24 results on '"Clerici, Massimo"'
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2. Delirium in the 'young' covid-19 patient (<65 years): preliminary clinical indications [Il delirium nel paziente covid-19 'giovane' (<65 anni): Indicazioni cliniche preliminari]
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Di Giacomo, Ester, Colmegna, Fabrizia, Santorelli, Mario, Pessina, Rodolfo, D'Amico, Emiliano, Marcatili, Matteo, Dakanalis, Antonios, Pavone, Fabrizio, Fagiolini, Andrea, and Clerici, Massimo
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COVID-19 ,Delirium ,Humans ,Drug Interactions ,Middle Aged - Published
- 2021
3. La prescrizione di terapia psicofarmacologica in un campione di soggetti detenuti: uno studio trasversale
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CAPUZZI, ENRICO, VECCHIO, MICOL, RIBOLDI, ILARIA, CLERICI, MASSIMO, BARTOLI, FRANCESCO, Capuzzi, E, Vecchio,M, Riboldi, I, Bartoli, F, Clerici, M, and Vecchio, M
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patologia psichiatrica ,carcere ,terapia - Abstract
Introduzione: Numerosi studi riportano un’alta prevalenza di patologie psichiatriche all’interno delle Case Circondariali (CC), in termini di disturbi psicotici, dell’umore e della personalità [1]. Circa il 50% dei soggetti detenuti affetti da malattia psichiatrica presenta inoltre una condizione di "doppia diagnosi", termine da tempo utilizzato per indicare la compresenza nello stesso paziente di un disturbo mentale grave e di un disturbo da uso di sostanze[2,3].Pochi invece sono gli studi riguardanti la prescrizione di terapie psicofarmacologiche nel contesto carcerario, dove sembra emergere una frequenza 4-6 volte superiore rispetto alla popolazione generale,con un’alta percentuale di trattamenti “off-label”[4]. Scopo del lavoro: Valutazione della prescrizione di terapia psicofarmacologica in un campione di soggetti detenuti Materiali e Metodi: E’uno studio trasversale condotto su 423 soggetti detenuti presso la CC di Bergamo nell’aprile 2016. Il campione è stato suddiviso inizialmente in tre gruppi, sulla base di prescrizione di terapia psicofarmacologica (nessun farmaco, una classe di farmaci, due o più classi di farmaci - polifarmacoterapia). Poiché dalla statistica descrittiva emergeva che il 93.3% dei soggetti che assumeva una classe di farmaci, era in terapia con una o più benzodiazepine, si è optato per suddividere il campione in due gruppi: nessuna terapia prescritta o in polifarmacoterapia. I due gruppi sono stati confrontati sulla base di caratteristiche socio-demografiche,psicopatologiche, tossicologiche, criminologiche. Risultati:Il gruppo che non assumeva nessuna terapia psicofarmacologica (n=124) e il gruppo in polifarmacoterapia (n=106) presentavano una differenza statisticamente significativa per età con media (SD) pari a 35,7 (0,95) e 39,7 (1,08), rispettivamente (p= 0.006). I due gruppi presentavano inoltre una differenza statisticamente significativa per le variabili sesso (p=0,014), presenza di diagnosi psichiatrica (p
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- 2017
4. Fattori predittivi di invio in strutture alternative alla detenzione ordinaria (ex OPG) tra i detenuti inviati per l’accertamento delle infermita’ psichiche in carcere (art. 112c.2 D.P.R. 230/2000)
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CAPUZZI, ENRICO, PINI, ELENA, PROVENZI, MILENA, CROCAMO, CRISTINA, CARRA', GIUSEPPE, CLERICI, MASSIMO, Riboldi, I, Cova, F, Sergio, M, Capuzzi, E, Pini, E, Riboldi, I, Cova, F, Provenzi, M, Sergio, M, Crocamo, C, Carrà, G, Clerici, M, and Carra', G
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Patologia psichiatrica, OPG, carcere, osservazione psichiatrica, gesti autolesivi, suicidio - Abstract
La recentissima approvazione della normativa di superamento degli Ospedali Psichiatrici Giudiziari (OPG) ha posto il clinico psichiatra che opera in carcere di fronte a nuovi interrogativi e a nuove sfide sul trattamento intra ed extra-murario dei detenuti affetti da patologia psichiatrica grave (SMI). Gli studi Italiani condotti sull’argomento sono pochi e quelli internazionali di riferimento riportano percentuali in crescita di detenuti affetti da SMI ed una crescente difficoltà dell’istituzione a farsene carico. Lo studio apre ad indagini esplorative tese ad individuare un modello di caratteristiche di fragilità intrinseca alla sotto-popolazione di detenuti inviati al Reparto di Osservazione Psichiatrica per l’accertamento delle infermità psichiche. Nello specifico sono state ricercate delle caratteristiche associate all‘invio in strutture alternative alla detenzione ordinaria per quei detenuti con esito positivo dell’osservazione.Lo studio è stato condotto in maniera retrospettiva sui dati di tutti i 159 detenuti transitati presso il Reparto di Osservazione Psichiatrica della C.C. di Monza tra il 1 gennaio 2010 e il 31 agosto 2015 e valutati dagli psichiatri del Servizio di Psichiatria Penitenziaria dell’ Ospedale San Gerardo operante all’interno dell’istituto. Sono state raccolte ed analizzate una serie di variabili relative a caratteristiche socio-demografiche, criminologiche, tossicologiche cliniche e di modello comportamentale. Sui dati, raccolti in uno specifico database sono state condotte le analisi statistiche.Le evidenze maggiormente significative nella lettura dei risultati sono state le correlazioni tra l’esito positivo dell’osservazione psichiatrica con la diagnosi di psicosi in asse I, i gesti autolesivi e suicidari compiuti prima dell’ingresso in carcere e un’anamnesi positiva per pregressi accessi in l’Ospedale Psichiatrico Giudiziario. Non si sono evidenziate significatività invece nelle categorie di variabili tossicologiche né in quelle legate al campo d’imputazione e al grado di giudizio. Nel complesso i risultati ottenuti vanno letti tenendo in considerazione alcuni limiti del nostro studio: in particolare l’impossibilità di effettuare (retrospettivamente) una diagnosi con scale standardizzate, ma anche i bias di informazione e di recall propri del metodo di raccolta dati, oltre che il limite derivante dalla numerosità del campione che non ha permesso alcune sotto-analisi esplorative di interesse. I risultati dello studio aprono a nuove prospettive di ricerca: pur nell’impossibilità di effettuare un confronto diretto con le evidenze scientifiche presenti in letteratura (a causa della difficoltà di reperire studi analoghi dovuta, in parte, alle differenze tra i sistemi giuridici e terapeutici dei vari paesi), sono emerse variabili significative, affidabili, facilmente reperibili e altamente standardizzabili. Questi risultati, se confermati da ulteriori studi, potrebbero aiutare il clinico, ma anche il legislatore, a pensare, per i detenuti con determinate caratteristiche, a specifici percorsi/luoghi di cura/detenzione evitando così l’insorgere o l’acuirsi di una sofferenza psichica e dei concomitanti problemi di gestione e custodia in strutture non idonee come le sezioni ordinarie degli istituti di pena.
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- 2016
5. Valutazione e prevenzione del rischio auto/eterolesivo e suicidario in carcere: l’attività di un DSM (Risk assessment and prevention of self-harm, hetero-aggressiveness and suicide in prison: reports from a Department of Mental Health)
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PINI, ELENA, COVA, FRANCESCA, CAPUZZI, ENRICO, PROVENZI, MILENA, MAZZA, UMBERTO, CLERICI, MASSIMO, Riboldi, I, Sergio, M, Mauri, S, Rubelli, P, Truisi, E, Pini, E, Riboldi, I, Cova, F, Capuzzi, E, Provenzi, M, Sergio, M, Mauri, S, Rubelli, P, Truisi, E, Mazza, U, and Clerici, M
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DSM ,carcere ,rischio suicidario ,MED/25 - PSICHIATRIA ,psichiatria ,agiti auto-eterolesivi - Published
- 2015
6. Dear Director
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CARRA', GIUSEPPE, CLERICI, MASSIMO, Carra', G, and Clerici, M
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medical literature ,Editorial ,Italy - Published
- 2015
7. Facial emotion perception (fep) e disorganizzazione in soggetti affetti da schizofrenia e substance use disorder (Sud)
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CASTELLANO, FILIPPO, LAX, ANNAMARIA, GAMBA, GIULIA, SANTAMBROGIO, JACOPO, TREMOLADA, MARTINA, ROSSETTI, AURORA, AMIDANI, FRANCESCA, CARRA', GIUSEPPE, PAPAGNO, COSTANZA, CLERICI, MASSIMO, CAPUZZI, ENRICO, CROCAMO, CRISTINA, Nava, R, Castellano, F, Lax, A, Gamba, G, Santambrogio, J, Tremolada, M, Rossetti, A, Amidani, F, Capuzzi, E, Crocamo, C, Nava, R, Carra', G, Papagno, C, and Clerici, M
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Social Cognition ,Schizofrenia ,Abuso ,Alcol ,Facial Emotion Perception ,Sostanze - Abstract
INTRODUZIONE: La Schizofrenia è una patologia cronica caratterizzata dalla presenza di sintomi positivi, negativi, disorganizzazione del pensiero e del comportamento con una progressiva compromissione delle funzioni socio cognitive(1). In particolare, il deficit nel riconoscimento delle emozioni può rappresentare uno degli aspetti più gravi alla base dei problemi interpersonali dei soggetti affetti da schizofrenia(2). Inoltre questi pazienti presentano spesso in comorbidità una condizione di abuso di alcol e sostanze(3). SCOPO DEL LAVORO: confrontare la FEP in pazienti affetti da Schizofrenia che utilizzano sostanze (SKZ+SUD) rispetto agli schizofrenici senza SUD in comorbilità (SKZSUD). Materiali e Metodi: si tratta di uno studio descrittivoosservazionale. Sono stati reclutati 53 soggetti (M=40; F=13) con diagnosi di Schizofrenia secondo il DSMIV (valutata attraverso la Structured Clinical Interview for DSMIV, SCID I). Il campione è stato suddiviso a seconda della presenza o meno dell’abuso di alcol e sostanze correlato (valutato con l’Alcohol e la Drug Use Scale AUS e DUS in due gruppi, che sono stati poi confrontati per quanto riguarda le caratteristiche sociodemografiche e cliniche (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale PANSS e derivati indici di Bell: sintomi positivi, negativi e disorganizzazione). E’ stata analizzata quindi l’associazione tra condizione di abuso e risultati ottenuti al test di Ekman, che valuta la FEP, controllando per variabili sociodemografiche e cliniche. RISULTATI: I due gruppi SKZ+SUD (n=20; M=16, F=4) e SKZSUD (n=33; M=24, F=9) presentano una differenza statisticamente significativa per età con media (SD) pari a 38,4 (10,5) negli abusatori e 46,0 (8,7) nei non abusatori (p= 0,006) e per pendenze legali (p=0,03). Al test di Ekman il gruppo degli abusatori (media=43,1; SD=6,9) mostra un punteggio statisticamente più alto (p=0,006) rispetto ai non abusatori (media=34,6; SD=12,0). La differenza di punteggio è risultata più evidente nel confronto con i poliabusatori (44,94±7,05 vs 34,6±12,04; p=0.002). E’ stato inoltre osservato il ruolo della disorganizzazione ideticocomportamentale come mediatore della relazione tra condizione di abuso e punteggio al riconoscimento facciale (p=0,017). La proporzione dell’effetto di abuso sul punteggio del test di Ekman, mediato dalla disorganizzazione, è risultato pari al 48%. CONCLUSIONI: Nei soggetti affetti da schizofrenia la FEP sembra essere meno compromessa negli abusatori rispetto ai non abusatori. Emerge inoltre un importante ruolo della disorganizzazione ideticocomportamentale come mediatore tra SKZ+SUD e FEP. 1) Kohler, C. G., Walker, J. B., Martin, E. A., Healey, K. M., & Moberg, P. J. (2009). Facial emotion perception in schizophrenia: a metaanalytic review.Schizophrenia bulletin, sbn192. 2) Edwards, J., Jackson, H. J., & Pattison, P. E. (2002). Emotion recognition via facial expression and affective prosody in schizophrenia: a methodological review. Clinical psychology review, 22(6), 789832. 3) Green, A., Drake, R., Brunette, M., & Noordsy, D. (2007). Schizophrenia and cooccurring substance use disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(3), 402408.
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- 2015
8. BPD Floading: emergenza clinica
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di GIACOMO, ESTER, CLERICI, MASSIMO, di GIACOMO, E, and Clerici, M
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Disturbo Borderline DP - Published
- 2015
9. Tavola rotonda e dibattito.
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Alberti, Giorgio G., Biccardi, Tommaso, Clerici, Massimo, D'Elia, Antonello, De Marinis, Donatella, Edelstein, Cécile, Giannichedda, Maria Grazia, Laganà, Santi, Lattuada, Pier Luigi, Madeddu, Fabio, Meluso, Andrea S., Migone, Paolo, Mistura, Stefano, Nahon, Leo, Orsini, Bruno, Pozzi, Giuseppe Oreste, Restori, Antonio, Scapicchio, Pier Luigi, and Zerbetto, Riccardo
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- 2019
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10. Rocco: un destino di cronicità?
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Santambrogio, Jacopo, Giancontieri, Antonino, Sabucco, Giuseppe, Clerici, Massimo, and Cavalleri, Pietro R.
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- 2018
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11. Dall'OPG alle REMS: studio di risk assessment in una popolazione psichiatrico forense
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ROSSETTO, ILARIA, Rossetto, I, and CLERICI, MASSIMO
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violence risk assessment ,forensic hospital ,MED/25 - PSICHIATRIA - Abstract
The legislative innovation introduced by Law 81/2014 ratified that the implementation of the custodial Security Measures and the consequent admission in REMS (Residences for the Execution of Security Measures) of psychiatric patients offenders constituted a condition of extrema ratio to be activated only where "every other measure has proved to be not appropriate to ensure adequate care and to cope with the patient's social dangerousness". Given that the law has intervened on a legal structure unchanged and rigidly focused on the concept, now obsolete, of social dangerousness, it was expected that the new legislative orientation determined a clear reduction of the custodial Security Measures in view of a more objective and clear assessment of category of danger best described as a risk of recidivism. In fact it was expected that the forensic psychiatry could finally participate in the "scientific" construction of the social dangerousness’ concept, based on the survey and evaluation of the presence and extent of potential risk factors and protection in the case, with the prospect of contribute to a sort of "risk assessment" of violent behavior of the psychic suffering. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to assess how the intervention of the law 81 has changed number and social dangerousness profile of patients undergone a custodial security measure. METHODS: We recruited all patients interned in the Judicial Psychiatric Hospital of Castiglione delle Stiviere in the previous year of the REMS’ opening and compared, about social dangerousness and clinical and legal variables, to all the subjects interned within the following year of the Judicial Psychiatric Hospital closure. The assessment of the risk of recidivism (risk assessment) was carried out by the administering of actuarial scales (VRAG; HCR-20, PCL-R) capable of identifying a risk class. RESULTS: Analysis of the data would seem to indicate that the legislative innovation nothing has changed in terms of the number of designations and hazard profiles, glimpsing a wide level of criticality regarding the ways and possibilities of application of the law itself.
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- 2017
12. Ruolo della corteccia prefrontale mediale (mPFC) nei processi di alimentazione e nei disturbi ad essa associate
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ZUGLIAN, PABLO, Zuglian, P, and CLERICI, MASSIMO
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TMS, Eating Disorders, Feeding, mPFC ,MED/25 - PSICHIATRIA - Abstract
Nella nostra società le patologie legate al peso e i Disturbi del Comportamento Alimentare (DCA) sono problematiche sempre più emergenti e ricoprono un campo di grande interesse sia sanitario sia nel campo della ricerca, avendo una prevalenza lifetime stimata del 5% (Treasure et al., 2010). Recenti studi di neuroimaging hanno investigato quali aree cerebrali siano coinvolte nella rappresentazione del cibo e quali i meccanismi neurali che sottendono allo stimolo e all’atteggiamento verso il cibo. La presentazione di immagini di cibi produce tipicamente un’attivazione in diverse regioni corticali e sottocorticali e si sono evidenziati diversi dati consistenti con l’ipotesi che la corteccia orbitofrontale e quella prefrontale siano aree cruciali nei fenomeni di anticipazione della ricompensa e di controllo comportamentale (Killgore et al., 2003; Hollmann et al., 2012). Questi risultati hanno condotto i ricercatori a scegliere le aree prefrontali mediale e dorsolaterale come siti bersaglio in studi con la transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) o la transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) mostrando che la stimolazione riduceva la ricerca di cibo nei soggetti sani (Goldman et al., 2011) e le sensazioni e I comportamenti patologici nei soggetti con DCA (Downar et al., 2012; Van den Eynde et al., 2013). Nonostante questi risultati i meccanismi alla base del comportamento osservato non sono ancora stati completamente chiariti. Il Test di Associazione Implicita (IAT; Greenwald et al., 1998) è uno dei più utilizzati per misurare le tendenze implicite. Presuppone che una forte associazione tra categorie e attributi generi una maggiore difficoltà nel categorizzare gli stimoli in una condizione specifica. In questo studio abbiamo associato lo IAT con la TMS applicando quest’ultima a soggetti sani durante lo svolgimento di un test in cui si categorizzavano cibi gustosi e non gustosi con parole a valenza positiva o negativa. Abbiamo incluso un ulteriore IAT, che categorizzava termini positivi e negativi in relazione al se o agli altri, in quanto alcuni risultati di neuroimaging mostravano che le strutture corticali mediali fossero implicate in aspetti legati all’autostima, sia espliciti sia impliciti (Moran et al., 2009). Il disegno sperimentale include inoltre anche la stimolazione della corteccia parietale sinistra (lPA) come sito di controllo ed un terzo IAT su fiori ed insetti per valutare la sito specificità della mPFC. I risultati mostrano che la mPFC-TMS selettivamente influenza lo IAT sui cibi aumentando la preferenza implicita per i cibi gustosi piuttosto che i non gustosi solo in un sottogruppo nei quali non si evidenziavano in precedenza differenze di gustosità nei cibi. Questo dimostra il ruolo causale della mPFC nei processi di monitoraggio dell’alimentazione ed evidenzia la rilevanza di considerare le differenze individuali nello studiare le rappresentazioni del cibo ed i meccanismi neurali associati con il comportamento alimentare. In our society weight-related diseases and eating disorders are growing problems for health and a field of great interest for researchers and clinicians with a 5% lifetime prevalence of this disorders (Treasure et al., 2010). Recent neuroimaging studies have investigated which brain regions are involved in food representation and which are the neural mechanisms underlying motivations and attitudes towards food. The visual presentation of food images typically produces activation in cortical and subcortical regions and many data are consistent with the hypothesis that orbitofrontal and prefrontal cortex are crucial areas for reward anticipation and behavioral control (Killgore et al., 2003; Hollmann et al., 2012). These results have led researchers to selected medial and dorsolateral pre- frontal cortices as target sites in studies with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) showing that stimulation sessions reduced food craving in healthy participants (Goldman et al., 2011) and pathological feelings and behavior in participants with eating disorders (Downar et al., 2012; Van den Eynde et al., 2013). However, the mechanisms underlying the behavioral outcome and how stimulation of specific target areas could modulate attitudes towards food are not yet completely understood. The implicit association test (IAT; Greenwald et al., 1998) is one of the most used tools to measure implicit attitudes. It assumes that a stronger association between categories and attributes causes increased difficulty in categorizing stimuli in a specific condition. In this study we combined IAT and TMS and this one was applied while participants performed an IAT with tasty and tasteless food associated with positive and negative valence words. A different IAT, assessing positive and negative valence towards self and others, was also included in the experiment because neuroimaging findings showing that cortical midline structures are involved in explicit and implicit self-related concepts (Moran et al., 2009). Experimental design also included stimulation of the left parietal cortex (lPA) as control site and a third IAT on valence for insects and flowers in order to check the site specificity of mPFC. Results revealed that mPFC-TMS selectively affected IAT on food, increasing implicit preference for tasty than tasteless food, only in a subgroup of participants who did not show extreme explicit evaluation for tasty and tasteless food. This demonstrates that mPFC has a critical causal role in monitoring food preference and highlights the relevance of considering individual differences in studying food representation and neural mechanisms associated with eating behavior.
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- 2015
13. Stigma towards Eating Disorders in Italian Students (STEaDIS): Studio osservazionale delle opinioni sull’Anoressia e la Bulimia Nervosa in un campione di studenti universitari italiani
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CASLINI, MANUELA, Caslini, M, and CLERICI, MASSIMO
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Stigma, beliefs, Anorexia, Bulimia, students ,MED/25 - PSICHIATRIA ,Stigma, Credenze, Anoressia, Bulimia, Studenti - Abstract
Razionale: La richiesta di cure per l’anoressia (AN) e la bulimia nervosa (BN) rimane bassa rispetto alla diffusione dei disturbi nonostante la disponibilità di trattamenti e l’associazione tra una buona prognosi e la precocità delle cure: una delle motivazioni alla base del problema è insita nelle paure generate dalle credenze e dagli atteggiamenti stigmatizzanti verso i disturbi del comportamento alimentare (DCA). Lo stigma per i disturbi psichiatrici è un fenomeno radicato nella società, da cui derivano pregiudizi e discriminazione; mentre le opinioni verso malattie mentali come i disordini psicotici, la depressione e i disturbi ansiosi sono state abbondantemente studiate, le caratteristiche dello stigma associato all’AN e alla BN non sono ancora state vagliate dalla ricerca; per la popolazione italiana gli studi sono completamente assenti. È necessario comprendere quali e quanto pregnanti siano le attitudini dei giovani verso l’AN e la BN in modo da guidare lo sviluppo di interventi di salute pubblica nella comunità, sensibilizzandola e migliorando la motivazione alla richiesta di cure. Obiettivi: Ottenere una stima della prevalenza e del livello delle tendenze stigmatizzanti verso l’AN e la BN tra gli studenti universitari italiani; indaga i correlati sociodemografici dello stigma e le associazioni con il livello di conoscenza esperienziale del problema e con diverse credenze di attribuzione causale. Metodi: 2,109 partecipanti hanno completato on line una batteria costituita da una scheda sociodemografica, due questionari relativi alle tendenze stigmatizzanti verso l’AN e la BN e domande relative all’attribuzione causale, all’esperienza personale e al livello di contatto con soggetti affetti. La misura delle tendenze stigmatizzanti è stata effettuata con il questionario SAB-BN (Stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs about bulimia nervosa - SAB-BN; McLean, 2014) tradotto in lingua italiana e adattato per l’AN. Il processo di traduzione dello strumento è stato svolto secondo le linee guida della WHO e le versioni tradotte sono state somministrate ad un gruppo pilota di studenti con l’obiettivo di migliorare espressioni o discrepanze nella traduzione. I fattori selezionati per l’attribuzione causale sono stati estrapolati da studi precedenti. L’invito per partecipare alla survey è stato inviato via mail a tutti gli studenti dei corsi di laurea dell’Ateneo. Risultati: Sono stati ottenuti risultati sovrapponibili per l’AN e la BN, segnalando che i partecipanti tendono ad assimilare le due condizioni. La prevalenza e il livello delle tendenze stigmatizzanti sono bassi, eccetto per le componenti della Responsabilità Personale (63% circa) e del desiderio di Distanza Sociale (13% circa). La disamina delle differenze demografiche rivela comportamenti uniformi, ma lo stigma risulta più elevato tra i maschi, nella fascia d’età 18-25 e in chi vive nella famiglia di origine; risulta inferiore nei soggetti sottopeso. L’11,52% del campione dichiara una pregressa diagnosi di DCA e il 3,84% una diagnosi attuale. I soggetti con una diagnosi pregressa riportano attitudini meno stigmatizzanti. L’82,79% del campione conosce soggetti con DCA, ma il dato non migliora le opinioni. La distribuzione delle credenze causali mostra che un ruolo principale viene attribuito da più del 50% del campione ai fattori ambientali, con percentuali oltre il 75% per le cure genitoriali e oltre l’80% per l’influenza dei media. Più del 60% del campione ritiene che i fattori genetici siano poco o non coinvolti. L’importanza attribuita ai fattori ambientali risulta predittiva di una riduzione nel livello di stigma, mentre l’importanza attribuita alla mancanza di autodisciplina lo aumenta. Conclusioni: I risultati forniscono informazioni fondamentali per la costruzione di interventi preventivi e anti-stigma, aumentare le conoscenze dei disturbi nella popolazione e sensibilizzare la richiesta dei trattamenti. Background: Despite the current availability of treatments and the known association between early care and a good prognosis, the treatment demand for eating disorders (EDs) stays low if compared to the their prevalence. Fears generated by common stigmatizing attitudes toward EDs partially explain this condition. Stigma towards psychiatric disorders, with prejudice and discrimination, is a phenomenon deeply rooted in the society; while opinions towards psychotic disorders, depression and anxiety have been thoroughly studied, only a few studies explore stigmatizing trends toward EDs, especially towards anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Furthermore, these researches are lacking in Italian population. To program public health interventions, able to raise awareness and improving treatment requests by potential patients, we need to understand attitudes of young people towards these issues, and how the stigmatizing contents change according to different demographic characteristics. Aims: This study aims to estimate prevalence and level of stigmatizing trends and beliefs related to AN and BN in a big Italian university students sample. Socio-demographic trends related to stigmatizing tendencies, the associations with the experiential knowledge of the problem and the causal attribution beliefs are also investigated. Methods: 2,109 participants completed an online survey with a sociodemographic card, two questionnaires related to trends and stigmatizing beliefs towards AN and BN and questions about personal experience, level of contact with patients and causal attribution beliefs. The measure of trends and stigmatizing beliefs has been done with the multi-item questionnaire SAB-BN (Stigmatizing Attitudes and Beliefs about Bulimia Nervosa - SAB-BN; McLean, 2014) translated in Italian and adapted for AN. The process of translation of the instrument was carried out according to the WHO guidelines and the translated and adapted versions were administered to a pilot group of students with the aim of improving expressions, and discrepancies in the translation. The factors selected for causal attribution were selected from previously published studies. The invitation to participate in the survey was mailed to all students enrolled in the degree programs of the university. Results: Results for AN and BN are overlapping, signalling that participants tend to assimilate the two conditions. Prevalence and level of stigmatizing trends in students are low, except in the components of Personal Responsibility and Guilt (63%) and Social Distance (about 13%). Examination of demographic differences in stigmatizing attitudes in the student sample indicated uniform attitudes but males, aged 18-25 group, and students living in family held significantly higher stigmatizing attitudes. Stigma is lower in underweight subjects. 11.52% of the sample declared a previous EDs diagnosis and 3.84% a current EDs diagnosis: in both cases, more than 90% of the sample is female. Subjects with a previous diagnosis, but not those with a currentone, report less stigmatizing attitudes. 82.79% of the sample knows people with an EDs, but this knowledge doesn’t s improve stigmatizing attitudes. More than 50% of the sample attributes a main or a fundamental role for the development of AN and BN to environmental factors, with percentages over 75% for parenting and over 80% for media influence. In contrast, more than 60% of the sample believes that genetics are little or not involved in the development of these diseases. The importance attributed to environmental factors predicts a reduction in the stigma level, while the emphasis on the lack of self-discipline increases it. Conclusions: Results provide fundamental advices in order to program preventive and anti-stigma actions, to increase the awareness relating the disorder and to improve the demand for treatments.
- Published
- 2015
14. [The treatment path of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) minors and the impact of medical-surgical treatments on their mental health.]
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Pessina R, Di Giacomo E, and Clerici M
- Subjects
- Humans, Adolescent, Male, Female, Child, Minors psychology, Gender Identity, Health Services Accessibility, Standard of Care, Sex Reassignment Procedures, Transgender Persons psychology, Mental Health
- Abstract
Aim: The Standards of Care (SOC-8) by the World Professional Association for Trans Health provide guidelines for the care of transgender and gender diverse individuals through safe and effective multi-professional interventions for physical and mental well-being. The aim of this work is to summarize the SOC-8 recommendations for childhood and adolescence, highlighting the importance of psychosocial assessment and available medical and surgical therapeutic options, and emphasizing the need for healthcare provider training., Methods: The SOC-8 recommendations are based on scientific evidence and professional consensus from experts in transgender health, developing classification criteria and access to therapies, based on systematic literature reviews (PubMed and Embase)., Results: The SOC-8 underscores the importance of assessing and preserving gender identity, supporting prepubescent individuals from a psychosocial perspective, and ensuring adolescents access to medically and surgically conforming treatments according to local legislation. It is the responsibility of healthcare providers to understand and adapt international guidelines for an inclusive clinical practice of gender diversity., Discussion and Conclusions: Gender affirmation therapies in minors require comprehensive evaluation, parental involvement, and consideration of their cognitive and emotional maturity. Treatments should also focus on preserving fertility and accessing medicalized treatments which are beneficial to the well-being of transgender and gender diverse individuals.
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- 2024
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15. [Ketamine's fast-acting antidepressant mechanisms: state of the art and new research perspectives].
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Marcatili M, Stefana A, Sala C, Conti L, Colmegna F, Clerici M, and Dakanalis A
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- Animals, Antidepressive Agents pharmacology, Antidepressive Agents therapeutic use, Humans, Depressive Disorder, Major drug therapy, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant drug therapy, Ketamine pharmacology, Ketamine therapeutic use
- Abstract
About a third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not have an adequate response to first-line antidepressant treatment, i.e., develop a treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The partial understanding of MDD pathophysiology currently constitutes the major barrier to clinical and research progress on this topic. However, recent advances in genome editing techniques as well as in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) technology are offering unprecedented opportunities in both human disease modelling and drug discovery. These technology progresses have been enabling to set up disease-relevant patient-specific in vitro disease modeling for various mental disorders. The resulting models have the potential to significantly improve pathophysiologic understanding of MDD and then overcome some limitations inherent to animal and post-mortem models. More recently, psychiatry started to deal with the fast acting antidepressant ketamine and its derivates. Although ketamine appears to have the potential to transform the treatment of depression, its specific mechanisms of action are only partially known. Such knowledge is necessary to develop a model to understand the mechanisms behind fast-acting antidepressants, which may enable the discovery of novel glutamatergic compounds for the treatment of MDD. After discussing both the current understanding of ketamine's mechanisms of action, and the state of the art of human iPSC technology, the authors will introduce the implementation of a TRD model based on iPSC human technology and aimed at studying the ketamine's fast acting antidepressant mechanisms of action.
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- 2022
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16. [Delirium in the "young" covid-19 patient (<65 years): preliminary clinical indications].
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Di Giacomo E, Colmegna F, Santorelli M, Pessina R, D'Amico E, Marcatili M, Dakanalis A, Pavone F, Fagiolini A, and Clerici M
- Subjects
- Delirium diagnosis, Delirium drug therapy, Drug Interactions, Humans, Middle Aged, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, COVID-19 complications, Delirium etiology
- Abstract
Delirium is a phenomenon classified within neuro-cognitive disorders in the DSM-5. It has several etiologies and it is often lethal. This contribute aims at analyzing clinical characteristics and diagnostic possibilities of delirium in patients affected by covid-19. Furthermore, some preliminary recommendations on the use of psychopharmacological treatment of delirium and their interactions with main drugs used to treat covid-19 are given, with a special attention to comorbidities like in immunocompromised patients, in those affected by diabetes and cancer, in pregnant women or in addicted clients.
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- 2021
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17. [Intimate partner violence (IPV) and associated factors: a cross-sectional study in community psychiatry].
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Santambrogio J, Colmegna F, Biagi E, Caslini M, Di Giacomo E, Stefana A, Dakanalis A, and Clerici M
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- Child, Community Psychiatry, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Intimate Partner Violence, Sex Offenses, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a relevant public health issue due to its consequences on physical and mental health (mainly depression and post traumatic stress disorder) and then on the healthcare system., Aims: The main goal of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and consequences of IPV in a sample of women admitted to an outpatient clinic for anxiety and depression (VADEMECUM)., Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 150 patients who entered the aforementioned outpatient clinic of the ASST San Gerardo Hospital in Monza (Italy) during the period October 2016-May 2017. All participants completed a screening questionnaire investigating IPV and the K6 questionnaire as index of psychological distress., Results: Among 150 women, 36 (24%) were victims of IPV: 35 with emotional abuse, 23 with physical abuse, and 7 with sexual abuse. In the "abused" group, 80% of women had psychic and physical health consequences, whilst 53% requested help from relatives/friends and/or healthcare staff. Conjugal status (p=0.024), voluntary pregnancy interruptions (p=0.015), anxiety episodes history (p=0.028), previous or current psychological treatment (p=0.001 and p=0.036, respectively), (K6) levels of psychological distress (p=0.0004) and child abuse (p=0.012) were significantly associated with IPV., Conclusions: "Abused" women have positive psychiatric history of anxiety, greater demand for psychological care, child abuse and worst psychological distress status compared to "not abused". This evidence as well as the high IPV prevalence found in our study suggest the need for appropriate screening and specific treatment pathways in psychiatric services.
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- 2021
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18. [Psychiatric and psychological support for an adolescent woman with chromosome 22 deletion syndrome and intellectual disability: a good outcome].
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Santambrogio J, Colmegna F, Di Brita C, Merra A, Bertelli MO, and Clerici M
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- Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Agoraphobia therapy, Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use, Chromosome Deletion, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22, DiGeorge Syndrome psychology, Family Therapy, Female, Humans, Intellectual Disability psychology, Intellectual Disability therapy, Interpersonal Relations, Mental Disorders psychology, Mental Disorders therapy, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder therapy, Panic Disorder therapy, Psychotherapy methods, Syndrome, Treatment Outcome, Trichotillomania psychology, Trichotillomania therapy, DiGeorge Syndrome genetics, Intellectual Disability genetics, Mental Disorders genetics
- Abstract
Aims: Longitudinal description of a clinical case of a woman with Chromosome 22 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), mild intellectual disability (ID) and associated psychiatric disorders, treated at "Adolescent Outpatient Service", at the ASST Monza DSMD from 2011 to 2017., Methods: Assessment Test Tools. T0 (2011): WAIS-R; SCID-I; Vineland Scale; SPAIDD-G; SPAIDD-Follow-up. T1 (2013): SPAIDD-Follow-up. T2 (2015): SPAIDD-Follow-up. T3 (2017): SCID-I; Vineland Scale; SPAIDD-Follow up. Pharmacological psychiatric treatment: Shift from haloperidol 1 mg, sertraline 100 mg to aripiprazole 15 mg, venlafaxine 150 mg. Psychoeducational psychological treatment: 1 session every 15 days; support to family., Results: (2011) WAIS-R: slight ID (total IQ 67, verbal IQ 73, performance IQ 67); SCID-I: subthreshold psychotic symptomatology, panic attack disorder with agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with trichotillomania; Vineland Scale: Communication 256/266, Daily Skills 267/402, Socialization 202/268, Motor skills 111/144; SPAIDD-G: OCD; SPAIDD-Follow up: aggression, psychomotor agitation, somatic complaints, impulsivity, oppositional behaviour, stereotypes, depressed mood, compulsions. (2017) SCID-I: OCD with trichotillomania; Vineland Scale: Communication 248/266, Daily Skills 312/402, Socialization 226/268, Motor skills 136/144; SPAIDD-Follow-up: stereotypes and compulsions persist., Discussion and Conclusions: There was no transition to psychosis in the follow-up; OCD and trichotillomania persists, probably related to neurodevelopmental alterations, that are difficult to be modified. In 22q11.2DS patients, standard non-pharmacological treatment strategies (CBT) are difficult to apply, but in the present case the combination of pharmacological and psychoeducational psychological treatment was effective, both for the reduction of symptoms and for the acceptance of ID by patient and family.
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- 2020
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19. Possibilità e limiti dei Servizi di Psichiatria Forense: legislazione e organizzazione in un’ottica internazionale e nazionale.
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Pessina R, Santoriello C, Rossetto I, Di Giacomo E, Placenti V, Pescatore F, Colmegna F, Babudieri S, Celozzi C, Lorettu L, Lucania L, Manzone ML, Nivoli G, Quintavalle G, Zanalda E, Pagano AM, and Clerici M
- Subjects
- Humans, Forensic Psychiatry, Mental Health Services
- Published
- 2019
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20. Il sistema REMS nella realtà italiana: autori di reato, disturbi mentali e PDTA
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Rivellini G, Pessina R, Pagano AM, Giordano S, Santoriello C, Rossetto I, Babudieri S, Celozzi C, Lucania L, Manzone ML, Nivoli G, Quintavalle G, Zanalda E, Lorettu L, and Clerici M
- Subjects
- Edetic Acid analogs & derivatives, Humans, Italy, Criminals, Mental Disorders
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. [Intimate partner violence (IPV) and associated factors: an overview of epidemiological and qualitative evidence in literature].
- Author
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Santambrogio J, Colmegna F, Trotta G, Cavalleri PR, and Clerici M
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- Anxiety etiology, Depression etiology, Epidemiologic Studies, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Humans, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic etiology, Intimate Partner Violence statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Aim: This review aims to examine the recent literature on the topic of intimate partner violence (IPV) in order to provide definitions, Italian and international prevalence data, prevalence data in special populations (such as patients with severe mental illness), investigations into risk factors (alcohol, substances, child abuse) and the consequences on general and mental health., Methods: Free search has been used in Medline/PubMed with key words (("Mental Disorders" [Majr]) AND "Crime Victims" [Majr: NoExp]) AND (("Domestic Violence" [Majr]) OR "Intimate Partner Violence" [Majr]) and in PsychInfo with MJSUB.EXACT.EXPLODE ("Victimization") AND MJSUB.EXACT.EXPLODE ("Mental Disorders") AND (MJSUB.EXACT.EXPLODE ("Intimate Partner Violence") OR MJSUB. EXACT.EXPLODE ("Domestic Violence"))., Results: 219 publications in PubMed (during the last 10 years) and 48 in PsychInfo concerning IPV and mental disorders; National websites (e.g. ISTAT, Office for National Statistics) have provided updated epidemiological data., Discussion: In many countries, IPV and domestic violence are subject to national surveys, but scientific research on the topic mainly involves England and the United States, in order to establish the possible correlations between IPV, mental disorders and risk factors. Alcohol and substance use disorders and childhood abuse are the most risk factors related to IPV. This type of violence is a major public health problem, also in economic terms, for its consequences on physical and mental health. The WHO in 2011 developed some guidelines for health professionals on how to respond adequately to violence from an intimate partner and to sexual violence against women., Conclusions: In the light of the importance of violence between partners, the health and academic institutions have the task of framing the phenomenon in epidemiological and clinical terms, providing updated research data to the stakeholders, in order to improve the treatment and prevention practices.
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- 2019
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22. [The experience of the reading group in the psychiatric inpatient unit of Desio (Lombardy Region, Northern Italy)].
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Mazza MG, Rossetti A, Caputo G, Giraldo F, Botti RE, and Clerici M
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- Adult, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Department, Hospital, Bibliotherapy, Mental Disorders therapy, Psychotherapy, Group
- Abstract
Objectives: to evaluate the possible advantages secondary to the introduction of a reading group in an acute psychiatric inpatient unit., Design: before-after study., Setting and Participants: the study was conducted at the acute psychiatric inpatient unit of Desio (Lombardy Region, Northern Italy). Each admitted patients was included in the study. The patients were stratified as follow: the group of patients admitted between 01.03.2016 and 28.02.2017 (No. 472; before the introduction of the reading group) and the group of patients admitted between 01.03.2017 and 01.03.2018 (No. 515; after the introduction of the reading group)., Main Outcome Measures: the following objective parameters were analysed: mean length of stay, number and mean length of the involuntary treatment, number and mean length of the physical restraint. We also analysed the results of the Maslach Burnout Inventory administered to the nursing staff (No. 20) before and after the introduction of the reading group to evaluate emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment of the staff members., Results: we observed a significant statistical reduction of the mean length of stay (3 days), of the mean length of the involuntary treatment (2 days), of the mean length and number of the physical restraint (16 hours and 30 episodes). Analysing the results of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, we also observed a reduction of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and an increase of personal accomplishment., Conclusion: a cheap, easy, reproducible, versatile intervention such as the reading group generated objective and subjective improvements explained by the creation of an atmosphere of active participation and sharing and by the increment in the satisfaction for the received care.
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- 2019
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23. [Clinical interview in psychiatric difficult situations].
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Lorettu L, Nivoli GC, Milia P, Depalmas C, Clerici M, and Nivoli AMA
- Subjects
- Attitude of Health Personnel, Communication Barriers, Crime Victims psychology, Directive Counseling, Emotions, Empathy, Humans, Models, Psychological, Nonverbal Communication, Professional-Patient Relations, Safety, Self-Injurious Behavior prevention & control, Suicidal Ideation, Violence prevention & control, Violence psychology, Weapons, Emergencies, Interview, Psychological
- Abstract
There are here described a number of basic principles underlying an effective clinical interview in psychiatric difficult situations (violent or suicidal patients, victims of serious physical and psychological damages, authors of inadequate or anti-social requests to the therapist). The aim of the present study is to provide the psychiatric operator with useful skills for the optimal management of the interview in difficult situations both at diagnostically and therapeutically level. The methodology was based on examination of the literature and personal experience of the authors. The authors highlighted 18 working hypothesis that may represent beneficial instruments in situations of difficult psychiatric interview. Further studies will deepen under the clinical, actuarial and statistical validity the principles covered in various clinical and crisis situations with difficulty to the interview, in relation also to specific types of patients for a more updated training of the operators in the field of mental health.
- Published
- 2017
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24. [Factors affecting the choice of a family psychosocial intervention. A retrospective study from an experience of 8 years].
- Author
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D'Urso N, Scarone S, and Clerici M
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Quality of Life, Retrospective Studies, Social Class, Social Support, Surveys and Questionnaires, Treatment Outcome, Family Relations psychology, Mental Disorders psychology, Mental Disorders therapy, Parent-Child Relations
- Abstract
Introduction: Systematic studies have shown that the integration of pharmacological with psychosocial family treatments produces an improvement in clinical outcome with reduction of relapses, number and duration of hospitalizations., Aim: In the present study we wanted to investigate the presence of a possible association between household characteristics and the choice of joining a particular type of family intervention., Materials and Methods: For this purpose, we performed a retrospective reconstruction of the therapy of a sample of 82 families treated with psychosocial family interventions for a period of 8 years. This sample was divided into 3 subgroups according to the type of family intervention performed (sporadic consulting, psychoeducation to term, continuous psychoeducation). Socio-demographic and clinical variables, motivations for the access to treatment and the relationship with the service of the families were investigated by reading the medical records, the use of PSICHE and the administration of a questionnaire that we created for this purpose., Results: Type of pathology and clinical severity of the patients were not related to the choice of the type of psychosocial intervention performed by the family. On the contrary, considerable importance in choosing the type of psychosocial family intervention--in terms of personal involvement, duration of the same and shared objectives--have both the presence of comorbidity for substance use disorder between patients, and the role of the operator sending, who cannot disregard the objectives to be pursued and their consistency with the overall purposes of the intervention.
- Published
- 2015
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