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From 1981 to 1990, 1003 stage I-II breast cancers underwent surgery at the Division of Surgical Oncology of National Institute for Cancer Research of Genoa. This study described the clinical and pathologic features of these breast cancers. Radical mastectomy was performed in 73.8% of cases and conservative surgery in 26.2% of cases. In the last years the number of conservative treatment has increased. Related to size of tumour, in 1991 80.4% of pT1 performed a conservative surgery. The choice of type of surgery for pT2 tumours depended on the choice of patient and the ratio breast size and tumour size. The five-year overall survival was 85.8% in the group of conservative surgery and 65.3% in the group of radical surgery. The overall survival and relapse free survival have been calculated by Kaplan-Meyer method. Actuarial survival curves were computed according to type of surgery, tumor size, nodal status, hormonal receptors. In our experience the size of tumour was an important prognostic factor. The five years, overall survival was 80.7% in pT1 tumours and 67% in pT2-pT3 tumours (p = 10(-6)). The five-year overall survival in negative nodes patients was 80.5%. Conversely in patients with more than ten nodal metastases was 29.5%. The data reported in the present study were no different as in previous studies.

The literature on carcinomas of the oral cavity shows general agreement that alcohol and smoking are risk factors. Only a few authors blame poor hygiene. The retrospective survey conducted in Genoa aimed to evaluate the relative importance of these risk factors, by means of a case-controlled study linking a specific risk factor to a specific condition. 98 histologically confirmed cases were hospitalised in 1979-80. A similar survey was conducted on a control group. Smoking and alcohol, often both together, were found to be the most significant aetiopathogenetic risk factors in the oncological pathology of the oral cavity.