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Departing from the notion of the “making of a socialist type of personality”, the article traces out an unparalleled, comparative analysis of the female image as it has been fashioned during the post-war period by the Soviet magazine “Krestjanka” (“Peasant”, founded in 1922) and by its Polish counterpart “Przyjaciółka” (“Friend”), established in 1948. In particular, it analyses the shift from the highly recognizable roles Soviet ideologists were pleading for by dividing women between “workers” and “peasants” (as synthesized by the very titles of the two most popular female periodicals in the USSR) to a more complex image of “friend”. In the People’s Republic of Poland (PRL) ideological propaganda went along with the attempt to give voice to women themselves. In this perspective letters addressed by the readers to the editorial board became a main feature of the magazine itself, turning it into a discussion platform which played an essential role in overcoming of the trauma of war.

Escherichia coli can harbor a broad repertoire of virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, which can be exchanged across the human gastrointestinal microflora, thus posing a public health risk. In this study, six batches of artisanal soft cheese and a 6-month ripened fermented dried sausage were investigated to assess the occurrence, phylogeny, and genomic traits (AMR, virulence, and mobilome) of E. coli. Thirty and three strains isolated from salami and cheese food chains, respectively, were confirmed as E. coli by whole genome sequencing. The accumulation of single nucleotide polymorphism differences within small clusters of strains encompassing batches or processing stages, combined with high serotype and phylogroup diversity, suggested the occurrence of different contamination phenomena among the facilities. A total of eight isolates harbored plasmid-mediated resistance genes, including one cheese strain that carried an IncQ1 plasmid carrying AMR determinants to macrolides [mph(B)], sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), trimethoprim (dfrA1), and aminoglycosides [aph(3'')-Ib and aph(6)-Id]. A pool of virulence-associated genes in the class of adhesion, colonization, iron uptake, and toxins, putative ColV-positive iron uptake systems sit, iro, or iuc (eight salami and two cheese), plasmid-encoded hemolysin operon hlyABCD (one salami), and potential atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (three salami environment) were reported. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of routine surveillance of E. coli in the artisanal food chain to prevent the dissemination of AMR and virulence.

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