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The paper analyzes the impact of the plan Next Generation European Union (NGEU) on the rights and duties of European citizens, with particular attention to the decisions adopted to find the financial resources at the supranational level and in the implementation phase at national level. After an initial overview of the social dimension of the plan, the paper focuses on the instruments used to finance it. The issue of a common debt by the EU is analyzed, as well as the legal issues it raises and its prospects. Next, the paper examines the duty of contribution of European citizens, the procedural rules that hinder the building a European tax system supporting the Union budget, and the potential impact of the NGEU on this path. Finally, the paper focuses on fiscal federalisms at the national level, to verify the impact on them of the NGEU implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deliberative democratic processes are threatened by the intentional large-scale misinformation that is spread through the internet and the social networks, which have significantly increased the risk of the electoral manipulation of public opinion. Any good specialist can manage at present the emotions of millions of people to place them at the service of their own interests. Member states of the European Union are organised and collaborate in order to fight against this type of misinformation. This paper analyses how far law can and must react to fake news, evaluating the scope, the nature, the content and protected legal asset of "the right not to be deceived". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on electric cars, whose first exemplars were built at the end of the 19th century, has never completely ceased during the last century, and it received a significant boost since the early '80s, when electric car was seen as a means to mitigate the problem of air pollution in urban areas. However the growth rate over time of the proportion of sales of electric cars to the total volume of car sales in Europe still remains very low. Thus the question arises whether the electric car will continue to play a marginal role in the car market, or whether the data collected so far belong to the first stretch of the S shaped curve of the diffusion of innovations, and they will then be followed by a leap in the proportion of sales. In order to answer this question, this paper presents a dynamic model of competition between two types of cars, one traditional and the other innovative, which has been applied to the study of the evolution over time of the proportion of sales of electric cars in Europe, using the data collected between 2011 and 2019. The study has shown that these data belong to an evolution process that has the S shape of the diffusion of innovations. Thus, if the characteristics of the process will remain unchanged in the next future, it is to be expected that the data collected so far will be followed by a leap in the proportion of sales, and electric car will tend to take a remarkable position in the car market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]