19 results
Search Results
2. Heterogeneous delayed enhancement of hepatic parenchyma after intravenous infusion of sonographic contrast agent: a new hypothesis.
- Author
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Caruso G, Martegani A, Aiani L, Borghi C, Verderame F, Campisi A, Salvaggio G, Lagalla R, and Cardinale AE
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Hepatic Artery diagnostic imaging, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Liver blood supply, Liver Circulation physiology, Male, Mesenteric Veins diagnostic imaging, Microbubbles, Middle Aged, Portal Vein diagnostic imaging, Time Factors, Ultrasonography, Contrast Media administration & dosage, Image Enhancement methods, Liver diagnostic imaging, Phospholipids administration & dosage, Sulfur Hexafluoride administration & dosage
- Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this paper was to report a heterogeneous late-phase hepatic enhancement pattern observed after administration of a sonographic contrast agent and to present an aetiological hypothesis for the phenomenon., Materials and Methods: A total of 1,729 (1,012 women and 717 men; age range 28-82; mean age 51) patients underwent contrast-enhanced sonography of the liver. The examination was performed with a low mechanical index (MI <0.09) after injection of sulphur-hexafluoride-filled microbubbles, using different sonographic equipment and different contrast-specific algorithms., Results: Heterogeneous delayed liver enhancement was observed in six patients in the late phase (180 s), with the presence of multiple, partially confluent, hyperechoic areas peripheral to the portal vessels. The pattern appeared spontaneously between 1 and 4 h after the examination and was associated with the presence of an anomalous echogenicity in the superior mesenteric vein. No patient experienced adverse reactions., Conclusions: The phenomenon of heterogeneous hepatic enhancement may be related to gas from the intestinal microcirculation being transported to via the enteroportal circulation and becoming trapped in the hepatic sinusoids.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. [Imaging of living donor liver transplantation].
- Author
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Leni D, Trevisan R, and Vanzulli A
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Angiography, Biopsy, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Liver pathology, Liver Diseases diagnosis, Liver Diseases diagnostic imaging, Liver Diseases pathology, Male, Sex Factors, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color, Cholangiography methods, Liver anatomy & histology, Liver diagnostic imaging, Liver Transplantation, Living Donors, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods
- Abstract
Purpose: This paper presents our experience in the evaluation of 23 potential living liver donors examined from January 2001 to December 2002., Materials and Methods: Between January 2001 and December 2002, a total of 23 potential living liver donors were evaluated (20 men, 3 women; mean age 30 years) with MSCT and MR. Vascular reconstructions (MIP and Thin MIP) and volumetric evaluation of liver "in toto" and of the right hepatic lobe to be harvested were obtained with CT. MR was performed with in- and out-of-phase GE acquisitions in order to detect liver steatosis and with SSFSE T2 weighted thick-slab (50 mm) coronal acquisitions to obtain MR cholangiography. MR cholangiography was also obtained with post-contrast (Gd-BOPTA 90 min) 3D GE thin (1.5 mm) coronal sequences. Ten potential living liver donors also underwent angiography., Results: The radiological examinations demonstrated abnormalities of the portal vein bifurcation in 7/23 potential living liver donors, variants of the arterial anatomy in 5/23 and abnormalities of the biliary anatomy in 20/23. One case showed gallbladder dysmorphism. The MR examinations led to the exclusion from the transplantation of one potential living liver donor owing to the detection of liver steatosis that was subsequently confirmed by biopsy. 7/23 potential living liver donors were considered eligible for the surgical procedure and underwent preoperative colour Doppler sonography and intraoperative cholangiography., Conclusions: The diagnostic protocols used at our centre provide the clinician with important information and an exhaustive picture of the hepatic anatomy to evaluate the inclusion of potential living liver donors in the transplantation program.
- Published
- 2004
4. [Demonstration of TT virus in liver tissue fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin].
- Author
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Foschini MP, Morandi L, Macchia S, Dal Monte PR, and Pession A
- Subjects
- Adult, Base Sequence, Biopsy, Needle, DNA, Viral chemistry, Formaldehyde, Hepatitis C virology, Humans, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Paraffin, Liver virology, Tissue Fixation methods, Torque teno virus isolation & purification
- Abstract
Introduction: TT virus has been recently isolated in Japan in patients with acute and chronic non-A/non-G hepatitis. Its possible etiopathogenetic role in causing hepatitis has been initially taken in consideration. On the contrary, more recent studies deny the importance of TT virus in causing liver damage. Most of the studies are based on serological data or on viral detection from frozen liver tissue., Aim of the Study: In the present paper we describe a method to detect viral genome from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded liver tissue., Materials and Methods: Twelve needle biopsies from liver were studied. Six cases were selected on the basis of serological negativity for HBV and HCV markers. Five cases of HCV-related chronic hepatitis and one HCV- and HIV-positive intravenous drug abuser were also included. All patients underwent liver biopsy, performed with a 14-G needle. Liver specimens were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded as routine. From each block, sections were cut and stained for histopathologic examination. Additional 5 microns sections were employed to extract DNA for nested PCR., Results: In 2 of 12 cases studied, TT virus genome was found. In both cases the presence of viral DNA was confirmed by sequencing. Both patients were male. The first patient was a 39-year-old HIV- and HCV-positive intravenous drug abuser. The second patient was a 60-year-old heavy alcohol drinker. In both cases the presence of TT virus apparently did not affect the histological picture., Conclusion: It is possible to detect TT virus genome from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. This method offers the possibility to perform retrospective studies.
- Published
- 2001
5. [Isolated hepatocytes and their potential therapeutic use].
- Author
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Puviani AC, Ottolenghi C, Pazzi P, and Morsiani E
- Subjects
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Liver cytology
- Abstract
Isolated hepatocytes in culture represent an idoneous system for the study of liver physiology and metabolism. Furthermore, they are also widely utilized in pharmacological and toxicological study, in evaluating xenobiotic substance effects on the liver. In this paper, we reviewed the enzymatic methods for liver cell isolation in some mammalian species, as well as the techniques for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of cell number, vitality, purity, morphology and function. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in hepatocyte transplantation and hepatocyte-based liver support systems. From a clinical point of view, isolated hepatocytes could be useful in temporarily substituting an acutely damaged liver, a liver affected by a chronic pathology, or to correct an inherited liver disease carrying a severe metabolic derangement. Early experimental results of allogeneic hepatocyte transplantation, as well as the first clinical trials of bioartificial liver support systems employing xenogeneic hepatocytes are promising and contribute to maintain that interest in liver cell isolation and purification methods.
- Published
- 2000
6. [Ischemic hepatitis: case reports and a review of the literature].
- Author
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Colivicchi F, Guerrera C, Bevilacqua E, Guerrera E, and Melina D
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Aged, Heart Failure complications, Heart Failure physiopathology, Hepatitis diagnosis, Hepatitis physiopathology, Humans, Ischemia diagnosis, Ischemia physiopathology, Male, Terminology as Topic, Hepatitis etiology, Ischemia etiology, Liver blood supply
- Abstract
Ischemic hepatitis represents a condition in which an acute circulatory failure determines a striking elevation of both serum transaminases and total bilirubin and a prolongation of prothrombin time. Such impairment of liver function tests is due to a haemodynamic hepatocyte injury, showing focal centrilobular necrosis as the specific pathologic correlate. In this paper the authors describe four different cases of ischemic hepatitis, in which an acute derangement of liver function tests occurred as a consequence either of myocardial failure or of systemic venous congestion. Finally, the authors review all current international literature concerning the various clinical, pathologic and therapeutic features of ischemic hepatitis.
- Published
- 1995
7. [Blunt hepatic and splenic trauma: indications for conservative treatment based on computerized tomography].
- Author
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Frola C, Casiglia M, Cantoni S, Loria F, and Leoni C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Hemoperitoneum etiology, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Liver diagnostic imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Spleen diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Wounds, Nonpenetrating complications, Liver injuries, Spleen injuries, Wounds, Nonpenetrating diagnostic imaging, Wounds, Nonpenetrating therapy
- Abstract
In this paper the authors try to define CT criteria for the evaluation of hepatic and splenic injuries in blunt abdominal traumas, to suggest and guide the nonoperative management of trauma in hemodynamically stable patients. The predictive value of CT on the outcome of the nonoperative treatment in adult patients with blunt hepatic and splenic trauma is trusted more and more also thanks to the good results of conservative management in similar injuries in pediatric patients. Thus, we reviewed 314 emergency abdominal CT scans performed in our center March 1990 to March 1992. The hepatic and splenic injuries detected on CT scans were evaluated according to a CT-based injury classification in grades, with a score reflecting progressive severity of lesions. Moreover, the presence of intraperitoneal hemorrhage was determined and quantified on the basis of a standard classification system. Of 314 cases, CT revealed blunt hepatic injury in 17 patients and blunt splenic injury in 38. We excluded the patients who exhibited, besides the hepatic or splenic injury, other severe visceral lesions which might need surgery. Nonoperative management was attempted in 9 of 17 patients with hepatic injury and in 4 of 38 patients with splenic injury detected by CT; the scores given according to the above classification system were compared with the clinical outcome. The results indicate that hepatic injuries up to and including grade III, as assessed by CT, can be successfully managed without surgery in hemodynamically stable patients. As for splenic traumas, nonoperative management was attempted in a very small number of patients. Even though a case of grade-III splenic injury in our series was successfully treated without surgery, this may not be the rule, because the outcome of splenic injury and of intraperitoneal hemorrhage is often unpredictable.
- Published
- 1993
8. [Ligation of the hilar arteries in hemorrhages due to traumatic rupture of the liver].
- Author
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Musiani R, Bartoli R, and Barlettani P
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Emergencies, Hemoperitoneum etiology, Hemoperitoneum surgery, Hemorrhage etiology, Hemostasis, Surgical methods, Humans, Ligation, Liver blood supply, Male, Rupture, Hemorrhage surgery, Hepatic Artery surgery, Liver injuries
- Abstract
The paper reports two cases of severe hematoperitoneum due to the traumatic rupture, or so-called explosion, of the liver. During surgery one of these cases underwent ligature of the right and left hepatic arteries, while the other only underwent right hepatic arterial ligature. Selective arteriography at varying intervals after surgery showed that vascular occlusion had taken place together with the creation of an adequate compensation circle. Both patients now lead absolutely normal lives, respectively five and two years after surgery. This technique of hemostasis, which is reserved for use in cases of otherwise unresolvable hepatic hemorrhage, although still rarely used, should form part of every surgeon's general training since it might prove unexpectedly essential.
- Published
- 1993
9. [Clamping the suprahepatic inferior vena cava in emergency surgery. Technical note].
- Author
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Ruotolo F, Ferrini L, Petrangeli SM, Bedini C, and Andrich R
- Subjects
- Constriction, Emergencies, Humans, Liver injuries, Surgical Procedures, Operative methods, Liver surgery, Vena Cava, Inferior
- Abstract
In major hepatic surgery the temporary exclusion of the vena cava may be achieved using a variety of more or less complex procedures. Alternatively, for use above all in emergency surgery, the paper illustrates a method of clamping the suprahepatic inferior vena cava using a left lateral route, which is quick to carry out and undoubtedly efficient.
- Published
- 1992
10. [Effects of metadoxine on main biohumoral changes induced by chronic alcoholism].
- Author
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Corsini G, Gelso E, and Giuliano G
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Liver Function Tests, Male, Middle Aged, Pyridoxine therapeutic use, Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid therapeutic use, Time Factors, Alcoholism drug therapy, Drug Combinations, Liver drug effects, Liver Diseases, Alcoholic drug therapy, Pyridoxine pharmacology, Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid pharmacology
- Abstract
The paper aims to evaluate the effects of metadoxine on liver function tests in chronic alcohol abusers without a clear alcohol dependence, by means of an open trial carried out in 7 hospitals in Tuscany. The study comprised 72 patients with a daily alcohol intake of at least 80 g for men and 30 g for women, over a period of at least 5 years. The patients were urgently requested to stop drinking, and were randomly divided into 2 groups, of which the first (52 subjects) was treated with metadoxine (500 mg twice a day) and the second (20 subjects) received only some vitamins. Interviews and blood tests were performed 1 and 2 months after the trial began. Statistical calculations were made using the chi-square and Student's tests. Metadoxine induced a more rapid reduction of SGOT and SGPT and, possibly, of Gammagt; these effects were especially evident, and were associated with a significant reduction of MCV, in 20 patients (12 in the first group and 8 in the second) in whom blood test abnormalities were greatest. No unfavorable side effects were observed that could be attributed to the drug. Metadoxine can therefore be considered a valuable resource in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.
- Published
- 1992
11. [The use of ultrasonically-guided needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of hepatic lesions].
- Author
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Geroni PL, Caffi Avogadri GM, and Costardi F
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biopsy, Needle, Cytodiagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Liver diagnostic imaging, Liver Diseases pathology, Liver Neoplasms diagnosis, Liver Neoplasms pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Ultrasonography, Liver pathology, Liver Diseases diagnosis
- Abstract
The paper reports the results of 68 ultrasonically-guided fine needle aspirations of the liver. Histological confirmation was carried out in 24 cases and in 2 of these there was discrepancy with regard to the type of malignant neoplasia (hepatocarcinoma versus metastasis following adenocarcinoma). Following a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasonically-guided fine needle aspiration of hepatic lesions in comparison to other techniques, including CT, RNM, angiography, laparoscopy and scintigraphy, the specificity, sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of the method are determined. Particular emphasis is placed on the ease of performance, the possibility of reaching concealed targets, the limited nature of complications and the reduced cost. The Authors conclude that this technique should be preferentially used in the diagnosis of nodular hepatic lesions.
- Published
- 1990
12. [First observations on the effect of various dietary oils on liver fatty acids in bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)].
- Author
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Borgatti AR, Trigari G, Pagliarani A, Ventrella V, and Pirini M
- Subjects
- Animals, Microsomes, Liver metabolism, Mitochondria, Liver metabolism, Oils metabolism, Dietary Fats metabolism, Fatty Acids metabolism, Fishes metabolism, Liver metabolism
- Abstract
A close relationship between dietary oils and fatty acid composition of bass liver and liver microsomes and mitochondria is reported in the present paper. Among the data the most relevant is the evidence for elongation and desaturation of dietary 18:3 n-3 and 18:2 n-6, giving as a result an increase of 22:6 n-3 and 20:4 n-6 levels respectively. The importance of such findings in carnivore marine fish is discussed and compared with literature data.
- Published
- 1984
13. [Cold adaptation and changes in peroxisome enzyme in various organs of the rat].
- Author
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Locci-Cubeddu T, Cizza G, Formichi R, Marcassa C, and Bergamini E
- Subjects
- Alcohol Oxidoreductases metabolism, Animals, Catalase metabolism, D-Amino-Acid Oxidase metabolism, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Urate Oxidase metabolism, Adaptation, Physiological, Adipose Tissue, Brown enzymology, Cold Temperature, Kidney enzymology, Liver enzymology, Microbodies enzymology, Organoids enzymology
- Abstract
In the rat brown fat peroxisomes - thermogenetic organules - an peroxisomal enzyme activities undergo remarkable changes during the adaptation to cold of the animals (see 3). In this paper was show that changes of peroxisomal enzyme activities occur also in liver and kidney during cold-adaptation. Catalase, L-hydroxyacid oxidase, uricase and D-aminoacid oxidase (DAO) were assayed as in (6). During cold-adaptation, the activity of the former three enzymes (Table 2) increases with the weight of the organs (Table 1) whereas that of DAO exhibits a much larger increase (Table 3). Results are discussed with regard to the contribution of the liver to non-shivering thermogenesis.
- Published
- 1982
14. [Differences in glutathione oxidation and transpeptidylation between normal liver and hepatomas (author's transl)].
- Author
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Rossi MA, Cecchini G, and Dianzani MU
- Subjects
- Animals, Oxidation-Reduction, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, gamma-Glutamyltransferase metabolism, Glutathione metabolism, Liver metabolism, Liver Neoplasms, Experimental metabolism
- Abstract
Total homogenates from liver tissues, as well from Morris 3924 A and Yoshida AH-I30 hepatomas display a different degree of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBArs) when incubated "in vitro". It is well known that carbonyl compounds arising from lipoperoxidative decomposition of unsaturated fatty acids can easily react with reduced glutathione (GSH). So, the decay in GSH we have shown in previous experiments could be accounted for GSH trapping by the formed aldehydes. Some discrepancies were, however, seen when the decay in GSH and the increase in GSSG were compared, both in normal and in tumour tissues. It is known that GSH can be destroyed not only through oxidative process, but also through the action of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase. In the present paper the decrease of total (TG) and reduced (GSH) glutathione was followed and compared with both the increase in GSSG and the increase in the production of TBArs, during "in vitro" incubation. In normal liver, increase in TBArs production parallels the decay in GSH concentration; GSSG, on the contrary, increases. In AH-I30 Yoshida hepatoma cells, TBArs production is lower and GSSG is also decreased. In 3924 A Morris hepatoma GSH decrease is similar to that observed in the liver, while TBArs production is lower and GSSG is also decreased. Analysis of TG content during the incubation-time suggests that GSH decay in both hepatoma types is essentially due to gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase action, whilst GSH oxidation to GSSG is decreased.
- Published
- 1981
15. [S-adenosyl(5')-3-methylthiopropylamine as substrate and inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine lyase from rat liver].
- Author
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Porcelli M, Della Ragione F, Cacciapuoti G, and Cartenì-Farina M
- Subjects
- Animals, Rats, Carboxy-Lyases, Enzyme Inhibitors, Liver enzymology, S-Adenosylmethionine analogs & derivatives, S-Adenosylmethionine pharmacology
- Abstract
The present paper reports the study on a lyase in rat liver which decomposes S-adenosylmethionine into 5'-methylthioadenosine and alpha-amino-gamma-butyrolactone. The partial purification of this enzyme and some of its properties are discussed. S-adenosyl(5')-3-methylthiopropylamine, the decarboxylated analog of AdoMet, exerts a non-competitive inhibition of the enzyme whereas is inactive as substrate. The reported results demonstrate the relevance of the carboxyl group of AdoMet for the mechanism of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the sulfonium compound.
- Published
- 1980
16. [Update on the subject of trophism and liver regeneration].
- Author
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Morsiani E, Gorini P, Fogli L, and Santini A
- Subjects
- Epidermal Growth Factor physiology, Glucagon metabolism, Humans, Insulin metabolism, Liver metabolism, Tissue Extracts pharmacology, Liver surgery, Liver Regeneration
- Abstract
Present knowledge of hepatic trophism and regeneration after partial resection of the parenchyma is reviewed. The importance of the various factors influencing hepatic regeneration (so-called hepatotrophic factors) is stressed by examining the most interesting data reported in the literature. In particular, an attempt is made to classify such factors according to their origin (e.g. hepatic or extra-hepatic) and specificity of action. A brief discussion of the clinical implications of this research and current treatment for acute and chronic hepatic insufficiency, with particular reference to the latest surgical techniques, closes the paper.
- Published
- 1984
17. [Effect of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate on the L-glutamate dehydrogenase activity of the bovine liver].
- Author
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Pompucci G, Micheli V, and Berti D
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Liver drug effects, NAD metabolism, Glutamate Dehydrogenase metabolism, Liver enzymology, Pentosephosphates pharmacology, Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate pharmacology
- Abstract
Bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a very complex enzyme in its molecular structure and activity regulation. The present paper deals with the effect of PRPP on GDH activity. This phosphate sugar, playing a key role in purine metabolism, behaves as an effector in the L-glutamate oxidation, showing both an activating effect (at low L-glu concentration) and an inhibiting one (as far as 40%), increasing with L-glu and coenzyme (3-acetyl-pyridine adenine dinucleotide) concentration. The inhibition is quite evident at low PRPP concentration, thus suggesting a physiologic role in cellular regulation of GDH activity.
- Published
- 1980
18. [Serum bile acids in cirrhosis: correlation with liver function parameters and with the severity of the disease].
- Author
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Siciliano M, Milani A, Marra L, Arringoli D, and Rossi L
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis physiopathology, Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic blood, Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Bile Acids and Salts blood, Liver physiopathology, Liver Cirrhosis blood
- Abstract
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the relationships among the increase of serum bile acids (SBA) and other common liver function tests in subjects with liver cirrhosis. Our results show that SBA levels are well-correlated with the seriousness of the disease (classified according to Child's criteria), and with the presence of ascites, of oesophageal varices, of hepatic encephalopathy and with the gamma-globulin level. SBA also appear to be well-correlated with total bilirubinemia, and, at a lower extent, with cholesterolemia and albuminemia; no significant linear correlation was found among SBA and cholestasis (alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase) or cytolysis (transaminases) indexes. In conclusion, the SBA increase in liver cirrhosis without evidence of cholestasis (as in our patients) seems to be related to liver cell reuptake disturbances and to the presence of porto-systemic shunts, with consequent alterations in entero-hepatic bile salt recirculation.
- Published
- 1986
19. La patologia epatica cronica nell’anziano
- Author
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Dal Santo, Pierluigi
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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