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In this paper, we present the influence of religion on the revolutionary movement that led India to political independence in the last century. The most credit for the changes has Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who achieved political changes through satyagraha without violence. After introducing the term satyagraha, the authors outline Gandhi's life and his spiritual development, which enabled him to think and act nonviolently. The sources of his spirituality are highlighted as the Bhagavad-gita, the Bible and Leo Tolstoy's prose. He was also influenced by Jain religious practice, especially the principle of ahimsa practiced by Mohandas' mother. The paper concludes with an outline of the influence of satyagraha in India and beyond after Gandhi's death.

India has been a significant source of human resources for many countries. However, it has also emerged as a destination for migrants from the African continent and neighboring Asian countries like Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar, seeking education and work opportunities. However, this influx of migrants and immigrants has led to various social problems and political challenges that require urgent policy attention. Within the host country, immigrants often face unfavorable conditions, uncertainty, and instability. The social problems resulting from migration and immigration in India encompass poverty, acculturation, education, housing, employment, social adjustment, and family difficulties. These challenges demand a comprehensive understanding and effective policy measures. In addition to the social issues, immigration and migration have significant political consequences. Questions arise regarding political inclusion, political liberties, effects on political stability, and potential implications for conflicts and wars. It is essential to address these political aspects to ensure a harmonious and sustainable social and political environment. This paper delves into a thorough analysis of the social problems and political challenges arising from immigration and migration within India. It takes into account both international immigration and internal migration, providing a holistic perspective on the issue. To tackle the identified social problems and political challenges, this paper proposes policy statements that prioritize the interests of all stakeholders involved, including the host country, the country of origin, local communities, and the immigrants and migrants themselves. The aim is to foster an inclusive and cooperative approach towards addressing these issues effectively.

The paper explores basic political relations between the European Union and India which are at theoretical level almost “terra nullius”. The paper starts from the present epochal situation and enters the realm of EU–India geopolitics from the perspective of Gandhian moral practice on one side, and challenges presented by the impact of Coronavirus politics on the other. Our question is – on which platform is strategic negotiating between the EU and India possible? Despite their Lisbon summit in 2000 as well as virtual summit in 2020, it is obvious that until today the EU and India could not find a common denominator. Our idea is that the missing link of a better understanding partly lays in the new perspective that may be unexpectedly found from the Balkans’ point of view. Only unprecedented cognizance today may set up the roadmap for the times to come.

This essay focuses on the importance of the identity dimension for the definition of the local productive structure and of the international economic relations, referred in particular to the 5 ME cluster ofTiruppur (Tamil Nadu-India). In this regard, the author defines the word identity, highlighting both the ideological function in the context of labour relations and the spatial dimension, with reference to the displacement of the Gounder group from the countryside to Tiruppur. The paper then goes on to describe the particular decentralizec production structure of the textile Tiruppur industry, pointing out how the work practices and the inter-company relations are deeply rooted in the strong identity of the Gounder caste. It concludes with a description of the evolution of the Gounder identity starting from their agricultural and rural past to the present manufacturing work and urban life in order to highlight the workforce control strategy adopted by the local ruling elite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interests of India and the United States (US) converge on multiple aspects in the Indo-Pacific. These interests range from economics to geopolitics to regional stability. India’s Look East Policy, rechristened as Act East Policy, in addition to economic, cultural and commercial goals, includes strategic interests to expand India’s influence in East Asia and to the larger Indo-Pacific. The US, challenged by the rise of China, has initiated a quadrilateral grouping of democracies (QUAD) and the Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) strategy with the objective of reasserting American primacy in the Indo-Pacific. The US-India Joint Strategic Vision for the Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean Region signed in 2015 and the Indo-Pacific Strategy Report 2019 emphasize the indispensability of the partnership between the US and India in the Indo-Pacific. The policies of the US and India towards the Indo-Pacific converge on ensuring peace, stability, maritime security, freedom of navigation, the fight against terrorism, peaceful settlement of disputes and ensuring connectivity of land, sea, and air transportation. Though not stated bluntly, containing the growing Chinese influence by mobilizing countries in the region figures prominently in the strategic schemes of both India and the US. As the most important strategic region in world politics, India, the US and China have vital economic and security interests at stake. By relying on a realist approach, the paper probes the main drivers and constraints of the Indo-US strategic partnership in the Indo-Pacific. The paper outlines and analyses the context of the Indo-US collaboration in the Indo-Pacific, their shared views and concerns, its anti-China mode and the constraints of the partnership. This study adopts qualitative methods and uses interpretative and analytical tools to explain the case.

Tourism is at the top of Indian current Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s agenda: according to Bharatiya Janata Party’s manifesto, tourism can play a key role in India’s socio-economic progress. The country had last formulated a tourism policy in 2002, when the multimillion dollar nation branding campaign which received the name “Incredible India” was launched on an international level. The primary objective of this branding exercise was to create a distinctive identity for the country. Through the analysis of the campaign’s themes, the paper discusses its connection with orientalist imagery and colonial meanings as well as its effectiveness in promoting the Indian tourist industry. The article dwells on how the government’s campaign constructs the Indian difference for an imagined global audience. Questions of cultural othering, the role of colonialism, and contemporary neocolonial structures in relation to tourism promotion for India are discussed. In this paper it is argued that, if the government is serious about branding India with Narendra Modi’s much hyped 5 Ts, with tourism as a leading contributor, a new paradigm different from the “Incredible India” one may be necessary.

Copyright of Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali is the property of Edizioni Studium S.r.l and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Florence Marryat was a prolific author, as well as being renowned for both her involvement with spiritualism and her parallel career as an actress. In 1854, she married Thomas Ross Church, an officer in the British Army, with whom she travelled through India for six years. On coming back to England, she began her successful writing career. She specialized in popular (and lucrative) sensation novels, but she also capitalized on her residence in India by penning a travel memoir: Gup. Sketches of Anglo-Indian Life and Character, eventually released as a volume in 1868. By engaging in a close reading of the text, this paper sets out to demonstrate that, in crafting her account, Marryat concocted an imaginary, “sensational” depiction of India and its people, to please and entertain her readership, while serving her own social and political agendas.

Copyright of Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni is the property of Editrice Morcelliana S.p.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The 2015 Paris Agreement, complementing the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, showcases an impressive consensus on climatological rhetoric. Thereby, it will contribute certainly neither to achieving its overall objectives on temperature nor to redressing any of the resulting “loss [or] damage” yet possibly tocontinuing the worldwide dialogue on the environment or on ecological entitlements. This paper will dissect and categorize these. It will conclude that the framers essentially kept the conversation going, nationally and internationally, encouraging the establishment, the adjudicatory branch, and the public to resume the conceptual or practical advancement on the topic.

India is a significant contemporary design laboratory for collective housing models in terms of both the construction of housing that experiments with new building materials and technologies and the design of flexible housing in informal contexts. Starting with a historical review of housing models created by B.V. Doshi and Charles Correa in the mid-1900s, this paper compares recent collective housing projects designed by Anupama Kundoo and Bijoy Jain (Studio Mumbai) in Auroville and Mumbai. The chosen projects explore new prototypes for housing and demonstrate the ability to respond in an original way to the growing challenges linked to environmental and social sustainability, opening up to new typological and technological experimentation.

The research reported here examines, from a historical perspective, the urban transformations that characterized the city of Mumbai since its foundation. First, a brief historical overview of the Indian peninsula, which is distinguished by a multitude of climates, contexts, ethnic groups, cultures, languages, and religions, is outlined. Second, the report focuses on the twentieth century migration patterns in order to better delve into the urbanization processes and features. The Indian urban dimension has grown rapidly and currently the country is the second most populated in the world. Its metropolises show many critical issues and poor housing conditions stand out. Urban informality and precarious housing are common, and they are particularly relevant in the most inhabited urban agglomerations. Mumbai developed on a small group of islands under Portuguese and British control and transformed into a megalopolis in a relatively short time span. Although public authorities became gradually aware of the housing shortage problem, the policies and interventions implemented proved to be inadequate to tackle the issue. The city's historical and geographical specificities have negatively affected urban development, raising land values and ultimately, jeopardizing social housing interventions. The Slum Rehabilitation Schemes case serves as an example to describe the Mumbai urban habitat and the extreme character that distinguishes it. This analysis also stimulates reflections on the housing issue and its possible developments in similar contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the outset, «myth», which is a widely held false belief, and «history» as a scientific discipline based on actual fact might appear to be incompatible. However, the history of Indian education abounds with several myths that are far removed from reality. Such myths were developed for political and ideological reasons. As Eric Hobsbawm argues, «myth and inventions are essential to the politics of identity»; to claim that «we are different from, and better than the other is part and parcel of this process» (Hobsbawm, 1997, p. 7). In the history of Indian education, myths were invented and perpetuated to prove that Indians were essentially different to Europeans. In certain myths, Indians are superior to the Europeans and do not require the knowledge created in Europe, and in other myths it was the might of the colonial state that imposed modern education upon the passive recipients. All these myths begin with basic assumption that the world consists of neatly divided categories of East-West; coloniser-colonised, and European-non-European. These categories are often considered to be mutually exclusive, incompatible and impermeable. This paper addresses two primary myths in the history of Indian education – that «pre colonial indigenous education was oral» (Kumar, 1991) and «modern education was European cultural imposition» (Carnoy, 1972) – as well as a cluster of secondary myths created to reinforce them.

Copyright of Storia delle Donne is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper argues for a deeper understanding of the challenges posed to undergraduate western music history by an increasingly globalised higher education system. Reflecting on the experience of delivering programmes at a music conservatory in Chennai, India, I suggest how curriculum can be adapted to explore the social history of cross-cultural musical practices. A brief case study surveys the role of western music in colonial and post-colonial south India to illustrate how we might foster critical approaches to music history at a global level.

The article focuses on the living conditions of laboring-class women in neoliberal India, with attention to different dimensions of deprivation. In so doing, the paper initially accounts for the most salient features of the transition to neoliberalism in India, as well as for the increased pressure on women’s double burden of paid and unpaid work associated with neoliberal policies. Specific attention will be paid, on the one hand, to the unfolding of renewed processes of marginalization of female labour and, on the other hand, to the increase in women’s unpaid workload caused by cuts in public expenditures and privatization policies. The implications of these processes in terms of socio-economic distress, as well as ‘time poverty’, will be illustrated though a field-based analysis of the daily living conditions of fisherwomen in Chilika Lake, situated on the coast of the Indian state of Odisha.

Abstract – Nonverbal languages are an integral part of human communication since they transmit substantial information such as emotions and psychological conditions, and therefore they contribute to understanding. Culture affects nonverbal behaviours. The Indian subcontinent is highly multicultural, multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multilingual, and language diversity often makes communication difficult. In India alone, there are 22 official languages besides about 400 other languages. The populations of the southern area, who speak languages of Dravidian origins, do not have a common language to communicate with people living in the North, who speak languages of Aryan origins, and even people living in the same village often speak different dialects. English, which has the status of an L2 in the country, is spoken appropriately only by those who can afford to go to English-medium schools. The majority of people can be placed in a continuum going from highly creolised forms of English to a number of ‘trade pidgins’. Yet, in spite of the inability to communicate in a common language, Indians make use of nonverbal languages, such as hand and head gestures, facial expressions, eye movements, as well as less evident messages such as dress and their colours, posture and the space between speakers. Nonverbal behaviours that Indians display in daily communication are related to those found in traditional performing and aesthetic arts. The purpose of this paper is to suggest how the knowledge of nonverbal languages is useful for an appropriate intercultural competence for interaction with migrants coming from the Indian subcontinent.

Combining the reputation of the Italian cultural heritage with the popularity of the Indian Film Industry, Italy and India have been collaborating to strengthen their economic relationships using the media as a spur for cultural exchange and a key-tool to enlarge the tourist market target. Many Italian Film Commissions have invested in supporting Indian productions, understanding the benefits of film-induced tourism. Specialised supplies and equipment have been provided to facilitate the incoming of Indian companies and organize educational tours to promote the locations of the Italian Peninsula. On the Indian side, the Made in Italy brand fascinates the upper-middle class interested in luxury products and the Italian life style. The settings of romantic movies promote the idea of Italy as a land to fulfil one’s own love story imitating the Bollywood stars. It is no surprise that honeymoon holiday packages are nowadays very popular and many sumptuous Indian weddings are celebrated in Italy. The paper analyses the representation strategies of Italy for the Indian audience as used both by tour operators, to enhance film-induced tourism, and by institutions, to enhance the cultural and economic exchanges between our countries.

The spiritual figures of Ruth Prawer Jhabvala’s Heat and Dust appear to be very shallow and mendicants. They are poor Sadhus who move from place to place like vendors selling their gods. Though, they pretend to live in a world of spirituality but in reality their feelings and emotions are earthy. Even those who come from Europe as young men and initiated, do not live a sex-free life. At this backdrop, the present paper tries to explore the world of pseudo spiritual figures in Ruth Prawer Jhabvala's Heat and Dust.

The paper looks at the Indian nation, which grows increasingly intolerant of heterogenity. The death of M.F. Husain, the Rushdie controversy and the censoring of A.K. Ramanujan’s essay attest this fact. The subaltern experience of two significant land struggles in the state of Kerala—the Muthanga agitation spearheaded by a tribal woman C.K. Janu and the Chengara land struggle under a dalit Laha Gopalan—testify to the presence of “orientalisms” within. Schisms within the subaltern movement, opposition from Marxist outfits and the geographical spaces of land “occupied”; autobiographies of Janu, Mukhtar Mai and Nalini Jameela, incidents of “honour killing,” slut walk, breast tax and “love jihad” are interrogated . The complexities of orientalisms, which work along the identities of religion, caste and gender are dealt with.

In the first half of the 18th century in India, the trading companies of Holland, England and France were the protagonists of a political and economic expansion. In this paper, the Author aims to highlight the colonial experience of the French governor Joseph-François Dupleix’s in Bengal in the 1730s. In particular, the Author wants to refer to the shift in the balance of power relations between Europeans and Indians, and He wants to highlight a slow and progressive shift of the balance towards European players. In fact after the 1730s, progressively, the use of force becomes, thanks to the fear it generates, a normal modus operandi on the part of the European Companies in India.

In my paper I explore how national problems, social contrasts and political turmoil are expressed by the different forms of “locality” narrated by Aravind Adiga and Tabish Khair’s novels and I investigate the modalities through which these chaotic spaces are constructed, considering the relationships between place and identity, nation and community.

Manganelli’s India is still the enchanted country Western people have been dreaming of since the Middle Ages: a place where the monstrous meets the fantastic. This paper addresses the relationship between Manganelli’s literary notion and the description of his trip to India. If you compare his writing from Esperimento con l’India to his theoretical works, you will note that an amoral and nocturnal world corresponds to his principle of “literature as a lie”. While Manganelli’s voyage takes him to real places, he also travels, through words, into a kind of labyrinth made of landscapes, different characters, and monuments that are no longer real, but trapped in their allegorical transformation; for travelling across India is always a two-dimensional trip, a journey between the real and the imaginative worlds.

Copyright of Journal of Constitutional History / Giornale di Storia Costituzionale is the property of Giornale di Storia Costituzionale (Journal of Constitutional History) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)