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The article discusses the crucial relation between culture, history and politics. The author starts with an analysis of Hans Ulrich Wehler's Gesellschaftsgeschichte and Walter Benjamin's famous article «Edward Fuchs, Collector and Historian». It focuses in particular on Wehler's concept of society and his theory of social history and Benjamin's use of «collective history». In a second part, the article deals with the contemporary German debate on memory and remembrance and the guiding difference between history and cultural studies, society and community. Above all, the author argues that the question of method is a political one. The paper pursues a more ambitious objective, which is to determine the theoretical and therefore political statutes of collective memory in times of contingency.

«Internationalisation» and «Europeanisation» became key themes since the 1990s, both in higher education policy debates and in research on higher education. Higher education policy is still predominantly shaped at a national level; and as such, it still tends not only to reflect but to underscore the specific traditions and circumstances of individual countries. However, a number of different trends, many of which can be grouped together under the general heading of «internationalisation», have begun to challenge the predominance of the nation state as the main determinant of the character of universities and colleges. Internationalisation is contributing to, if not leading, a process of rethinking the social, cultural and economic roles of higher education and their configuration in national systems of higher education. This paper addresses the different impacts of internationalisation as a challenge to German higher education, it analyses the role of the European Union and the Bologna process, as well as the ice-breaker function of internationalisation for higher education reform in Germany. A closer look at the complex and dynamic multilevel set-up of internationalisation in European higher education reveals that it not only means varying border-crossing activities that are on the rise, but rather substantial changes towards systematic policies and a growing awareness of international cooperation and competition in a globalising higher education market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]