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Since the rise of mainframe computing, literary authors and critics alike have expressed anxiety about the computer’s ability to write narrative prose and poetry as well as or better than humans. With the recent emergence of publicly accessible AI authoring platforms such as ChatGPT these fears may appear to have been well-founded. In this article I will situate contemporary digital literary practices of reading, writing, rewriting, and performing computer-generated variable texts within broader social and historical contexts. Experimentation with generative, permutational, and combinatory text began long before digital computers came into being. How and why does experimentation with generative or in other ways variable text emerge within certain human and machinic generations? How do our attempts to make writing machines help us understand how we write ourselves?

This study uses fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) to investigate the brain activity in a set of cortical areas in the task of main idea identification, when the topic sentence was presented in first versus in last position in a three-sentence paragraph. The participants were eight right-handed undergraduate students from Carnegie Mellon University, six male and 2 female, all native speakers of English. Each participant read twelve paragraphs, six in which the topic sentence was paragraph initial and six in which it was paragraph final, and each paragraph was presented word by word in the center of a screen, inside the scanner. The major finding of the current study is the differential response observed in the left and right hemispheres as to the location of the topic sentence within the paragraph. The left temporal region showed greater activation when the topic sentence was in final position than in initial position. The right temporal region, on the other hand, was affected only by sentence type, showing a greater response to topic sentences than support sentences, regardless of their location within the paragraph.Este estudo utiliza a ressonância magnética funcional para investigar a atividade cerebral em áreas corticais durante a execução da tarefa de extração de idéias principais, quando a idéia principal é apresentada no início ou ao final de um parágrafo com três orações. Os participantes da pesquisa foram oito alunos de graduação da Universidade de Carnegie Mellon, todos destros, falantes nativos do inglês. Cada participante leu doze parágrafos, seis com a idéia principal no início e seis com a idéia principal no final do parágrafo, e cada parágrafo foi apresentado palavra por palavra, no centro de uma tela, dentro do aparelho de ressonância magnética. O maior achado do presente estudo refere-se à resposta diferenciada observada nos hemisférios direito e esquerdo. A região temporal esquerda mostrou maior atividade cerebral quando a idéia principal era apresentada em posição final do que em posição inicial. A região temporal direita, por sua vez, só foi afetada pelo tipo de oração, mostrando uma maior atividade durante o processamento da idéia principal do que das idéias secundárias, independente da sua posição no parágrafo, inicial ou final.

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Little is known about Vegetius, who wrote the military handbook Epitoma Rei Militaris (RM), most likely for Emperor Theodosius I during the late 3rd or early 4th century CE. His manuscript is extensive, examining a wide array of military practices and norms that a proper Roman army should follow. The RM covers specific tasks and responsibilities of a general, which Vegetius appears to have drawn from earlier Roman writers, mainly those from the late Republic and early Principate. Comparing Vegetius’s writings to those of Julius Caesar, specifically to Caesar’s own narrative of his actions in Book I of De Bello Gallico (BG), provides insight into how Roman ideals of good military leadership progressed through centuries of history. This paper argues that Caesar does exhibit proper generalship according to Vegetius, which is important because it demonstrates how Roman military culture of the late Republic was still important for that of the late Empire.

Introduction: The sleep plays an important role in the first years of life to promote the growth and development of children. The insufficiency and low quality of sleep in children has been a public health problem. A total of 25 to 50% of children up to five years old present difficulties related sleep. Objectives: To know the nursing interventions developed by the nurses aimed at the adequate exercise of parental role in dealing with children’s behavior at bedtime. Methods: Integrative Literature Review, to answer the question “How nurses help the parents of children up to five years old to deal with their children’s behavior at bedtime?” Bibliographic search in databases social science, nursing and health professions, neuroscience, medicine and dentistry decision science, B-on, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Medline (with full-text), CINAHL Plus (with fulltext), MedicLatina and ERIC, selecting studies from 2012 to May/2017 in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish using the descriptors “parents”, “nurse”, “children’s sleep”, “Sleep habits”, “sleep”, “children” e “recommendation” and their correspondents in Portuguese. They included eight articles. Results: Parents with greater knowledge about children’s hygiene and sleep patterns adopt better strategies, more appropriate to their children and that aim to promote sleep-favoring behaviors. There are some differences about bed sharing and naps in the context of Nurseries. The nurses, in general, have little education about the child’s sleep, which makes their action difficult. Conclusion: Although most of parents are sensitive to developing strategies appropriate to their child’s sleep needs, the nurses should be awake to the importance of parent empowerment about children’s sleep. There must be a greater investment in the teaching and promotion of good practices before sleep.