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In this paper we analyze culture as integral aspect of everyday life and the ways culture is actualized through cultural participation. The research presented in this paper is part of the Center for Designing the Everyday project, which aims to explore the current state and possibilities for establishing a new model of participatory governance in culture based on the model of participatory democracy. In this research, designed and conducted to assess the state of cultural participation at two intervals over a two-year period, the aim was to determine whether there are differences in the types of participation and motivations for participation in cultural events and activities before and after initiatives aimed at reinforcing the model of participatory governance. The paper draws on three conceptual turns, namely postmodern, cultural, and participatory, to examine the repositioning of cultural participation in everyday life. Two surveys were undertaken in 2018 and 2020 in Zagreb, targeting an intentional sample of visitors to cultural institutions and associations operating in the field of visual arts. Given the specific timeframe, the results are interpreted in the context of the pandemic. Results imply strengthening of cultural participation connected to cultural consumption, while participation connected to cultural production is decaling. Furthermore, interactive cultural participation in digital and virtual environment indicates inequalities among different social groups especially when it comes to elderly population that has proven to be vulnerable in terms of frequency and availability of interactive cultural participation.

By relying on Michel Foucault’s theory of social discourse and power/ knowledge where culture, customs and other elements of society are seen as the source of shared knowledge imposed on the individuals, this paper explores the theme of violence in William Faulkner’s novel Light in August (1932) to prove Joe Christmas’ violence as the result of his exposure to the social discourse of the time he lives in, namely the South during the Jim Crow era. The paper proves violence in the novel as mostly connected to the character of Joe Christmas and explores why Joe Christmas, even though the main enactor of violence, is not regarded as a villain but as an anti-hero. The period in which Christmas lives is the Jim Crow South where blackness was regarded as inferior, negative and evil which affects Joe’s self-perception and his actions. Joe, the captive of society, exhibits violence because the only thing he has been thought is to respond with violence. The paper will analyze several parts of the novel connected to Joe Christmas and violence to prove how violence in Faulkner’s novel does not exist per se but serves to prove how damaging the effect of society and social discourse can be.

The traditional school system has not met the needs of students for many years. Parents, in order to allow their children to move away from the rigid class-subject-hour system, established schools. The founders of alternative schools can be citizens, parents and teachers, religious communities as well as other legal entities. These are the so-called free schools, civic educational initiatives, reform pedagogical attempts, educational boarding schools, etc. The aim of this paper is to present the pedagogical concepts and ideas of schools in the Republic of Croatia whose founders are parents. The paper presents the basic pedagogical principles and aspects of teaching Waldorf and Montessori pedagogy based on educational pluralism, a brief overview of partnership between parents and schools in Croatia and the educational model of primary Catholic schools “Ružičnjak” and “Lotrščak”. The observed schools are located in Zagreb and have only one goal - to adapt the school to the child. An effort is made to provide each student with an individual approach. The starting points are the child’s needs and interests. These are the schools where students have freedom of choice. The goal of upbringing and education is the holistic development of the child. The emphasis is on active learning methods and abandoning didactic scenarios in which the child is only a passive observer.

The COVID-19 crisis had a huge impact on education and became the subject of many scientific studies. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the opinions of professors and students on the quality of teaching and satisfaction with e-learning during the COVID-19 crisis. The aim of the research is to answer the question to what extent professors and students are satisfied with the quality of e-learning in higher education institutions, as well as their expectations in the future. The research was created on the research platform 1KA and conducted in the period from November 12, 2021 to February 12, 2022 in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A survey questionnaire was used as a research instrument, which was sent to 192 addresses, 101 publics and 91 private faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and included 132 professors and 202 students. The results of the research showed that the quality of teaching is positively influenced by the satisfaction and level of usefulness of the tools used among professors, but also among students. The results also confirmed that more work experience leads to lower e-learning expectations in the future. The paper presents empirical research that was conducted on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina about the impact of COVID-19 on the quality of e-learning. The scientific contribution of the paper is reflected in the fact that it can be used in research related to the impact of crises on teaching in higher education institutions, as well as potential future emergency situations of crisis and uncertainty that result in new models of teaching that combine classroom and e-teaching.

Scholarly works on film sound are vastly outnumbered by works on film visual aspects. One reason for this discrepancy lies in the “hegemony of the visual”. Another may be the dominance of the visual in the cinema viewing experience, which results in our being naturally less attuned to how we are affected by the aural aspect. Nonetheless, the interaction of music, diegetic sound, and silence plays a vital role in achieving the director’s intention in creating a film and is crucial to establishing the bond between the film and its viewer. In his paper, the author shows, on the example of German contemporary film and TV series, that any analysis of film must examine the interaction of film music, dialogue, silence and diegetic sounds. The paper explores a specific approach to the sonic landscape in German film and TV series and raises questions to be pursued in further research on this topic.

The paper gives an overview of modern society and popular culture as a culture of imposed values, the influences that arise from it and the ways in which today’s society, that lives in a kind of media forest, functions. It will also give an overview of how society functions in unlimited freedom of choice and observes today's value system, as well as the influences resulting from the media content consumed. The focus is on the individual and the question is raised as to whether, in today's information forest, the individual can muster the strength to look deeply at the information presented with the intention of various manipulative effects and separate it from that information which is disseminated as such for literal information. The paper presents the idea of today's modern society, which, on one hand, lives its life to the fullest in the accessibility of everything and surrounded by all, but, on the other hand, faces isolation and loneliness.

The paper analyzes contextually expressive lexis or figurative usage of words. It is about usage of figures of speech and tropes, whose recognition and analysis requires context in which they appear and at the same time effect the text expressiveness. Essays (published in the collection Sadašnjost za vječnost) and feuilletons (published in the collection En Passant) by Veselko Tenžera, were used for the purpose of this paper. Following figures of speech and tropes were analyzed in terms of their frequency: ellipsis, personification, comparison, hyperbole, metonymy, oxymoron, irony and sarcasm. The analysis shows that figurative usage of words contributes to expressiveness of the text, because in this way additional possibilities are used in language as a system for making new connections between words. The uniqueness of these texts is the author’s creativity, individuality and subjectivity in creating new unusual language forms whose meaning and function are conditioned mainly by the context in which they are put by Tenžera.

In this paper, we imply the role and influence of expert associates on the development and application of educational programs for children with autism spectrum disorders. The research sought to determine the extent to which professionals know the characteristics of autism, use appropriate methods of work and on this basis propose developmental and program goals, measures and areas for work and monitoring the achievements of a child with autism. We used the focus group method as a semi-structured instrument conducted by regions. There were a total of 43 respondents: special educators and rehabilitators, psychologists and pedagogues. The paper deals with the fact that school associates work on approaches based on visualization, organization, design, focus, purposefulness, and functionality are applied to children with autism. The basis of the work is the Individual Developmental-Educational Program (IDEP), which sets educational and developmental goals for each child. We found that in Montenegro the level of knowledge among professionals varies in relation to the methods of working with a child with autism spectrum disorders. Speech therapists are somewhat more able to recognize the needs and organize an appropriate approach, special educators are in transition from the paradigm of special to inclusive education, psychologists, pedagogues are not familiar with the characteristics and procedures of working with children with autism spectrum disorders. They identify important development and program goals insufficiently, the focus is on the role of speech therapists and less attention is given to resource experts. Based on the findings it is reccommended that a general framework for autism be developed. Conceptual solutions are oriented towards early learning, primary education and vocational training. Individual program focuses on developmental areas: communication, interaction, behavior, and independence. Then, evaluation indicators should monitor whether the child is being worked with on the basis of adjustments, visual instructions, structure and positive approach, level of communication development...

This paper discusses the medieval theological and political history, and the difference between blue and red blood. The popular phrase blue blood had a special significance during the Middle Ages, and its echo has been present in our culture ever since. One might think that such an abstract concept is only an insignificant legend that emerged from the oral folk tradition without any roots in theory and literature. The author’s intention is to present the concept of blue and red blood as a part of fictional genre theory. The fictional genre discourse becomes especially evident when the king’s simultaneously natural and supernatural bodies, or more simply, the notion that the king possesses a superbody, are discussed. In the given period the concept of blue blood, which referred to the king’s dignity, was coined. Thomas Hobbes, in his famous work Leviathan, develops the social contract theory, which is used to explain the development of the modern political community. Blue blood becomes red when an ordinary citizen becomes involved in politics, as this paper confirms.

The paper analyzes relations of semantic opposites among words in the feuilletons (En Passant) and essays (Sadašnjost za vječnost – selection from the works) by Veselko Tenžera, especially those conditional upon context. Since those relations are not visible outside the mentioned context, we call that phenomenon antonymy. Examples of the real opposite or antonymy are given at the beginning of the paper, but due to the context in which they are put, they also contribute to greater language expressiveness and stylistic refinement of the expression. Expressiveness and stylization of the expression are especially evident in the second part of the paper which singles out expressions and syntagms mutually opposite solely because of the context – antonymicity. Examples of such opposite, achieved by figures of speech or putting different words into unusual connections, influence on the stylistic expressiveness. That is especially the case with multi-part antonymic expressions whose surface structure is completely lost out of sight due to context, while the expressiveness of the text is increased.

Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to organize and perform specific actions which are necessary to accomplish desired goals. It does not refer to objective abilities to carry out a specific action, but to subjective estimate if the action can be performed successfully. Self-efficacy is the key factor of human functioning, it is a determinant and a predictor of the degree of success that will eventually be achieved. Self-efficacy is largely affected by qualitative leadership in work environment. The precondition of qualitative principal’s leadership are his optimally developed pedagogical competencies. On the basis of theoretical hypotheses and empirical research this paper seeks to examine the way preschool teachers evaluate their self-efficacy and their principals' pedagogical competencies. The relationship between preschool teachers’ evaluation of self-efficacy and their evaluation of principals’ pedagogical competencies is also studied in the paper. The study included 75 preschool teachers in Vukovar-Srijem County. The results have shown that the teachers highly evaluate their self-efficacy as well as the principals’ pedagogical competencies. The statistically significant positive relationship between preschool teachers' evaluation of self-efficacy and their evaluation of principals' pedagogical competencies is found. The paper elaborates reasons of importance of self-efficacy in preschool teachers’ work as well as the key roles of principals’ pedagogical competencies and their quality management of the educational institution.

Hagiographic codex Passionale MR 164 is considered as the oldest of Archdiocesan Library Metropolitana in Zagreb. It consists of two parts: the main one is Carolingian Passionale and the other is Beneventan appendix Secunda expositio super psalmum CXIX and Vita Marie Egipciace de Greko in Latinum translata. Hagiographic Passionale is dated in 10th century and it is considered to be written in the east Adriatic coast, in Ravenna. Beneventan part is dated by the note of its scribe deacon Majon at the beginning of the 11th century. It is written in Split for the needs of Split’s Archdiocese and the Archbishop Paulus. The content analysis and sanctoral of Carolingian part lead MR 164 to Ravenna’s church Sant' Apollinare Nuovo. The linguistic analysis confirms language of MR 164 to be the Biblical Latin of non-Biblical texts. This paper deals with flexion, derivation and syntax of the names within Biblical Latin of non-Biblical texts found in Carolingian Passionale. One of the topics considered is the independence of Biblical Latin as a special idiom, as well as its connection to Vulgar Latin. Transcription of Passio Sancte Barbare is attached to the main text of the paper.

The paper deals with tattoos of Catholic women from Bosnia and Herzegovina, function of the tattoo from the identity, religious and communication aspect, primarily as a means of non-verbal visual communication as well as its contemporary perception. The traditional/religious tattoo on the example of tattooed Catholic women from BiH, which is the subject of this research, represents a conscious bodily modification historically conditioned by the environment and culture. The paper studied perception of traditional/religious tattoos taking into consideration the fact that more than 90% of the population of the Republic of Croatia are declared believers and whether a person with a tattooed religious symbol is a believer, or whether that person is perceived as a believer because of a tattooed religious symbol/sign. The paper also discusses the possibility of traditional tattoos contribution to the process of new evangelization. The research was conducted on a sample of 310 respondents, and the aim of the research is to determine the perception of religious/traditional tattoos, i.e. whether they are influenced by sociodemographic characteristics, whether it is generally acceptable or declared believers have a more positive attitude and can the traditional tattoo be a communication symbol of declared believers.

Although democracy in Israel is sustainable and stable, it does not match any of the western types of democracy. Israel is a typical divided society whose political system and social structure do not often make a great deal of sense for the rest of the world. This paper represents a brief analysis, based on theoretical frameworks and typological placement of democracy which is closely connected to social rifts of the Israeli society. The paper investigates if democracy in Israel was being developed in order to facilitates the social divisions management and if it alleviated or strengthened social rifts.

The paper seeks first to give a summarized historical overview of the most significant metaphor theories that can be followed from Aristotle’s systematic studying in two separate areas, rhetoric and poetics, to contemporary research in cognitive linguistics and semantics. The paper describes the main tenets of the most important metaphor theorists which should serve as the framework in which the work on corpus is conducted, analysis of individual examples of metaphors in the Gospel of Luke. At the same time, we would like to emphasize that that is not the only, exclusive model of the analysis, but it contains a lot of its own contribution on the basis of the previous knowledge on metaphor. The reason for such approach can be found in the specific nature of the Biblical text, which is as a whole or in individual parts inherently metaphoric. The mentioned claims can be confirmed in the examples of metaphors from the Gospel of Luke, metaphor examples that put into words Biblical terms important for understanding the central Gospel message. The metaphor examples are taken from the Bible published by Kršćanska sadašnjost, translation of the New Testament by Friar Ljudevit Rupčić, PhD.

The paper includes an overview of New Hollywood directors and their films, as well as the sociopolitical context and changes in the American way of life that preceded the arrival of the so-called blockbusters, i.e. new genre films. The paper will discuss a new approach to the genre film by a generation of educated directors who will successfully renew genre in their works and, in some cases, make sequels in the form of (even today very popular) franchise. The analysis of some works made by a younger and partly older generation will show their relation to social and political circumstances, revitalization of marginalized genres, as well as stylistic features such as: intertextuality, citations, pastiche, homage (dedication), etc.

The question of the authorship of the literary corpus preserved under the name of Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII. Porphyrogenitus (913-959) has preoccupied scholars for more than a century. Uncertainty in the emperor's authorship arose for the most part due to the multitude of style levels of his writings, which in recent research has resulted in a disputation of the authorship of Porphyrogenitus involving most of the works attributed to him. This paper deals with the stylistic features of those parts of the Corpus Constantineum in which, according to experts, Porphyrogenitus had his own creative share. The results show that Constantine wrote using approximately six different style levels, and that the appearance of different stylistic expressions was conditioned by the literary genre, the subject matter and the circumstances addressed by the work in question. The common stylistic features present in the segments of the emperor's writings covered in this paper point to the fact that, in this case, it is possible that they were written by the same author, one who varied his writing style.

Results of quantitative and bibliometric research, as well as decisions that might be made on the basis of those results and influence on certain policies, greatly depend on the quality of input data downloaded from bibliometric and citation databases. This assertion is directly connected to a high number of bibliometric and scientometric research that uncritically download data from bibliographic and citation databases, WoS – Web of Science or Scopus. This research, which has been conducted in the framework of the Croatian national project Research activity, collaboration and orientation in social sciences in Croatia and other post-socialist European countries – RACOSS, lead by Maja Jokic, PhD, analyzes the role of the classification system in downloading and processing data, i.e. making conclusions. Bibliographic records, downloaded in the period from 1996 to 2013, published in 4896 journals, represent the result of strategy on searching the scientific productivity and citation index of social scientists from 15 European post-socialist countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia). Classification of science by Scopus is based on the subject and content orientation of indexed journals. Diversity of classification system that uses the Scopus classification of a certain country can cause wrong interpretation on the basis of collected data. In this paper we made the analysis of journals and papers, and contrastive analysis of a certain journal affiliation to the field of social sciences was made on the basis of Scopus and Croatian classification of social sciences based on OECD Frascati fields of science. After the experts in this area had checked the journals and compared them to the classification system used in Croatia, the initial sample for reliable bibliometric analyses decreased to the portion of 44%. Affiliation to a certain field was made on the basis of the subject and content orientation of the indexed journals. Besides filtration of scientific fields, it is necessary to check the affiliation of a journal to the certain field by hand in order to get papers that belong only to social sciences. In this way there appeared a significant difference in the citation index additionally to lower number of papers and journals. The aim of this research is to warn researchers to possible and real deficiencies of input data used for evaluation on the example of the Scopus database, which is relatively reliable source of data for bibliometric research.

The paper analyzes phrasemes with Biblical proper names as a component in German as the source language and Croatian as the target language, relying on the equivalence typology in the framework of contrastive phraseology. The aim of the paper is to analyze Biblical origin of phrasemes, explain their background, motivation and meaning as well as to determine the level of their equivalence. For collecting materials we used monolingual and bilingual phraseological dictionaries and monolingual and bilingual general dictionaries. According to the expectations, the most dominant are the phrasemes with Biblical proper name as the component, which show partial or full correspondence of the lexeme and morfosyntactic structure with equivalence of phraseological meaning. The unexpected result is a big group of phrasemes that are not recorded in Croatian materials, although literal translations can be found very often in Biblical texts.

Antun Gustav Matos is one of the most significant writers of the Croatian Literary Modernism. Part of his literary work reflects the influence of symbolism where he paid special attention to the ways of solving ontological crisis. Besides prevailing symbolism motives, one part of his short stories also contains elements of fantastic prose genre. Edgar Allan Poe was a famous literate who was writing during the age of Romantic style. His works contain elements of fantastic genre with especially emphasized feelings of creeps. Because of that, he is recognized as a forerunner of symbolism. Matos was familiar with literary and theoretical work by Edgar Allan Poe. That is especially evident in the context of symbolism prose by Matos. The aim of this paper is to prove the influence of Edgar Allan Poe on the prose by Antun Gustav Matos, referring to the most important theoretical foundations of symbolism as well as particularities of these two authors’ poetics. Thus the paper will analyze short stories Mis (1899) and Crni macak (1849) taking into consideration motivation preoccupation of the two authors as well as narrative structures of the texts.

There are many proved advantages and benefits of Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS): better security and reliability, avoiding lock in effect, control over handling sensitive data etc. That is a reason why EU tries to encourage the FLOSS usage in its administration and FLOSS has become very popular in public sector of EU countries in the last fifteen years. Despite that FLOSS usage in South East Europe is almost nonexistent. The focus of this paper is put on the FLOSS usage in the public administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina and on the FLOSS presence compared to proprietary software in the information system of cities and municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Furthermore, the paper also presents a guideline for possible migration to FLOSS and discusses the major benefits of adopting FLOSS products within the Bosnia and Herzegovina public administration.

Although teacher competencies are acquired during initial training in faculties of education, among which methodological competencies have a special place, many teachers are not trained to work with students with specific learning difficulties and do not know how to deal with them in the classroom. Research on specific learning difficulties has begun recently as the symptoms of such students have been gradually explored and efforts have been made to adapt teaching methods to each student. The purpose of this paper is to explain the specific learning difficulties - dyslexia and dysgraphia - and to describe the ways in which teachers can work with students who suffer from these difficulties. A survey was conducted to investigate how Croatian language teachers adapt their work to students with reading and writing difficulties. The teachers’ awareness of the students’ difficulties, the way they prepare teaching materials, the use of teaching methods when working with these students, the way they give work instructions, the way they check their knowledge, and effective examples of teaching students with specific reading and writ- ing difficulties were investigated. The sample included 40 Croatian language teachers at primary and secondary level of education. The results are generally satisfactory, and it can be said that teachers’ handling of students with these difficulties in teaching language expression is good, although additional training could improve the quality.

In this paper the author presented the Semantic Web as a new generation in the evolution of the Web. In contrast to previous generations based on work with people, the third generation of the Web, presented in the paper, is focused on mechanical processing of stored information. Information are being processed at a higher level because Semantic Web is based on giving meaning to information on the Web and it is therefore defined as a plan to achieve related data applications on the Web in a form that creates a consistent logical data network. In the paper the author presented the process of constructing the Semantic Web through the establishment of a new level of interoperability. Due to the importance of the syntactic form of a document and the syntactic content, the languages of the Semantic Web are presented. Due to the importance of Web content categorization, the paper presents dictionaries that cover different areas. Different ontologies have been developed separately and the Semantic Web has brought the need for interoperability. For that reason, this paper is also focused on the languages of the ontologies. In terms of use of the Semantic Web, the author specifically focused on knowledge managing and presented tools for maintaining a poorly structured sources of information.

Contemporary marketing communication intensively implements the potentials of information technology and software tools and contributes to development of digital and electronic marketing. It tries to use social networking information about products, services and the company to shape a marketing mix and marketing strategy. Social networks are a channel of communication with potential and existing customers, they are a powerful means of shaping attitudes, opinions and image about the product or service. They are a direct customer communication and an in-house development tool. Exploring and understanding customer opinions have tremendous practical value for the enterprise because they provide proactive action and can direct the company's operational activities to customize the properties and quality of products or services to customer requirements. The paper reviews the opinions of users of social networks (potential or current buyers) about the brand by analyzing the content of their messages. Therefore, sentiment analysis is implemented in the paper. It is a process that finds the attitudes, feelings, or emotions of customers in textual data as an essential component of an image of a product or service. The main hypothesis of the paper is that social networks contribute to development of brand image. Designing a brand image can be effectively influenced through the social network. So first we explore the „presence” of the brand inside messages and communication between users of social networks Twitter and Facebook. Then, from both social networks we create word clouds and compare views, opinions, and internal images. On the basis of such analysis it is possible to make proactive marketing actions that can timely affect the brand image.

Nowadays, actual and usable information are required from companies. In order to adapt to those changes, the companies started using internet as a channel for investor relations. Their websites are designed to offer a wide specter of company's financial information, as well as non-financial information that might be useful to financial public. The subject of this paper is to research the usage of internet in a company's investor relations. Through review of literature, the paper shows importance of websites development and how, by adequate usage, they may have an impact on the investor relations. For that purpose, the work includes research of the impact of Internet in conducting activities with investors at the market of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The methodology used in this work comprised a survey, carried out on a convenient sample of companies. Analysis conductes on websites of BiH companies with most traded stocks at stock excange, showed that the companies were aware of the importance of using web in communication with investors. However, one of the conclusions is that there is a big space for improvement regarding the use of new internet tools among most of BiH companies.

Due to its characteristic geographical separation the area of Drežnica has managed to preserve its specifics for centuries, what makes it unique and interesting for further research. On the basis of published sources, literature and field research the paper endeavors to give a clearer picture of cultural-historical heritage of Drežnica and point to some unrecorded monuments, as well as the need of implementing systematic archaeological research of some localities. With this paper the authors would also like to point out the need for detailed study of the oldest modern history gravestones from the area of Gornja Drežnica, whose characteristic ornaments represent a valuable source of information on gradual leaving of medieval iconography recorded on standing tomb-stones, which were completely neglected in the professional and scientific literature.

Lexical richness and expressive peculiarity are connected to Vesna Parun’s poetics (1922-2010) from the very beginning of her poetic opus. In analyzing a part of her poetic opus this paper is focused on the lexical component. Lexical complexity, diversity and density are determined and analyzed on the example of the collection Sonetni vijenci (1991) while presence of certain lexemes is connected to basic motives of her opus. Presence of certain types and forms of words is observed in the framework of peculiarities of the author’s language, style as well as literary and artistic style. Meaning of certain lexemes and meaning relations between lexemes are also studied in the paper.

The aim of this paper is to present the formation specifics of Bosnian-Herzegovinian trade and other terminology. Examples for the analysis of suffix derivatives and their different frequency regarding the appearance of parallels with two or three formation affixes that belong to different styles of Croatian language, were taken from database of registered trade, catering and service facilities in the cantons of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina with Croatian majority: Herzegovina Neretva Canton, West Herzegovina Canton and Herzeg-Bosnia Canton. The aim of the paper is to explore how much derivatives, used for naming Bosnian-Herzegovinian trade, catering and service facilities as well as economic societies, are formed in accordance to Croatian standard formation norm and how much they are (in)consistent to that norm. The paper will also give an overview of orthographic inconsistencies of certain compound words in the analyzed name registry. Structure of other names regarding the origin of formation model were also analyzed.

City branding, vast majority of authors consider as the process of identity and image management, represents a strategic answer to new demands of the networked world, economic trends, information and social needs of the population. Theoretical perspectives and practical examples emphasize the significance of urban identities “management” through conceptual settings of branding in order to increase competitiveness of cities in the following spheres: touristic demand, optimal efficiency of resources (investments, attracting new inhabitants…), revitalization of urban spaces and strengthening of the city identity. Preconditions for optimal efficiency of competitive advantages of a certain city in relation to other are created by using branding techniques and tools, while communication practices of city systems and subsystems represent infrastructural platform for implementation of the mentioned process. Current theoretical concept related to identity model is based on the holistic approach to the brand management with the emphasis on increased involving of the local population in creating urban policies. Orientation towards strengthening city identity by inclusive approach to conceptual setting of branding introduces the contemporary city management sphere based on the principle of good management while emphasizing the significance of dialogue processes between different interest groups and necessity of wider understanding of culture within the meaning of strategic tool for urban development. Therefore the paper deals with theoretical aspects, methods and implementation of strategic management of communication in the process of city branding. Author begins with the hypothesis that in the process of brand development, besides the analysis of the current public image, communication competence of stakeholders has the key role in creating mechanisms for dialogue processes between interest public groups within the city in order to achieve greater consensus on the strongholds of the living city identity. Relying on the findings of leading authors from this area and analysis of the practical examples, the paper presents basic steps in the process of creating city brand.

This paper is based on earlier studies in the area of conceptual metaphor analysis and cognitive linguistics, pointing out the metaphor as one of the most important rhetorical figures in the literary work. The paper will analyze the conceptual metaphor of horror in the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker, published in 1897. The metaphors were analyzed on the semantic-cognitive level, according to George Lakoff and Mark Johnson's theory. The paper uses methodological procedures that include corpus analysis and metaphors identification based on the conceptualization of the horror entity in the original text. The importance of the conceptual metaphor is pointed out, as well as the concept and the meaning of the horror entity in the conceptual area. The aim of this research is to point to the importance of metaphoricity and its cultural-specific connotations, as well as universality of language describing horror.

The paper deals with the integration of the character of a self-conscious woman in Trilogy of Kurlani by Mirko Božić, which is based on the semantic shift realized through the character of Gara. By her semantic components, the character of Gara deviates from the sense order inherent in the other female characters of Trilogy. Gara experiences a transformation of radical and universal proportions, from the oppressed position conditioned by the gender to the birth of the individual consciousness and awakening of one’s own personality and is raised to the level of the concept which is presented in this paper through three phases. The first phase marks Gara’s unconscious acceptance of the collective consciousness while in the second phase her disquiet comes as a motivational means. In the third phase, a self-conscious woman arises in Gara through the knowledge of the right to choice.

This paper deals with human trafficking which is a complex social phenomenon whose dynamics, mobility and organization in national and international dimensions represents a complex and serious problem of contemporary society. After drug trafficking and illegal arms trade, human trafficking is today mentioned as the third most profitable criminal activity. Human trafficking functions on the principle of supply and demand. From one side, violence, poverty and repression push the people in the search for better life or just struggle for survival, from the other side, in developed and rich countries demand for cheap labour rises. Human trafficking covers different forms of exploitation and violence over people and as a crime against humanity it is one of the most brutal examples of jeopardizing basic human rights and human dignity. In the paper human trafficking is taken as a socially determined phenomenon whose consequences hurt not only individuals and social groups but also society as a whole.

Literary conventions of Greek fictional epistolography impose on its authors certain rules for naming of the correspondents. Three types of naming are allowed: choosing a real person, borrowing a literary character or creating an “artificial”, so called descriptive names. This paper deals with principles of naming the correspondents in the collection Erotic letters, written by the late antique epistolographer Aristaenetus. The data obtained are placed into a wider context by comparison with naming of the correspondents in a larger and much more praised Alciphron’s collection. Besides some expected similarities, the comparison revealed some significant differences as well: naming in Aristaenetus’ collection is far more imaginative and complex, correct identification of the correspondents is in fact an interesting game of hide and seek, and there are carefully concealed clues in the text of the letters that help the reader with the mystery-solving. The paper points out Aristaenetus’ onomastic innovations and offers an evaluation of their contribution to the overall literary merit of his collection.

The paper discusses the problem of infinity with a special reference to mathematical truth. The roots of this problem, in a sense, go back to early efforts to provide a rational account of the phenomena of change, and the phenomenon of motion in particular, and, in connection with this, to the attempt to cast light on the complex relationship between continuity and discreteness. If mathematics is to serve as a tool of a rational description of the world, is it possible to construct a mathematical model of phenomenal continuity? This question was raised already by Zeno when the Pythagorean hypothesis of the essential ‘granularity’ of the world began to crumble as a result of the discovery of incommensurable magnitudes. The discovery of incommensurable magnitudes, and along with it the discovery of irrational numbers, produced well-known paradoxes and gave rise to the question to what extent, if at all, mathematics can deliver a ‘metaphysical’ description of the world. In more recent times, the idea of infinity was built into the infinitesimal calculus which became the foundation of the mathematical description of nature, but the metaphysical questions have not gone away. The issues surrounding actual and potential infinity continue to be the subject of intense debates. Whereas some recognise only potential infinities, others, like Georg Cantor, accept actually existent infinities. This is directly connected with the question of mathematical truth, which, according to the Platonist tradition exists as objectively given. The paper argues that the Cantorian transfinite set theory cannot withstand criticism, and that rather than providing a (metaphysical) description of reality mathematics merely offers possible models in terms of which the world might be better or more conveniently interpreted. The so-called ‘mathematical truth’ reduces to the question of ‘correctness’, viz. whether a given mathematical proposition does or does not follow from given premises.

This paper deals with documentary film in media culture education, while special emphasis is put on the aspect of student interest for this film genre. Documentary film concept is firstly defined, its basis characteristics are pointed out – different attitude towards reality, matter of objectivity / truthfulness. The paper outlines types of documentary film and shows the context of documentary film in media culture education. The intention is to explore student interest for documentary film or interest for a specific type of documentary film. Questionnaire was used as a methodical procedure. It was composed of seven assertions and two questions. Questionnaire was conducted on the sample of 291 students of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth grades of two elementary schools in Osijek. The results outlined that the questioned students showed interest for documentary film especially for popular-scientific and anthropological documentary film. However, the results also showed that the students did not understand and did not know certain types of documentary film, therefore more attention has to be paid to this film genre in media culture education as well as students have to be encouraged to show greater interests for this film genre.

All the previous works on the art of public speaking have investigated the verbal and nonverbal communication, style, gesture signs, posture, position of torso, leg movements, speaking in the context of time and space, etc. But the case of ignorance or poor knowledge of language of the country, whose head the politician is, has neither been investigated nor elaborated. And that is precisely the case with former Croatian Prime Minister Tihomir Orešković. The main intention of this paper is to determine what kind of impression the former Croatian Prime Minister Tihomir Orešković makes on the public in the context of lack of knowledge of the Croatian language. It also tried to find out his characteristics in public appearance and what impression they make on the public. In order to determine that, for the purpose of this paper we conducted in-depth interviews with experts in the field of social and human sciences that made a review of public appearance and impression that former Prime Minister Orešković made on general public. In order to quantitatively argue the answers obtained from in-depth interviews, we additionally conducted a survey where we examined the impression he made on respondents. For the purpose of additional argumentation the authors also analyzed the content in the form of transcripts of public appearances of former Prime Minister Orešković.

This paper deals with the use of a specific category of thought presentation in Woolf’s stream-of-consciousness novel To the Lighthouse (TTL), called free indirect thought (FIT). Taking a functional perspective on this mode of discourse presentation, the paper is concerned with formal features and stylistic functions of FIT uses in the novel. Samples of FIT presentation of the two main characters have been analyzed within the framework of discourse analysis and pragmatics, taking contextual factors into consideration (external relations of a discourse, social relations between discourse participants). The aim is a qualitative discourse analysis of FIT samples which reveals a correlation between formal features and stylistic functions of FIT, including social differentiation of characters, imitating spoken discourse, as well as provoking empathy or irony on the side of the reader and many more.

The paper analyzes the problem of consumerism as a social phenomenon, consumerism as a modern system of values as well as development, characteristics and possible treatment of addiction to consumption as a new addiction. These phenomena are treated interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary and observed as “instant philosophy of the spirit of consumerism”. Addicts feel pressure to be “trendy” because their aggressive corporate marketing campaigns impose consumerism as a paradigm of successful life. They anxiously strive to new consumer trends, sensational experiences, exhibitionism, to obsessive-compulsive desire to create an image of themselves, promoted by that new consumer (anti) culture. The paper also analyzes studies which consider consumerism as modern culture of material exuberance, what results in different social deviations. Media promote consumerism which is particularly vulnerable for children and young people as well as population in certain critical periods of life. In order to appropriately process problems we made an analysis of the case study and in agreement with the person who has some features of compulsive buying, respecting ethical principles, offer elements of the programme to prevent further problem progression.

The paper observes the family image in those novels by Anto Gardas that are connected by the same protagonists headed by the boy Miron. Ten novels were hence analyzed, which judging by the implicit reader belong to literature for children and youth. The paper observed family depicting and its impact on child and adolescent identity formation. Family as sociemic narrative figure can be found in the background of the “Miron“ circle, but the family relations and growing up under the influence of family models belonging to the same gender influence the child and adolescent identity formation. Gardas depicts the image of a harmonious traditional patriarchal family characterized mainly by stereotypical gender relations and division into public male and private female sphere. Family relations predominantly marked by mutual trust and sense of closeness influence the identity formation of the child and adolescent characters, which are well adjusted and do not show rebellion toward authority or the parental culture.

This paper deals with English compounds in Croatian media discourse. Since we are all aware of the fact that English as a global language has a dominant role and influence in all aspects of life worldwide, all languages excessively borrow from the English language, which has become the main ‘’donor language’’ regarding language borrowing. The analysis for the paper was conducted on articles on business and economy, computer science and technology and fashion and beauty in order to prove the hypothesis that English loan compounds and pseudo-anglicized forms mostly occur in articles on computer science and technology. Comparing the results of all three topical areas, it was proved that English loan compounds are used in a greater extent in articles on computer science and technology than in the other two areas.

This paper focuses on the scene from the song XI from „Osman“, baroque epic poem written by Ivan Gundulić, in which characters observe tapestries depicting Battle of Chocim. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part analyzes the ways in which three observers (the narrator, Ali Pasha and Zborovski) interpret tapestries. The ways in which they do so are associated with the concept and possibility of mirroring reality. The problem is elaborated with reference to visual studies and the theory of fine arts. In the second part of the paper the focus is on mutual differences in the observing tactics. In accordance with the baroque meraviglia, the most unreliable and fragmental point of view turns out to be crucial.

The paper represents the first complete analysis of the natural science texts published in the enlightenment Centennial calendar of Varazdin professor Antun Rozic and his contribution to Croatian calendar tradition, made from the aspect of the history of science. Centennial calendar was explored from the natural science and astronomy point of view. Its influence was also explained since it was one of the most often read books in the 19th century in Northern Croatia. The work was compared with chronological line of older Croatian popular calendars preceded by the German original M. Knauer’s Centennial calendar on the basis of which it was partly made. The paper analyzes in details heterogeneous materials given by the Centennial calendar. Rozic’s work is especially compared with the calendars of the most productive pre-enlightenment writer Tomas Miklousic. It also explores the influence of the older authors. Significance which the calendars had in enlightening Croatian people is also interpreted. Different natural science contents, published by both authors in their works, are compared. Besides the analysis from the aspect of the history of science, Rozic’s calendar was also shown as a practical book, everyday guidebook for all people, written with the aim to enlighten and improve life and economy. Different topics were analyzed: natural science, astronomy, astrology, calendar, meteorology, economy, pharmacology, veterinary medicine and agriculture. In the period when it was made it was the first real encyclopedia of practical knowledge for improvement of life and economy.

On the basis of unexplored archive data the paper gave information on the ill and deceased inmates of the Prison Camp in Velika Pisanica, a place in the vicinity of Bjelovar. The research found 84 ill or wounded inmates both male and female and children who were sent for treatment to the District hospital of Bjelovar and were there during summer of 1945. Treatments had different outcomes, e. g. full cure, improved condition, uncured condition or death. On the basis of living conditions in the camps morbidity is connected to diseases such as infectious diseases (typhoid, dysentery, tuberculosis, diphtheria), venereal diseases (endometriosis, syphilis), inflammatory diseases (abscesses, phlegmon), abortions with death because of sepsis and premature births, typical for camp conditions. According to the data we got four camp inmates died in the mentioned period. Three of them were women who died of infections and sepsis and one man who died of heart disease and inanition. Since the accurate number of camp inmates, ill, gone and deceased in the Prison camp of Velika Pisanica during and after the Second World War has not been researched and defined yet this paper is a contribution for further research in defining the living conditions, morbidity and death of the imprisoned in the Prison Camp in Velika Pisanica.

The paper aims to explore frequency of conceptual metaphors in political discourse of the post-Dayton era in Bosnia and Herzegovina, prove that politicians use metaphors to convince the target “auditorium” that their views, ideas, procedures and acts are correct and check if conceptual metaphor is really the most often and the most powerful type of metaphor used in the political discourse. In other words the paper will try to prove that metaphor is present in everyday speech and that it has a very important role in conceptualization of the world around us, while politicians use it for convincing and propaganda in political rhetorical language. The research covers period characterized by intense discussions about the so-called April package of constitutional changes – March-April 2006.

Purpose of this paper is to explore educational contents offered to students in order to prepare them for better coping at the labor market upon finishing their studies. Therefore we mention the results of research on education for employees’ personal marketing during their studies at the public university. Exploring of students in the business higher education system gives their attitudes about lectures and workshops about employees’in order to prepare them for more efficient transition from the faculty to the labor market. Research results point out the need for educational contents of personal marketing during their studies. The paper gives a draft of certain educational contents in the form of unique educational modules of employees’ personal marketing.

This article discusses the legal and political context regarding the origin of money in the Croatian political space. Namely, the paper presents a historical and legal review starting from the Ancient Times, e.g. the oldest Croatian money of king Andrew II to the present official Croatian currency. In addition to the legal and historical aspects of the official Croatian money, the paper also discusses fate of Croatian money after Croatia’s accession to the European Union and to the European Monetary Union, i.e. the Eurozone.

This paper describes learners’ beliefs about foreign language learning and teaching. The introduction discusses various definitions of learner beliefs and conflicting attitudes of some authors in this regard. The second part of the paper is a description of a research covering 120 elementary school students who have been learning English as their second language. BALLI questionnaire (Beliefs about Language Learning Inventory) was used to collect the data. Learner beliefs about foreign language aptitude, the nature and difficulty of language learning, learning and communication strategies and motivation are analyzed and interpreted in the light of practical experience in the classroom. The implications of these findings for EFL teaching are discussed in the final part of the paper.

The paper is focused on correlation between diplomatic profession and ethical behaviour. Using three main moments in the history of diplomatic profession, the author is considering possibility of ethical behaviour in terms of diplomacy and foreign affairs. The first moment is based on Machiavelli’s view on the role of representative in foreign kingdom in order to explain and later to compare his vision with current vision of representative’s duties. Further on, using important historic events and thoughts of theorists, paper shows and analyzes moral dillemas in diplomacy. The final part is focused on establishing Dissent Channel in the State Department which is important because it seemingly gave American diplomats opportunity to act according to their consciousness.

The paper gives an overview of field researches made by the oldest Study of Archaeology in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was established in 2001 at the University of Mostar. Although the staff of Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mostar, has participated in many other researches, this paper includes only those organized by the Department of Archaeology in the framework of their annual field teaching.

Andric is, among other things, a writer who brings to life every aspect of existence of a man, what he particularly showed in his critical essay. This paper deals with essays on Goya and Petrarca. In Andric’s collected works, published posthumously, the first part, called History and Legend, skillfully describes the tragic of the undestined love of Laura and Petrarch, while the most important part for philosophical aesthetics would be Petrarch’s later reflections on the image of Laura while her staying in Avignon. Here the author combines distinctive aesthetic objects from nature (landscape), which he alone had a chance to see. They will be presented in the paper through quotations. In essays about the great Spanish romantic painter Francesco Goya, Andric actually argues, in form of a dialogue, the validity and nature of a work of art. The definition of a work of art is yet to be produced neither by the contemporary, nor by the earlier aesthetic theories. There are four aesthetic theories which tried to answer this question. Andric tried to argue for the character of a work of art very boldly through on one side, the person and work of one of the greatest protagonists of Spanish plastic art – Goya, and on the other side the figure of the protagonist of Italian renaissance – Petrarch. His attitude would today be called an “Andrician” approach, because it combines priorly mentioned theories, which were validated in conversations with Goya.