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The use of digital devices in education is increasing. The literature, however, reveals a disadvantage of digital compared to paper in performing specific learning tasks, in particular text comprehension, which is probably sustained by a different cognitive load and a tendency to use digital for superficial and fast reading. The present study investigates possible differences between paper and digital text comprehension in children of school-age by analysing the role of Executive Functions (EF) as mediating factors in performance. 175 children in 3rd, 4th and 5th grade were assessed for text comprehension in the two modes and assessed with EF tests. The results show that there are no differences between digital and paper text comprehension. However, dividing the sample into children with low and children with high levels of text comprehension, the former group is seen to benefit from digital compared to the latter group, which shows an opposite trend. Furthermore, the low performers score worse than high performers in the EF measures which show a mediating role between performance level and differences between paper and digital modes in text comprehension. The present study has important educational implications for the use of digital devices in education.

This paper considers errors of interpretation in textual criticism in Renaissance Italy. It focuses on the reading of Francesco Robortello’s In Aristotelis poeticam explicationes, published in Florence by Lorenzo Torrentino in 1548, and the readers in question were Vincenzo Maggi and Sperone Speroni. The paper shows how errors of interpretation can relate either to a misunderstanding of the original text or of its translation. It is a significant case because it concerns the first “critical edition” with commentary of one of Aristotle’s most neglected works, the Poetica.

The main object of this work is the relationship between non-binary people and institutional communication, the laCer being mostly conceived to represent only two genders, masculine and feminine. Starting from the origin on gendered language in Italian institutional communication, an overview about actual strategies of binary inclusion will be given. Furthermore, the paper will analyse some possible new strategies suggested to implement inclusion in a non-binary perspective. The aim of this paper is to lay the foundation for further work and to improve the development of collective guidelines to write institutional texts able to represent all the complex gender identities that are present in nowadays societies.

The intellectual, political and human story of Bruno Trentin emerges from the paper and multimedia documentation related to him preserved by the National CGIL Historical Archives. Documents and images narrate the France of exile, Padua, a university city in which the Resistance was active, partisan Milan, and Fiat Mirafiori blocked by strikes, but also Trentin's commitment and charisma in his roles as a young researcher in the confederal study office, Fiom secretary, national and general secretary of the CGIL, and European parliamentarian for the PDS in the 1999-2004 legislature. Images from the photographic fund and paper records document his relationships with, among others, European Commission President Delors, Brazil's President Lula, South Africa's President Mandela and Solidarity leader Walȩsa.

The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of Dante Alighieri in the Macedonian cultural context through the translations and reception of his most important work, the Divina Commedia. The first part of the paper presents the translations of fragments of the poem published in the 1950s, translated by various Macedonian poets, and continues by presenting the translations by Georgi Stalev, who published parts of the poem in the 1960s, Inferno in 1967, and the whole poem (Inferno, Purgatorio and Paradiso) in 2006. The second part of the paper traces Dante’s impact on the literary works of Georgi Stalev, Bogomil Ǵuzel and Blaže Koneski as well as the poet’s influence in other domains of Macedonian culture.

This paper examines the reception of Dante among Serbs in the period between 1991 to 2021. It focuses on the complex state of Serbian Danteology in the crucial historical period in which Yugoslavia was beginning to crumble and Serbia was subjected to sanctions and isolated from the world, and which also includes the NATO bombings. The examination concludes in 2021, which coincides with the 700th anniversary of Dante’s death. The paper focuses primarily on translations of Dante’s works (mostly the Divine Comedy) by two Serbian translators, Dragan Mraović and later Kolja Mićević, but also on republished translations such as those by Dragiša Stanojević and Mihovil Kombol. The Serbian studies and theatrical performances of Dante’s work are also considered.

The paper aims at dealing with didactics of Resistance through the relationship between the historical wtnesses and younger generations. As the first has lived the historical events he is going to narrate, younger generations constitute ideally the depositary of a rich and fragile set of informations. Based from this perspective, the paper is going to speak about a students' cycle of meetings organised in some schools in the province of Pistoia, between 2016 and 2018: the vocational institute "Martini" and the technical institute "Marchi". Meetings were held by SIlvano Sarti, who fought as partisan in the "Brigata Sinigaglia" in 1944 and who was appointed ANPI provincial president in Florence.

The paper attempts to give some useful coordinates to start reconstructing the history of Resistance experiences (meetings, educational and teaching activities) as told at school by its protagonists. The paper also puts forward some educational and didactic proposals for the future. The privileged point of observation is the activity of the National Association of Italian Partisans (ANPI), the main Italian resistance association founded in 1944 to bring together the protagonists of the armed struggle against Nazi-fascism.

This paper try to compose a taxonomy of constitutional values with reference to dismissal. Moving from the key decision of the Constitutional Court no. 194 of 2018, the author investigates the relevance of the founding value "work" compared and balanced with the other antagonistic values: the "enterprise" and the "employability". The author claims that "legal certainty", nay the predictability and computability of rights, is not a tyrant value, but a principle necessary for good law, and not only for the economy. Finally, this paper analyzes the important consequences of sentence no. 194 cit. in the field of regulatory technique and about application problems.

The paper attempts to make an initial discussion on the usefulness of the history of education for interpreting the synergies between school, didactics and territory as they evolve over time. The paper offers a quick analysis of the pedagogical debate and political-organisational changes and then moves on to more practical and didactic issues. The paper also indicates some of the potentials of the approach offered by the history of education as applied history to revitalise the relationship with the local context.

The paper aims at dealing mainly with infantry and it is carried on with methodological reflections, oral history research and audio-visive narrations. It sums up some issues about how to use oral and audio-visive sources on a didactic basis. Afterwards, the paper aims at dealing with the front passage in Tuscany in 1944 a Carda (Casentino region) and Florence. The paper describes and uses five interviews reacheable through the following link.

The paper shows how the University of Florence interpreted the relative autonomy granted by the numerous reforms of the last 30 years, focusing on the three main functions of the university: teaching, research and public engagement. The continuous reforms weakened the processes of innovation introduced at the beginning of the 90s, with the experience of the Diploma, and forced the closure of many quality degree courses. The lack of financial and instrumental resources and the “autonomy without responsibility” limited the enhancement of the resources and knowledge present in the University, hindered the pursuit of strategic lines that reward structures and sectors of excellence and strengthen the weakest areas. The public engagement is still relatively marginal.

The paper aims to give some coordinates on the dialogue between the Athenaeum and a particular school-educational experience well rooted in Florence and recognised for its merits on an international scale, namely the Scuola-Città Pestalozzi. This is a very significant case to describe the relationship between the University and the school world because Scuola-Città was born and grew up in that laboratory of ideas nourished by the synergy between the cultural, political and pedagogical circles of the city, especially those close to liberal-socialism, and those similar to the University.

The aim of this paper is to reassess the history of the Sanseverino family, princes of Bisignano in Calabria in the Late Middle Ages; by focusing on a specific and unpublished source: the so-called “reintegre or platee” as written in the first half of the 16th century. These are public sources mostly enlisting properties and benefits; they serve the purpose of re-possessing the privileges taken from the princes themselves over the previous century. The paper will therefore focus not only on the management and character of the seigneurial landholdings but also on the reconstruction of both the local networks of power exerted on the population and the local political system. It will shed new light on the still debated historiographical issue centered on the seigneurial authority in southern Italy by assessing its local rooting and pervasiveness since the 14th century.

This paper presents the main features of the UDD (Unità Didattica Digitale), a new operational model developed specifically for language teaching in e-learning. In particular, we will focus on how this model can be used to develop lexical competence, the features of which will be briefly defined, mainly by referring to the different phases envisaged in the teaching plan. The paper will then illustrate the possibilities that the UDD model offers for activating and supporting the development of lexical competence, the types of activities that can be carried out and in which ways the model can be used, highlighting the positive aspects and the critical issues still to be resolved.

The paper deals with foundation and further fortunes of the Florentine abbey of San Miniato, founded by bishop Ildebrando (1018), and discusses the grounds of the strong hostility that Vallombrosan monks demonstrated toward florentine bishops like the same Ildebrando or Pietro Mezzabarba (who 1067 founded the nunnery of San Pier Maggiore). The so-called Vita anonima of John Gualberto, discovered and published by Robert Davidsohn, is particularly hard on these bishops, but it was written around 1120 by a monk of San Salvatore di Settimo (near Florence), in order to discredit the present bishop Goffredo Alberti, brother of count Tancredi Nontigiova. The paper considers also the cases of Pistoia and Pisa, where around the end of 11th century local bishops founded the abbeys of San Michele in Forcole and San Rossore.

This paper discusses the importance and frequency of Magris’ explorations of Musil and his major work as a novelist, Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften. It investigates the reasons why Musil’s novel is so important, and not only so for the Germanist. Indeed, Musil’s work and its interpretation can also be considered as a kind of ‘model’ for the writer that Magris would become later on in his career. The paper focuses on different features of Musil’s masterpiece, which better meet Magris’ ideal of diegesis, and somehow subvert the classic and rational paradigm of the Bildungsroman, pointing to the magic realism of a writer like Borges.

The paper deals with the German language terminology of occupational health and safety (OHS) in South Tyrol, Italy, where the minority language has official status next to the national language. The South Tyrolean German legal language is developed along two main lines, i.e. through secondary term formation based on translations of Italian terms or by adopting terms already established in the German-speaking countries. The examples given in the paper show the presence of terminological gaps in South Tyrolean German, the influence of Italian, the delicate relation with the legal terminology of the foreign German-speaking legal systems and the difficulty of disseminating an unambiguous terminology in the domain of OHS at local level. The final part explains the currently adopted development and dissemination strategies.

This paper is an introduction to the volume, that collects the contributions presented at the 2019 annual Conference of the Associazione Italiana per la Terminologia (Ass.I.Term), hosted at the Accademia della Crusca. This paper aims to present the importance of the reflection that touches the comparison between terminology and lexicography, through which technology and science can show their positive function for the development and growth of the Italian language, helping it to keep up with the times, in an era in which most of the specialized words, in various disciplines, now come only from English.

This paper focuses on the role and relevance of Corporatism in the Italian tradition of economic studies during the 1920s and 1930s. Historiography offers two different interpretations: Corporatism as a propaganda phenomenon and an economic doctrine limiting freedom; Corporatism as a series of policy measures devised to stabilize the Italian economy after WW1. To correctly assess the phenomenon of Corporatism, this paper chooses a different approach: an in depth analysis of the main theoretical answers proposed by Italian economists in regard to the most significant policy issues of the time. For example: corporatist wage and labor policy, the post-1929 relief measures, the bail out of some leading banks, the foundation of the Italian Financial Institute (IMI) in 1931 and of the Industrial Reconstruction Institute (IRI) in 1933, and finally the projected third way between a market economy and a command economy. One of the main conclusions of this research is that the energies and time spent into devising a Corporatist economic system and Corporatist policy measures hindered the advancement of economic studies in Italy.

The paper focuses on the relationship between the Fascist regime and the administrative justice. Once identified in the “invention” of exclusive jurisdiction (over individual matters) a “revolutionary” act of the early Fascism, the paper faces the problem of the administrative litigation over public debt. The issue is treated starting from the transformation of the jurisdiction of merit in the matter of public debt into exclusive jurisdiction: a special attention is paid to the two opposite theses of the “left-wing fascism” and the Italian Constitutional Court. Subsequently, the reflection shifts to the Fascist laws that have limited or excluded since 1923 the appeal against certain administrative acts, also referring to the reactions of the doctrine of the time. A particular case concerns the vice of excess of power which, in the Fascist period, was rationalized and also took on a different meaning from the original one foreseen by the law of 1889. After the fall of Fascism, a final look is turned to the two elusive techniques of the appeal to the administrative judge represented by the laws-measure and the so called “theft of jurisdiction”

The volume contains the proceedings of the conference Tramandare la memoria sociale del Novecento (Florence, 11.21.2019), on the occasion of presenting Gino Cerrito’s archive. owned at present by the Social sciences library, University of Florence. Cerrito papers represent a primary source to investigate social movements in the XX century, especially anarchism, with particular reference to the War of Spain and to anarchical syndacalism between the two world wars. The project gave the opportunity to focus on the main issues concerning the preservation of the social memory of the XX century among experts and professionals. Historians, archivists, librarians, professors, association members and officers of the heritage preservation institutions discuss the problems and strategies confronting its conservation and enhancement. Investigate recent past requires a molteplicity of sources, beyond paper and through a great variety of expressions and media. And movements and their archives present peculiarities. Technical and political issues are considered, and a variety of cases and initiatives relating to archives dedicated to social movements and associations.

This paper studies through a quantitative analysis at micro-scale (the pieve of San Giovanni in Petroio in Mugello) in 1427-1512 the relation between the growing economic inequality of the Florentine rural society found by recent research and a peculiar share-cropping system, the mezzadria. By focusing on the mechanisms of wealth redistribution of this system, the paper suggests the role of mezzadria whether in increasing in the long-run the concentration of land property and in providing for the poorest social layers of rural population at subsistence level. In this regard, the paper contributes to explore the role of institutions in increasing wealth concentration from Middle Ages to the Early Modern times.

This paper presents an analysis of the available primary sources and the existing methods to reconstruct the tendencies of the economic inequality in the Venetian Mainland, focusing on the case of Padua and its province, the so called contado. After presenting briefly the evolution of the administrative and fiscal system of the Republic of Venice, this paper analyses the main characteristics of the fiscal primary sources produced in the Padovano and proposes a synthetic analysis of the economic inequality trends in this province.

This paper highlights archival evidence and dramaturgic mythemes in order to reconsider the historiographical issues related to the XVIIth-century theatrical reception of El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra outside of Spain. Among the crossroads of theatrical practices alive in XVIIth-century Naples, Don Juan underwent a rapid process of assimilation and transformation. The chronology of its Neapolitan debut at the Teatro di San Bartolomeo is re-examined in this paper, while unfolding some new and possible scenarios interweaving history and dramaturgy, the stage and the historical political events of the Kingdom of Naples during the first decades of the XVIIth century. This study examines the Mediterranean basis consolidating the myth of Don Juan – the character with «feet made of wind» (Garboli) – and defining its dramaturgic status all around Europe.

The paper summarizes the results of a research project dedicated to Serbian archimandrite Gerasim Zelić (1758-1828), one of the main protagonists of the interconfessional polemic that engulfed the Serbian Orthodox community living in Dalmatia between the 17th and 19th centuries. Firstly, the paper describes the activities that were carried out during the project, particularly the digitalization and on-line publication of a corpus of manuscript documents connected to Zelić. Secondly, it presents the results of a historical and culturological analysis conducted on the aforementioned documents.

The paper illustrates the reasons that lead Serbian philologist Pavle Solarić not to finish his editing of Gerasim Zelić’s autobiography Žitije, which was originally supposed to be published by the Venetian typography of Teodosio. It is generally assumed that ill health and ultimately death prevented Solarić from finishing his job; however, the paper speculates that Solarić may have set his editing work aside in order to give priority to other editorial activities, as well as to foster his social connections with Frederick North and with members of the Shelley Circle.

In the Slavic languages, in which the vocative case is an unstable category (Polish, Serbian-Croatian, Macedonian, Bulgarian), the explicit vocative mark is better preserved with altered nouns, like diminutives and pejoratives. Taking this as the starting point, the paper aims at verifying whether the semantic and functional “attraction” between vocative and diminutives/pejoratives affects the formal level too, i.e. whether there are points of contact between case morphology and word formation strategies. The analysis of Polish and Bulgarian vocative forms has revealed that these two domains intersect as follows: 1) vocative case endings are reinterpreted as lexical formants; 2) the formation strategies of vocative case endings and altered nouns tend to converge.

Besides its temporal semantics, the imperfect tense can express a wide range of modal meanings, which occur most typically in spoken varieties of language. The paper contrastively explores the modal uses of the imperfect tense in Italian and Bulgarian, a Romance and Slavic language respectively, and shows to what extent they are similar or diverge in the two languages. Although the basic notional configuration of the imperfect tense in Italian and Bulgarian seems to be exactly the same, occurrences of modal meanings are less frequent in Bulgarian than in Italian. Possible explanatory hypotheses suggest that the peculiarities of the tense system (dedicated future-in-the-past form; specific narrative mood), as well as the different syntactic rules governing the sequence of tenses in related sentences, put major constraints on the development of modal meanings of the imperfect tense in Bulgarian.

In those Slavic languages where the vocative inflectional case endings are used inconsistently, a statistically increased occurrence of vocative’s endings can be observed with nouns having a diminutive or hypocoristic semantics. Assuming that is the ‘affective charge’ of some specific nouns which enhances the probability of vocative case forms, the present paper has two aims: 1. to verify empirically in three Slavic languages (Serbian, Polish, Bulgarian) whether the vocative case is better preserved with nouns having a derogatory semantics (insults and bad words), 2. to establish which are the rules governing their use.

The paper aims to outline some of the strategies of aristocratic patronage in sacred spaces in the Italian peninsula. The commissioning of elaborate marble funerary monuments, the choice of location for chaplaincies or entire churches, convents and monasteries, and the choice of the religious order to which to entrust them are indicated here as keys to understanding the internal distinctions within the Italian aristocracies. In particular, a new examination of aristocratic patronage between the 14th and 16th centuries is considered a means to address a general revision of the Italian cultural hierarchies and geographies of Vasari's legacy.

There is no real difference between the records of the biggest rural Lords and those of the Principalities in late medieval Italy. Both ones had a more or less organised chancery and produced documents in chancery form. Their archival history too is similar. The paper proposes and discusses the documentary typology of the documents made by and for the Lords. The Empire, the Holy See, the Kingdoms may have influenced the form of seigneurial litterae patentes and clausae, although there were individual nuances. The other documents, as registers and other chancery books were influenced by different regional traditions.

The paper aims to assess the financial impact of the rapid assimilation of the French-style artillery into Italian warfare. The focus will be on the policy adopted by the Florentine Republic to improve the efficiency of its logistic system during the War of Pisa (1494-1509): through the analysis of public records, the research will highlight the significant transformations occurred in late medieval military industry, reevaluating the importance of the trade in strategic materials for the early modern economy and demonstrating the concerted effort made by the rising renaissance state to establish a monopoly on the manufacture of arms and «munitions».

The paper draws from Sergio Caruso’s reflections that the ‘extension’ and ‘intensification’ of citizenship are inseparable from democracy. Within this framework, it questions how innovative formulations of democracy such as so-called ‘deliberative arenas’ can contribute to the strengthening of citizenship. Specific attention is devoted to the public debate on major works, a privileged field of inquiry for some assessments of the effectiveness of participation guaranteed by such instruments.

The contribution aims to offer a critical analysis of the Italian discipline on the ways of acquiring citizenship. The paper analyzes the most problematic aspects of the 1992 law, showing its anachronisms and unreasonableness, and then highlights the profiles that most need reform. In particular, the status of the minor born or schooled in Italy and the naturalization procedure claim a profound revision.

The paper examines the studies on the relationship between language, sex and gender in Italian academia; the search for non-sexist linguistic strategies for the representation of women and men; the related support of international political action; the recent EU Equality Strategies; and the action of the CRUI Commission on Gender Issues.

The Pontine territory, located in southern Lazio, once ʽpalus pontinaʼ, has been represented over the centuries through iconographic views, cartographic drawings, literary documentation, and designed through reclamation works that allowed, over time, to dry up and anthropize the land. The two moments of representation and design of the Pontine territory are clearly reflected in Leonardo’s Cartographic view of the Pontine plain and the coast north of Terracina, of which the paper presents a critical reading.

Among his hydraulic designs, Leonardo planned the construction of an artificial lake in an area east of the castle of Vinci, his native village. The project, a surprising demonstration of his perfect knowledge of places where he lived, is illustrated in three drawings found and studied by Renzo Cianchi. Today, it is particularly interesting to analyze the feasibility of Leonardo’s project, by chronologically translating it to the 21st century, namely in 2020. Based on an accurate hydrologic analysis, this paper aims at providing further insights on Leonardo’s study, focusing on the feasibility of the dam.

Leonardo anticipates an integral, structuralist and ecological vision of the relationship between the territory and the city. The hydraulic and territorial systems he designs ‘at the service’ of cities and mobility show his unparalleled ability to ‘govern’ physiographic systems, combining climatic temperament with functional and hygienic reasons. The paper intends to observe and interpret the clues that confirm the original concreteness of its urban plans and projects aimed at giving precise answers to social needs, which are still incredibly topical today.

The paper analyses Leonardo’s main studies concerning the navigability of Milan waterways in order to contextualize and highlight his original contributions. Not only do Leonardo’s studies outline the actual situation of such waterways, they also include new projects and innovations. Even though these are not always ascribable to Leonardo, he certainly drew and examined them himself. The analysis is based on the study of the main transformations of Milan water system and territory over the centuries.

The use of 3D modelling in practices of valorisation and dissemination of historic-architectural knowledge and restoration is now consolidated. Virtual models must, however, match principles of scientific rigour, comprehensibility and evaluability by the users, as stated in the London Charter and in the Seville Principles. This paper aims at presenting the methodology used in the virtual reconstruction of some drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, developed to ensure the correct dissemination of the historical contents delivered through the drafting of a ‘traceability card’ compliant with the international Charters principles.

Leonardo da Vinci surveys and sketches the city of Milan on f. 184v (c. 1493) and f. 199 (c. 1510) of the Codex Atlanticus and on f. 114r of the Codex Windsor (c. 1510). These drawings also include some projects for Milan’s urban transformation. The paper describes how strongly Leonardo’s idea of the city differs from the Milan of Ludovico Sforza (1494-1499) and that of the French rulers’ fortification projects of 1520-1521, in particular for what concerns the revision of the external border of the city.

The paper describes a research on Leonardo da Vinci’s activity as a military architect in Piombino, Tuscany, in the early years of the 16th century. These studies use modern digital survey technologies in order to recognize if, in the remains of the town’s defensive system, there are still traces of the intervention carried out in Leonardo’s time, and integrate these data with the analysis of historical-documentary sources and the results of recent archaeological and stratigraphic analyses. The achieved results were finally compared with Leonardo da Vinci’s drawings, obtaining some interesting feedback.

When speaking of narrativity, a widely held idea in various disciplinary fields that identity is essentially narrative is often called into question. Numerous linguistic, literary, neuroscientific, and evolutionary studies corroborate this idea. In reality, narrativity in these different fields of study often means different objects of inquiry, which have different definitions and describe different processes and, therefore, different cognitive capacities. In this paper, we will consider the notion of narrativity as a cognitive process, that is, as a component of the human mode of knowledge construction. As such, narrativity would constitute a cognitive universal. From this definition, we will show how narrativity is an eminently linguistic process made possible by the body technology of language and voice in particular. Finally, we will argue for the constitutive and bodily role of language for narrativity in ontogenetic development and inner speech.

The present paper is dedicated to 16th-century Croatian author Petar Zoranić’s (Zadar / Zara, 1508 – 1569?) direct and mediated echoing of Dante’s oeuvre. Zoranić’s pastoral novel Planine (Mountains) belongs to the consistent tradition of reuse, quotation and translation that the Italian poet’s legacy has enjoyed in Croatia from the 14th century to the present day. Building on the work of the humanist writer Marko Marulić (Marcus Marulus Spalatensis, Split / Spalato, 1450-1524), who aspired to do for the Croatian vernacular what Dante did for the Italian volgare, Zoranić adapted Dante’s example to his own purposes not only in the promotion of the Croatian language and literature, but also in the celebration of the beauty, history and cultural heritage of his homeland. A true connoisseur of Dante’s original, the author from Zadar was also competent in the art of appropriation and creative reemployment of the Commedia’s various aspects, an exercise inaugurated by Boccaccio, and practiced by 15th and 16th-century men and women of letters. My contribution will focus on the modalities through which the text of Planine transforms the materials derived from Dante by mixing them with elements from other prestigious literary sources, in their turn heirs or precursors of Dante, such as works by Virgil, Ovid, the Church doctors, the Roman de la rose, Petrarch’s Trionfi, the Decameron and the early narrative production by Boccaccio, Arcadia by Sannazaro and, according to my hypothesis, the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (Polifilo’s Dream) by Francesco Colonna.

Within the context of a reflection on learning from a lifelong and lifewide perspective, this paper intends to highlight the pedagogical need to focus on the individual and her or his resources as a prerequisite for starting and maintaining a fruitful “learning career”. For this purpose, the construct of “learning identity” is explored in depth. Within the field of the “technologies of the self” it has been possibile to identify dedicated strategies and tools that can support the growth and evolution of this form of adult identity in support of a leaning that can nourish the different stages of life.

This paper focuses on the anabasis and katabasis narratives inspired by Dante in the works of the most representative Polish romantics: Adam Mickiewicz (1798-1855), Juliusz Słowacki (1809-1849), Zygmunt Krasiński (1812-1859) and Cyprian Kamil Norwid (1821-1883). It was the Divina Commedia which exercised the greatest influence on the poets, especially Inferno, which became a forerunner of the Polish reality itself. But whereas Dante’s Inferno is identified with the underworld, the Polish Romantics’ locus horridus coincides with the actual world. If the Dantesque journey is a katabasis to the underworld, the descent portrayed by Polish poets is an anabasis towards a volcano crater covered with lava and ice. Moreover, according to the martyrological view, the Polish reality in those days was not only a place of suffering and tribulation, but also of expiation, which was a preparation for the arrival of paradise on Earth.

The historical phase we are living, which is characterized by change management and the continuous redefinition of skills (Fiore et al. 2021), invites the university to question itself on the central role it plays for the formation of current and future. The work of the European Commission to address the improvement and adaptation of the skills of European citizens provides clear guidelines on which Higher Education is also called to commit. Among them, this paper focuses on the development of entrepreneurial skills, i.e. the ability to act on opportunities and ideas and to transform them into value for others. The Commission calls for the development of these competences at all levels of education, giving rise to entrepreneurial education training offers (Lackéus 2015). For this reason, and in order to respond to this need, since 2013 the Italian Ministry of University has established the Contamination Labs, places of contamination between students, teachers and local stakeholders aimed at developing interdisciplinary entrepreneurial education, which is also the subject of this research.

The paper resumes the outcomes of the literature review conducted from the general theme regarding the city as an educational context and subject in the twenty-first century and presents a summary of the research design undertaken. The aim is to investigate the city as a ‘learning city’ where educational and training processes can become engines of regeneration. It is also intended to survey some examples of generative transformations traceable to the development trajectories drawn by Agenda 2030 that emerge in the learning city model, in order to understand their impact on the communities involved, the policies and the professional figures required to govern the processes.

After providing a brief description of medicine in the Middle Ages, the work collects and examines the terms attested in three vernacular works by Boccaccio (Decameron, Corbaccio and Esposizioni sopra la Comedia) that can be classified in the medical lexicon. The aim of the paper is to verify the importance that this lexical sector has in Boccaccio’s vernacular production, by identifying possible differences (qualitative as well as quantitative) between the three works examined and, through the specific examination of a particular case (the sequence nodosa podagra), to show the usefulness of a more in-depth lexical analysis also to clarify Boccaccio’s sources.