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(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(2), 931-957 | Article | (Table of Contents) I. Informality and the EU external action on migration and asylum. – I.1. Informalisation and cooperation on the readmission. – I.2. Growing interest in informalisation: a literature review. – II. Informalisation, soft law and soft agreements: key concepts and definitions in the readmission policy field. – II.1. Understanding formal and informal readmission agreements. – II.2. Informality in readmission agreements. – II.3. Functions of soft law in EU readmission policy. – II.4. Main features of informal readmission agreements. – III. The intersection between EU readmission policy and the informalisation trend. – III.1. Lack of conditions leading to hard law. – III.2. The quest for effectiveness in return policy. – IV. Informalisation and conditionality. – V. The disregard for human rights in readmission cooperation. – V.1. Readmitting failed asylum seekers to their war-torn country of origin. – V.2. Pushing back asylum seekers to a third country deemed “safe”. – VI. Conclusion: Eclipsing human rights protection under informal agreements. | (Abstract) The informalisation trend in EU migration law-making is seen most often in EU readmission policy. Informal readmission agreements and multi-purpose agreements which include readmission objectives have multiplied with new third countries involved in the EU external relations on migration, beyond the EU Neighbourhood. In discussing the legal nature of informal agreements, this Article focuses on two main issues. First, the interplay between informal agreements and conditionality, with positive conditionality replaced by negative conditionality in a blind search for effectiveness in the EU return policy. Second, the use of informal agreements to return or push back asylum seekers are the epitome of the EU externalisation strategy. While informality is part and parcel of the EU readmission policy, increasing informalisation has significant unintended long-term effects, both for the European Union as an international organisation with law-making capacity, and for individuals in a field of law – migration – where human rights should be protected rather than frustrated.

La pirateria musicale come sogno (e incubo dell’industria musicale)

Despite the great development that scientific studies on the Napoleonic cartography of Italy have had since the 1980s, we are still far from having an overview like the ‘interpretative’ Atlas designed twenty years ago by Anne Godlewska.This study aims to contribute to a first, non-exhaustive, list of the main cartographic campaigns carried out in Italy by French military geographers during the wars of French Revolution and Empire. The reader is invited to consider the particular aims and style of the new Italian cartography produced by the French Dépôt général de la Guerre as well as by the topographic offices of Milan and Naples.

Background and aim. Despite the availability of a vaccine,measles continues to be endemic in Italy, where an increase of cases was reported during 2016. This study describes the measles outbreaks in Emilia-Romagna Region (ERR), one of the Italian regions mostly affected. Materials and Methods. A total of 101 suspected cases were reported in ERR during 2016. Laboratory diagnosis by serological and/or molecular methods was performed on 142 specimens (78 urine, 19 oral fluid and 45 sera) related to 97 suspected cases. For positive cases, measles virus (MV) strains involved were identified. Results. Among 101 suspected cases, 72 (71.3%) were confirmed. Vaccination status was known for 61 (84.7%) cases, of which 56 (91.8%) were unvaccinated. The highest incidence was found in the age group 15-39 years. In addition, for the 34.7% (25/72) of confirmed cases, the transmission occurred in nosocomial settings, where healthcare workers were involved (60% of cases). Roma/Sinti population were also involved in 12.5% (9/72)or confirmed cases. Both groups are considered hard-to-reach for immunization. The phylogenetic analysis showed circulation of MV strains belonging to genotype B3 and D8 in 45 (80.4%) and 11 cases (19.6%), respectively. In 94.7% of cases, the measles endemic transmission was demonstrated. Conclusions. This data obtained through active surveillance showed the endemic transmission of MV within a population with immunity gaps including healthcare workers (20.8% of confirmed cases), among which the spread of two endemic MV strains was observed.

El presente texto hace un recorrido por el pensamiento de Pierre de Coubertin, destacando su papel como pedagogo y la importancia de las raíces del mundo clásico en su obra. Se incide en su entusiasmo por el modelo pedagógico anglosajón y la incomprensión de lo que para él suponía el verdadero significado del Olimpismo. Por último, se hace referencia a la atención ‘estética’ que el barón otorga al cuerpo. Abstract: This text takes us through the thought of Pierre de Coubertin, highlighting its role as educator and the importance of the roots of the classical world in his work. It explains his enthusiasm for the Anglo-Saxon pedagogical model and the misunderstanding of, what he considered, the true meaning of Olympism. Finally, it is pointed out the 'aesthetic' attention that the Baron gives to body.

Forthcoming.

This article tries to highlight how narrative and an attempt writing-essay cross each other and contaminate La città distratta (1999) by Anthonio Pascale and Qualcosa di scritto (2012) by Emanuele Trevi, sometimes with aesthetically disputable results. To focus on this interaction, the reported study looks closely at the overall structure of the two books, the narrative techniques adopted, the rhetorical choices and the possible role played by the paratextual components. On several occasions the article also uses comparisons with other works of the two considered authors. La città distratta by Pascale can therefore be described as a narrative essay. The plot and the characters' construction are sacrificed to prove a point which consists of going through the anthropology field so as to embrace a reflective posture. Although the book cover discloses the label "novel", in Qualcosa di scritto writing style Emanuele Trevi is driven by a will to meditate, argue and write pages of criticism concerning the last Pasolini's works.

Review of Giovani. Vita e scrittura tra fascismo e dopoguerra by Daniela Brogi.