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In previous studies, the mean geothermal gradient of the Tlemcen region has been estimated as low (3.7°C/100m). The existing boreholes in the Remchi plain (North of the Tlemcen Mountains) reveal thermal waters (26-48°C) and a remarkable artesianism. To understand the hydrodynamics and origin of thermalism of this groundwater, we merged geophysical and physical-chemical data. Geophysical data allowed us to improve the resolution of the fault network, to estimate the thickness of various sandstone beds connected with the thermal reservoir and to delimit the productive aquifer. Chemical characteristics of waters have been used for a statistical analysis, which displayed two independent water clusters resulting from two hydrodynamic patterns throughout the aquifer. The hydrothermal analysis identifies the depth reached by water and the relationship between water circulation and the fault network. Comparison with previous studies allowed us to build a schematic geological model, which explains hydrodynamics, origin and role of this structure in the groundwater flow.

Imagery and Morphology of the Ex-votos Painted in Provence and in Italy. A database of four thousand painted ex-votos from Provence and ten thousand from Italy are the basis of the study that the two authors have been carrying out for over forty years with a quantitative and qualitative approach. A historical, sociological, semiological and morphological picture emerges that delivers to the reader the cultural models that are conveyed through social representations and the imagery of painted votive tablets. We are talking about a format that, born in the wealthiest classes about five centuries ago, has maintained the initial principles of composition and has spread becoming an integral part of popular material culture, without solution of continuity. The ex-votos show the strategies that men and women have adopted to survive, persist and replicate themselves, as biological and cultural entities.

Cet article soulève un enjeu et argumente son importance dans les processus d’apprentissage des sciences: les élèves sont confronté·e·s à une diversité de registres sémiotiques (langue vernaculaire, mathématique, schémas, etc.) qu’il leur incombe de coordonner. Cette tâche peut induire des situations de malentendu, comme nous tenterons de le montrer à l’aide de l’analyse a priori de quelques exemples issus des pratiques et manuels d’enseignement. Cette hypothèse est ensuite mise à l’épreuve d’une recherche collaborative, par l’intermédiaire de la conception d’un dispositif d’enseignement mi-fini centré sur l’introduction de pratiques de modélisation par les élèves au niveau secondaire II en Suisse. Cet article ne présente qu’un extrait illustratif des résultats, en raison de la complexité des exemples et de la place limitée à ce type de publication. L’analyse présentée permet d’illustrer la pertinence de l’enjeu identifié lors des analyses a priori pour l’apprentissage de la physique, et invite à une utilisation plus délibérée et plus explicite de la coordination des registres sémiotiques dans la construction du milieu didactique lors de l’enseignement des sciences.

Wetlands contribute significantly to biodiversity and water resources supports. They have been deteriorated for fifty years, mainly due to human pressures, altering their functions. In order to carry out effective actions of protection and restoration, it is necessary to perform an inventory of these areas not only on specific sites of a few hectares but on entire watersheds. The objective of this article is to present a geomatics approach that was developed to delineate and characterize these environments characterized by high spatial and temporal dynamics on an entire watershed. We propose a new multiscalar approach based on remote sensing tools and spatial analysis. This approach was applied here on a sub-watershed of the Dordogne river basin of 650 km²(France) in order to, on the one hand, comprehensively and uniformly define wetlands and, on the other hand, map hydrologic, biogeochemical and ecological functions at the scale of management units. The results show that it can be a useful awareness and decision support tool for environmental planning and resource management.

The purpose of this article is to show how the concepts and the methods of FSP can be applied to the diachronic study. By leaning on a corpus of Old French and Middle French texts, we observe at first the specificity of the communicative dynamism and the passage of Old French system, which gives the priority to the identification of the theme, to Middle French, which takes into account the degrees of rhematic phrases. The diverse thematic progressions and, in particular, the emergence, during Middle French are then studied, progressions with derived themes, connected to the expression of the background. Changes which affect constituent order, in particular the change of status of V2 order, are then put in connection with textual evolutions.