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This article aims at presenting the origins and the evolution of the disciplinary field of history of pedagogy in Italy. It is a process to which the Centro Italiano per la Ricerca Storico-Educativa (CIRSE), founded in 1980, contributed and which continues to this day. After an introduction describing the scientific changes occurred in the two decades preceding the foundation of CIRSE - similar in some ways to what happened in France - this paper consists of four parts describing the definition process of the study of history of pedagogy initiated in the cultural context of the 1968 revolution; the methodological and epistemological renewal established on the basis of the scientific activities carried out by CIRSE; the different legislation steps that led to the development of an independent field history of pedagogy at university level; finally, the current potential of CIRSE in the promotion of networks and scientific collaboration among Italian universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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On 13rd October 2016 the Chiostergi-Tuscher archive and library, originating from the heirs' house located in France (Saint-Cergues Les Voirons), was transferred to the Centro cooperativo mazziniano "Pensiero e Azione" in Senigallia. The paper reports about how this remarkable heritage of Chiostergi-Tuscher was retrieved and returned to Italy after thirty years. The collection includes correspondences, letters, diaries, documents, journals and papers, pictures, books, posters and other archival and bibliographic materials of great historical value to learn about the political, civic and cultural activities of Giuseppe Chiostergi (1899-1961), anti-fascist, member of the Italian Constituent Assembly and of Parliament, ambassador, pro-European and statesman, friend and correspondent to leading Italian and European personalities in the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this paper is to suggest and analyze a way to narrate the French-Prussian War through images and in particular the resounding defeat of Sedan, from the point of view of the defeated. Through this method one can deduce how the pictorial genre of battles evolved in time as well as understand how the story can be told from different perspectives. In this particular case the obvious objective is to transform the defeat either into a determined and valorous defense or at least in a glorious defeat. Apologetics paintings arise and develop in France, which, starting from the Napoleonic defeat in Waterloo, express always and in any case (at any rate?), the virtue of the troops and highlight those moments in which the commanding officers and soldiers distinguished themselves by accomplishing deeds worthy of praise. Apologetic painting, which arises and develops in France, starting from the Napoleonic defeat in Waterloo tends to express always somehow the valor of the troops and highlights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archeologia Postmedievale is the property of Edizioni all'Insegna del Giglio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologia Postmedievale is the property of Edizioni all'Insegna del Giglio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Activist Advocates. France and Italy in the Twentieth Century. Lawyers who are considered in this paper are called in Usa cause lawyers, in France and Italy activist advocates. Their peculiarity lies in their commitment in the defense of political activists charged in trials and in the defense of victims of any violence and discrimination. The topic of causelawyering has been studied by American and French sociologists but it is quite neglected by historians. This paper aims to start a historical research by considering in a comparative perspective a group of French and Italian lawyers belonging to different generations who practiced along the XXth century. Most of them were political activists and their commitment in acting the legal profession made them witnesses of the Twentieth century. In this perspective this paper focuses lawyers of both countries engaged in the defense of Communist activists, French advocates who defended Algerian nationalists, Italian lawyers who represented in court resistant fighters accused after the Second world war, and Italian Red brigades imprisoned in the Seventies and Eighties. In the conclusion of the paper, the opening of a new research field is suggested to study lawyers commitment in the XXth century, that of trials against health and environment crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the phenomenon of intra-urban residential mobility in early 18th century Nantes. Drawing mainly on military sources (soldiers' housing lists from 1719 to 1734 identifying those authorized to house soldiers), it aims to describe this practice among the second peuple of Nantes, defined as precarious and unsettled inhabitants of the city. To do so, the paper focuses on three neighbourhoods in the city: the Saint-Léonard parish, La Fosse and the Bignon-Lestard faubourg. After having quantified and highlighted the high turnover characterizing this population, the article discusses some possible causes, including a failure to pay taxes, work that was not under guild control and seasonal mobility in the countryside. The paper then describes the most frequent instance of intra-urban mobility, door-to-door moves, and explains this practice in relation to the local oral circulation of information that resulted in a residential segmentation of the urban space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Materiali e Strutture is the property of Edizioni Quasar di Severino Tognon s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Emer de Vattel (1714-1767) published his Droit des gens ou Principes de la loi naturelle appliqués à la conduite et aux affaires des Nations et des Souverains in 1758. The success of this work was immediate. His internationalist doctrine, the identification of the fundamental laws of States, that are sovereignty, independence and equality have become basic notions of international law. The aim of the present paper is to reconstruct the Swiss historical and cultural context where Vattel lived and worked, furnishing his biographical profile and scrutinizing the origin of his Droit des gens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Italian’ notation — in opposition to ‘French’ notation, that rather should be called ‘international’ — in the present paper is delimited to notation using a punctus divisionis continuously. All Trecento sources exhibiting this feature are explored with regard to the use and meaning of the notational signs within the divisio. On the basis of two new concordances to the Rossi Codex, the variability of ‘Italian’ notation, as a phenomenon existing from its beginning, is displayed. Criteria such as applying the principle of via naturae, the downward stemmed semibrevis, the implementation of new notational signs as those featuring a diagonal stem on the left side, or the direction of the flags of semiminimae lead to the identification of temporal and regional distinguishable or even individual notational practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Sociologia del Lavoro is the property of FrancoAngeli srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologia del Lavoro is the property of FrancoAngeli srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From 1571, year of the naval victory of the allies of the Holy League at Lepanto, up to the second decade of the 17th century, the antiottoman activities at Mani, the central peninsula of the Peloponnesus, were continuous. The author of this paper gathers all the historical data we have about these activities -- military attacks, projects of rebellion, requests for military aid -- arising from Spanish, Italian and French archives and libraries, published and studied by different scholars in the last one and a half century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarkozy's presidential large success in 2007 has raised a debate about the specificity of the phenomenon. As far as electoral process is concerned, the paper argues that Sarkozy's success is related to the scope of the mobilization and his capacity to unify the French right. Electoral mobilization can not been understood without taking in account party mobilization and UMP members recruitment. Thanks to a members survey carried out in November 2004, the organizational and social features of recruitment are analyzed. UMP membership is not only flexible but related to electoral and presidential contexts. Compared to socialist membership, UMP social selection is not stronger; moreover, UMP happens to be better rooted in the categories of employees and more classically in the catholic world and the private sector. Globally, party mobilization gives clues in order to understand electoral mobilization. In terms of party system, Sarkozy's phenomenon can be analyzed as part of a bipartisan dynamic. Electoral changes and the distribution legislative seats attest that French dynamic is moving towards an increased domination of the two main parties. In 2007, Sarkozy has succeeded unifying a large part of the French Right even though part of the electorate has resisted to this attempt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to give a better understanding of the way in which French sociologists have studied the cultural relevance of body among young people. The paper starts by taking into account some epistemological limits and difficulties due to the nature of this object. Then it offers a historical account of the encounter between body and youth in sociological researches. Finally, it underlines three major paradoxes concerning the relevance of the body in French society (i.e., the tension between individual freedom and social conformity, the quest for performance and intimacy, the idea that body is becoming socially tougher and more malleable at the same time) and discusses the most important topics concerning the representations of body among young people as they are dealt with by current French works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article announces an upcoming June 2010 conference on the history of medicine at the university the Université François-Rabelais in Tours, France.

Copyright of Cromohs: Cyber Review of Modern Historiography is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Roger de Piles (1638-1709) adopted the dialogical form both in Dialogue sur le coloris (1673) and in Conversations sur la connoissance de la Peinture et sur le jugement qu'on doit faire des tableaux (1677). The dialectical character of the genre, the choice of French and the disuse of the Latin language, the conscious recovery of historiographic models of the past, including Italian ones, the use of digressions, the semantic distinction between couleur et coloris, the weight offered to the reader/ viewer make Roger de Piles a master of "intellectual conversation". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Sociologia del Lavoro is the property of FrancoAngeli srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay moves from an empirical research on corporate knowledge management projects in nine multinationals in France and Italy. The aim was to verify if the growing emphasis on "human capital" and a knowledge-based approach in HRM were able to create new paradigms in lifelong training. Our results do show changes towards more shared and "democratic" training strategies, even if explicit knowledge is much more frequently mobilised than tacit knowledge, and HR policies still seem to enhance organisational learning by sharing explicit competencies rather than by creating an "attitude to know" based on self-training and socialisation of tacit knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the problems the newly founded Army of the Kingdom of Italy in Napoleonic times had to face was to endow itself with a sanitary service. This implied the recruitment of physicians and surgeons to incorporate in the army corps and in the military hospitals. In order to provide the best qualification of those health officers, clinical schools were founded at the military hospital St. Ambrogio in Milano. This paper discusses their aims, rules, personages, programs and eventually tries to evaluate their accomplishments in the few years of their life.

Alfred Binet (1857-1911) is considered the most representative exponent of the second generation of French experimental psychologists. His scientific work was inspired both by the experimentalism that Théodule Ribot and Hippolyte Taine introduced in France at the end of the 1870s, and by that of Wundt. Drawing from numerous sources, Binet was able to elaborate a psychology that focused on experiments and a controlled observation of pathological phenomena, with the objective of differentiating them from normal phenomena. His scientific production was moreover characterized by the emphasis placed upon the experimental study of "superior" psychic phenomena and, in particular, on their measurement. The aim of this paper is to describe the stages and sources of the "psychological" study of intelligence, which constituted precisely the fil rouge that had indispensably to be followed in order to fully understand the originality of all of Binet's research, whose most mature product was undoubtedly represented by the development of the Echelle métrique de l'intelligence, the first intelligence test in the history of psychology.

The essay II, 37 De la ressemblance des enfants aux pères, written by Montaigne between 1579 and the first months of 1580, is a merciless critique of doctors, doctoring and medicine in general. This Essay, as much as a large number of other texts, of archival records, of iconographic materials produced during the Early Modern period, testifies a wide spread skeptical attitude toward medicine across Europe. This is an important aspect of Early Modern culture. Despite its relevance it has been often neglected by medical historians. This paper aims to show how a literary text can contribute to the understanding of the rise of some aspects of these critical attitudes towards medicine and medics. In Montaigne's text, these attitudes appear to be generated by his personal experiences of suffering and disillusion deeply entangled with a long tradition of philosophical skepticism to which some of his favorite readings belong. Both these elements seem to have also contributed to bring Montaigne in 1580 to the definition of the poetic project of the Essays as a self-portrait: a project in which the bodily presence of the author, with his humors, passions and sufferings, is self-consciously part of the writing process and of the intellectual enterprise.