banks, political strategies of governments to address the crisis and the opportunities for combining the economical recovery with measures to promote a more sustainable development..

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A conceptual model of landslide-induced denudation for coastal mountain watersheds spanning 10,000 years of environmental change is presented. The model uses a constructed paleo-climate based on vegetation records and an established relationship between landslide frequencies and precipitation. Landslide frequencies are determined for the early warm dry Holocene, the warm wet middle Holocene and modern climates. Average landslide rates vary between 0.005 landslides·y-1·km-2 and 0.008 landslides·y-1·km-2. Recent human impacts are calculated by recalculating landslide frequencies for logged areas in the 20th century. The impact of logging during the last 100 years is unambiguous as landslide frequency increased to 0.015 landslides·y-1·km-2. This suggests that the impact of logging outpaces that of climatic change. It is estimated that debris slides and flows eroded an average of 0.7 m·m-2 across Vancouver Island during the last 10,000 years.

While Weber implicates the body in his descriptions of charismatic qualities and actions it is surprisingly underdeveloped in his own work on the sociology of religion. However, perhaps more surprising is that, while a range of classic sociological theory has been considerably recast in light of the generally agreed 'reemergence of the body' in sociological thinking over the past two decades, the concept of charisma has, been largely neglected. This paper starts to redress these lacunae by revisiting several key characteristics of Weber's sociology of charisma that strongly imply embodiment. It argues that an embodied perspective of charisma is a significant channel of inter-corporeal communication through which (religious) leadership and forms of continuity and change are Enacted and maintained over time. In illustrating this argument the paper draws on empirical illustrations taken from the examples of Jigoro Kano (1860-1938: Founder of Judo), Morihei Ueshiba: 1883-1969: Founder of Aikido) and Bruce Lee (1940-1973: Founder of Jeet Kune Do). These have been selected for the varied insights each has to offer the idea of embodied charisma. In conclusion the paper reflects on how a more developed idea of embodied charisma might be useful in providing a renewed focus for the sociological study of established, new and also what we refer to as emerging 'secular' religions of which martial culture is a prime example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]