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Copyright of Italian Journal of Nursing (IJN) / Giornale Italiano di Infermieristica is the property of Collegio IPASVI MI-LO-MB - Ordine Professioni Infermieristiche MI-LO-MB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologia del Lavoro is the property of FrancoAngeli srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rassegna Italiana di Valutazione is the property of FrancoAngeli srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologia del Lavoro is the property of FrancoAngeli srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Nursing (IJN) / Giornale Italiano di Infermieristica is the property of Collegio IPASVI MI-LO-MB - Ordine Professioni Infermieristiche MI-LO-MB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we will analyse the data from surveys carried out in Italy between 1997 and 2005 as part of the Ilfi panel. We will focus in particular on statements about frequency of churchgoing given by panel members over the years and show that they are characterized by a significant degree of inconsistency. We will show that this interesting but unexpected result can also be found in many other international panels and therefore cannot be attributed to bias resulting from the methodology adopted in the panel. Furthermore, we will see that individual inconsistency is generally not associated with paths of progressive rapprochement to or estrangement from religion and/or its practices. Instead, it is a form of «discontinuity» in frequency of churchgoing in its own right. Our analysis will then lead us to conclude that inconsistency and discontinuity are not the result of inappropriate response behavior by interviewees and that they run through the main social segments (gender, age, education and area of residence). This characteristic pattern of mass attendance, which concerns at least 50-60% of the population, does not appear to take shape as an intermediate form of religiosity between regular churchgoers and non-churchgoers. Instead, it seems to signal the existence of a different type of religiosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between unemployment and the meaning attributed to work is examined by carrying out a critical survey of recent psycho-social analyses of the topic. The paper then presents a longitudinal study of 115 young people (58 males and 57 females in two age groups: 17-19 and 22-24 years) with prolonged experience of searching lob and with different patterns of work and non-work. The application of a structural equation (LISREL model) reveals substantial stability over time in the meaning of working. However, those who move from unemployment to work tend to increase the importance of intrinsic work aspects compared with the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of poverty dynamics based on large-scale survey data shows that there is limited mobility across the income distribution for most individuals and families. Some people may get better-off over the lifecourse, as their careers develop and wages rise, but overall most poor people do not become very rich and most rich people do not become very poor. Lone parents are at high risk of poverty in the UK, but this poverty risk is reduced for those who are in employment and who receive state financial support through Tax Credits to supplement their wages. This article reports on longitudinal qualitative research which has involved repeat interviews with lone mothers and their children over a period of three to four years. The analysis here explores the experiences of sustaining employment while living on a low, but complex, income and highlights the challenges faced in seeking financial security in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This focus of this article is the inter-relationship between structure and agency in understanding the dynamics of poverty. The article begins with some general reflections on the nature of agency, its relationship to structure, and models of agency in the context of poverty. It then outlines a resources or assets-based model, drawing in particular on the international development literature on livelihoods. This is followed by a typology of agency, which situates poverty dynamics in relation to a number of different kinds of agency exercised by people living in poverty: 'getting by' or everyday coping; 'getting (back) at' through 'everyday resistance'; 'getting out' of poverty; and getting organized' to effect change. The article then focuses on 'getting by' as well as 'getting out' since the one is likely to be a prerequisite for the other. It concludes by re-affirming the need for interventions to embrace both agency and structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies carried out using a dynamic approach show that poverty, although at different degrees of intensity and duration, is no longer an issue concerning only a defined portion of the population living in typically disadvantaged circumstances (e.g. in deprived areas), but is increasingly affecting other social classes that would normally benefit from adequate living conditions, including the growing poorer middle class and those with insecure or low paid jobs. We are not just referring to socially isolated groups of people, but to an intermediate heterogeneous social area, a dissimilar aggregate of individuals experiencing different trajectories of social mobility: members of the impoverished middle class, low income families reduced to poverty by different life events, people with unstable jobs and inadequate family and social support. Although with a different background, they have in common a more lasting precarious condition and a higher risk of poverty compared to other members of the middle class who can rely on better incomes and stronger social support and to the wealthier social classes. These social groups share, at least for a short period of their life, very difficult living conditions potentially affecting several aspects of their existence and limited resources to rely upon to sustain their life projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits of a longitudinal or dynamic approach to research are now widely accepted. In recent years, the availability of such data continues to improve, covering administrative based sources (including population registers) as well as sample surveys. Further features of this research field include; (a) a growing recognition of the usefulness of qualitative approaches to the collection and analysis of longitudinal data, and (b) an emphasis on the policy implications from longitudinal analysis given analysts' increased familiarity with the technical challenges posed by such data. Theoretical developments have examined the concept of 'resilience', and continue to address questions of structure and agency and the unfolding of differentiated life-courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]