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A laughter that will bury you: the morality of plant-based meat irony When plant-based meats enter the foodscape, they face the challenge of how to communicate their nature and function to consumers: one strategy for navigating the tension between portraying conventional meat as something to be replaced and affirming their unique meaty tastiness is through ironic claims and performances. This paper seeks to analyse the moral stance of irony in plant-based meat advertisements, specifically when this irony involves the death of animals. Firstly, it presents an argument showing that, from the standpoint of veganism, ironising about animals’ death can be a moral wrong. Secondly, by relying on an interpretation of irony that leverages its potential for subverting and criticising hegemonic viewpoints, it is shown that this kind of irony can serve as a form of resistance aimed at dismantling the pervasive indifference towards the killing of animals for producing meat.

Abstract (it) Facendo dialogare Sayad con altrɜ autorɜ, quest’articolo propone il concetto di presentificazione intendendolo come un uso politico del tempo da parte degli Stati-nazione, funzionale all’assoggettamento delle persone. Le politiche confinarie europee, infatti, pongono le soggettività migranti in regimi di incertezza legale e precarietà temporale, utilizzando il tempo come un’arma per astrarle dalla Storia, collocandole in un presente reiterato. La presentificazione produce assenza dal campo storico, mentre le persone tentano di farsi presenza. Questa condizione viene infatti sfidata dalle soggettività migranti, che provano a riappropriarsi del proprio tempo, attivando processi di soggettivazione, emergenti dalle pieghe dei regimi di assoggettamento. Il “provvisorio che dura” produce qualcosa laddove si fa presenza attraverso forme di attivazione politica che interrompono la ricorsività prodotta dai regimi di frontiera. Questo articolo muove quindi dalla dialettica tra campi di forza all’interno dei quali si gioca la partita del soggetto: da una parte, presentificazione e individuazione, dall’altra soggettivazione e storicizzazione.

When investigating the nature of culinary works, it is easy to take for granted that they all share the same ontology. This paper argues that, on the contrary, the ontology of culinary works is really threefold. Some culinary works are edible concrete particulars, or dishes, as many of us may first assume. But others are types, or multiply realisable abstract entities. And, while some of these types are determined by one recipe, others are rather chased after by their indefinitely many recipes. So, there are really three kinds of culinary works; only those belonging to one of the three are edible per se; and, each kind has a very different relationship to recipes. Indeed, it is very doubtful that culinary works consisting in edible concrete particulars are suitable to have one or more recipes: by exploring what are the requirements for being a recipe, the paper also examines under what necessary conditions there is a recipe for preparing a culinary work qua concrete particular.

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We propose to examine the twenty years-old policy in urban rehabilitation, carried within the Emilia-Romagna region. The argument is very complex, the reconstruct of its unesasy results requires to be reconstructed comparing law documents, effectiveness of public and local offices action and, finally, the real quality of urban transformations obtained. Rehabilitation programs were supposed to treat critical situation of urban decay, with a double purpose: an internal environmental renewal (able to recover tissues and architectural quality) and a strategy aimed to establish a wider range of urban relationships. Despite all these virtuous intentions, what we have really obtained from this experience is a set of urban projects which, in most cases, have obtained results that have further jeopardized situations they were expected to heal.

Il trattamento della trombosi della FAV con vasi nativi, che è la causa più frequente della perdita dell'accesso vascolare, può avvalersi di diverse tecniche: trombolisi farmacologica, trombolisi meccanica e trombectomia chirurgica, cui associare la correzione della stenosi che ha provocato la trombosi. La trombolisi diretta mediante cateterismo endovascolare con o senza tombolisi meccanica sta diventando la terapia di prima scelta. La tombolisi accelerata microsonica (TAM) è un trattamento endovascolare innovativo: grazie all'emissione di ultrasuoni da parte di un catetere multilume che rilascia contemporaneamente il fibrinolitico all'interno del trombo, la TAM è più rapida, più efficace e più sicura rispetto alla sola fibrinolisi e, rispetto alla tombolisi meccanica, non è traumatica, ha un bassissimo rischio di embolizzazione e non provoca emolisi. La TAM, da poco impiegata nelle trombosi acute arteriose e venose profonde e nelle tromboembolie polmonari massive, è stata da noi utilizzata per la prima volta per trattare la trombosi acuta di una FAV radio-cefalica estesa all'intero circolo venoso superficiale dell'avambraccio per una lunghezza complessiva di 20 cm. La TAM è risultata una tecnica semplice, ben tollerata e mini-invasiva che ha reso utilizzabile la FAV subito dopo la tombolisi. Dopo 15 mesi, la FAV è pervia e funziona bene.

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The authors describe a rare form of pseudotumor of the muscle tissue of an inflammatory nature with an unknown etiology that occurred in a boy aged 13 years, characterized by the occurrence of rapidly-developing swelling, no pain symptoms, with degeneration of the myofibers, evident eosinophilia and lymphomonoplasmacellular infiltrate. Surgical excision of the lesion is the treatment of choice.

Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is actually considered an essential diagnostic and therapeutic technique both in pediatrician and in newborn infants. At the moment upper GI endoscopy in neonatal age allows to explore the esophagus, stomach and duodenum; instead lower GI endoscopy easily reaches sigmoid-colon junction. The exploration of other distal parts of bowel is more difficult and with more risks. Therefore it has to be make only if it is necessary. In the newborn this exam should be so fast not to require premedication. In our study, we considered every neonatal patient who underwent GI endoscopy at the "Digestive Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Service of Pediatric Clinic-University of Parma" (from September 1983 to June 2000). We considered two groups of patients: first group: early neonatal age (0-14 days) second group: late neonatal age (15-28 days). We made 127 endoscopies: 112 of these were upper GI. The most frequent symptoms that babies showed and indicated upper GI endoscopy were reflux and/or vomiting (86%). Upper operative GI endoscopies included also 7 esophageal dilatations. The lower GI endoscopies were 15 and in all the cases the indication was intestinal bleeding. We conclude that the GI endoscopy in the neonates shows a diagnostic sensibility and specificity really high and for sure better than the radiology for mucosal lesions. Also GI endoscopy can be not only a very precious diagnostic instrument but also therapeutic in neonatal disease. Considering the age of the little patients, it is very important that only endoscopists with large experience use this technique.

Also in the pediatric population the digestive endoscopy became, at this point, a very good diagnostic and operative technique largement used. The endoscopy can explore the upper gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, duodenum and jejunum) and can investigate the colon and the terminal ileum regarding the lower gastrointestinal tract. Principally, the operative endoscopy concerns emostasis of gastrointestinal bleeding, polipectomy, extraction of foreign bodies, and intestinal dilatations. The patients population submitted to this investigation by now is very wide thanks to the modernization of the instruments and at specialization of gastroenterologist pediatricians: range from newborn, to childhood, adolescence and young adults. The gastroenterologist pediatricians specialization associated to a routine use of amnemonic drugs (benzodiazepine) reduced at the minimum the invasivity of endoscopy; this technique can be considered a good safe procedure and free of important physical and psychic side effects for the young patient.

With the purpose of clarifying the limits of resection surgery (en bloc excision) for the treatment of bone tumors of the spine, the authors report the indications and results of 43 operations. This series was homogeneous in terms of oncological and surgical staging, as well as with regard to surgical method used and anaesthesiology. Three different types of surgery were performed: en bloc resection of tumors of the body (sectors 5-9 or 4-8 depending on the WBB staging system), of the posterior arch (sectors 10-3) or characterized by eccentric growth (sectors 2-5 or 8-11). The surgical margins were histologically studied in all of the cases: based on the evaluation and on histological diagnosis further chemo- and/or radiation therapy were decided on. Long-term follow-up was obtained for all of the cases (from 6 to 153 months, mean 30 months; 26 cases followed for more than 24 months). Six of the patients died as a result of the disease from 10 to 28 months after resection. There were 4 local recurrences, 4 pulmonary metastases, and 5 metastatic disseminations to the skeleton and to other tissues observed in 11 patients. At final follow-up 33 patients (77%) were thus disease-free (32 continually), in excellent condition, and capable of living a normal life. Complications and treatment are also reported. A careful study of the neoplasm, an appropriate selection of the patients based on diagnosis and histological staging, a knowledge of the natural progression of bone neoplasms and of the surgical anatomy of the vertebral column, the application of suitable measures of anaesthesiological control, allow for a correct cost/benefit evaluation of this type of surgery as compared to oncological methods that are less effective but more diffused. On the basis of these considerations indications for en bloc resection in tumors of the spine are defined.

Liposarcomas are one of the most common soft tissue malignant tumors; they can be differentiated in four histologic subtypes: well-differentiated, myxoid, round cell and pleomorphic liposarcomas. The search of differential CT and MR patterns to better classify the lesions in the proper histologic subtype is justified by the different histologic features, clinical course and especially prognosis, of every lesion subtype. From 1990 to 1995, 50 liposarcoma patients were examined preoperatively with CT and MRI in our Institute of Radiology. We found 7 well-differentiated liposarcomas (14%), twenty myxoid liposarcomas (40%), ten round cell liposarcomas (20%) and, finally, 13 pleomorphic liposarcomas (26%). The thigh was the most common tumor site (60%). The following parameters were considered: lesion margins, tissue homogeneity, fat tissue ratio and the presence of calcifications. Well-differentiated liposarcomas presented well-defined and regular margins (72%), mildly heterogeneous appearance (44%) and more than 75% fat tissue (72%). Myxoid liposarcomas presented well-defined and regular margins (65%), heterogeneous appearance (65%) and less than 25% fat tissue (95%). The diagnosis of myxoid liposarcoma can be made in the presence of myxoid tissue, which has very low CT attenuation values and mildly hypointense signal on T1-weighted and progressively hyperintense signal on T2-weighted MR images. Round cell and pleomorphic liposarcomas are high-grade malignancies and they cannot be distinguished from other malignant soft tissue lesions. In these cases, the diagnosis can be made only at histology.

In order to study the interaction between the laser and biological tissues, we realized an experimental "in vivo" model using 12 Wistar male adult rats (mean b.w. 300 gr.). On the animals, during general anesthesia and after an accurate shearing of the back, we performed a cutaneous lozenge in order to value the characteristics and the possibilities of a last generation laser. It concerns of a CO2 laser (EASY LASER SP5, CLASS IV F.D.A.) with the possibility of employing of different variables. During this study were evaluated the most interesting variables: frequency, power and duty cycle. Among the variables we identified the frequency of the application range of the superpulse effect and the selective photothermolysis. The histological and morphological studies performed on the cutaneous specimens after laser treatment, showed that the correct application of this kind of laser can be an effective help for the surgeon during clinical practice.

A morphological study was conducted on disc material obtained during surgical discectomy in 20 patients. The series was divided into 4 groups. Group I: 3 patients who had never been operated on before; group II: 3 patients who had already been submitted to discectomy but at a level which differed from that of the disc examined; group III: 4 patients treated surgically for contralateral herniation; group IV: 10 patients with true recurrent disc herniation, that is, already submitted to surgery for the treatment of homolateral herniation of the same disc. All of the cases submitted to surgery had been operated on more than a year previously. Moreover, the disc material obtained during autopsy in a patient operated 15 years before for disc herniation was studied. A morphological study of the cases and the data reported in the literature reveals that the fibrocartilaginous tissue of recurrences differs from that of primary herniation because of the presence of large collagen bundles associated with fibrillar framework. This aspect suggests the hypothesis that is also supported by the autoptic material examined that recurrent disc herniation is formed by repair tissue that substitutes the part of the disc that is operated on, and that recurrent herniation is caused by mechanical collapse of the repair tissue. From a surgical point of view, a distinction may be made in terms of early recurrences, which appear within one year of surgery and are formed by disc tissue which is identical to that of primary herniation, and late recurrences, the subject of this morphological study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Many parameters contribute to surgical infections. Of these, surgical sutures with their chemical and physical characteristics like tissue and cell reaction degree and bacterial adhesion, play an important role. Cell vitality, bacterial adhesion, cell reaction degree were tested "in vitro" and tissue reaction with an "in vivo" model on: plain catgut, silk, polyglycolic acid, polyglactin 910, polyglyconate, polypropylene and nylon. Vitality cell test did not reveal any cytotoxicity; bacterial adhesion showed a lower adhesion degree to synthetic materials; cell reaction showed an increase in soluble receptor (sIL 2R) values in all materials except catgut. Tissue reaction was higher for resorbable sutures, and lower for nylon. These results suggest that special attention should be paid to the choice of suture materials.

The aim of the present report is to describe the overall mandibular and extramandibular lesions correlated to Gardner's syndrome which were found in the same family (mother and two daughters). In two cases (mother and one daughter) mandibular lesions consisted of osteoma. In the latter, these were associated with composite odontoma. In the other daughter the lesions consisted of desmoid fibroma. The two daughters revealed single colonic polyposis whereas the mother was affected by multiple colonic polyposis and subcutaneous lipoma. Such a constellation of lesions may be attributed to Gardner's syndrome, a Mendelian hereditary syndrome which is often incomplete. In fact, intestinal polyposis can only be associated with one of the various extraintestinal manifestations of the syndrome. The recognition of the syndrome is important given the high percentage of intestinal polyp-adenocarcinoma associations.

The clinical study of encephalic ependymoma shows that cases present with polymorphous clinical pictures depending on intra and/or periventricular tumoural growth, generally such as to hinder precise diagnosis during life, unless under direct control, or, currently, using computerized axial tomography. The reported case, completed by macro and microscopic autoptic study, takes on particular importance because the neoplasia involved all encephalic ventricular cavities. This exceptional localisation and extension, only gave an aspecific clinical picture, dominated by the presence of a slight internal communicating type hydrocephalus and immediate general convulsive signs.

The authors retrospectively reviewed the ultrasonographic findings of 48 histologically confirmed testicular neoplasms in order to analyse the echomorphologic findings and identify any typical patterns. A wide spectrum of US features was observed for testicular tumors, corresponding to the different macromorphologic parenchymal textures of the various neoplasms. US was extremely useful for differentiating testicular tumors from non-neoplastic scrotal pathologies. US could neither distinguish the only benign lesion nor classify histologically malignant neoplasms. US was 100% accurate in the evaluation of testicular tumors, and allowed the identification of frequent typical patterns in some types of neoplasms.