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This paper analyses the case of Libya, which under Italo Balbo 's government experiences had an intense construction activity and an extra-urban infrastructure. The most relevant innovation was the construction of the residential rural centers, public and private buildings of different use and the construction of the coastal road which links Libya from east to west. This connection was built in a record time, from the Egyptian border to the Tunisian border. The aim of the projects was of strategic and propagandistic nature, in order to make Libya competitive with other colonial countries of the African coast and in order to realize the great Italian dream of the "fourth shore". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to provide and explain the historical development of the concept commonly known as the American Dream with a view to examining its gradual transformation from Franklin's self-made man to ready-made success promoted on social media platforms such as Facebook. Comparing prominent stages in American history, the paper will study the contribution each of them made to the legacy of the American Dream. Finally, we will attempt to answer the following questions: Are the fundamental concepts of the American Dream, such as upward mobility, still present in the digital age? Have the virtues commonly associated with the achievement of any aspect of the American Dream become obsolete? What constitutes the American Dream in the era of social media?

This article analyzes the two films of the Taviani brothers through which the Tuscan directors have narrated the early 20th century Italian diaspora in the United States: the first episode of Kaos, the 1984 film based partly on Pirandello’s Novelle per un anno, and the 1987 film Good morning, Babylon. Besides analyzing various sequences of the films, especially those related to the departure, arrival and pursuit of the American dream, in this paper I explain how both films aimed not only to recall the relevance of a social-historical phenomenon such as the great migration, but also by reflecting on the present and the future, the films force us to focus on the drama of those who today are forced to leave their homeland in search of a better future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mat Johnson’s first work, Drop (2000), explores the themes of the American Dream and Nightmare in relation to issues of racial and national identity, racial inequality, and personal growth. The protagonist, a poor but talented African American man, decides to expatriate to England to chase the dream which he is denied at home. When his English Pygmalion dies, he is forced to return to the US and face the nightmare of racism, exclusion, and fear. However, he has also the chance to reconcile with his community, which will eventually help him leave the country again. This paper analyses Johnson’s use of the theme of expatriation in light of Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopia and argues that, through heterotopia, the author is able to enact a decentring strategy which undermines national ideology and focuses on the active role played by the Black community in its members’ self-improvement.

The anomia's concept created by Merton (1949), offers us an analysis of the behavioral models that individuals adopt in order to adapt themselves or even to refuse the society's cultural values. On this basis, some categories of subjects (the identity) that have adopted deviant behavioral models have been taken into consideration. On the other hand, this has finally lead us onto an analysis of the places that host these types of behavior. Taking on consideration further sociological theories that explain the relationship between identity and territory (Raffestin, 1981; Remotti, 1996; Isenburg, 2000; Sayad, 2002; Boni, 2005; Calandra, 2007; Elliott e Lemert, 2007; Bauman, 2009; D'Alessandro, 2009; D'Ascenzo, 2014; Salisci, 2018), a research is been carried out on identity and it's invisible and split areas; people and spaces socially forgotten, isolated from the official's United States society and geography. Identity and it's invisible and split areas, is first defined and then, classified using a taxonomy. Many are the objectives of this means: reaffirm how actual the Mertonian's Theory still is; identify the endogenous and exogenous factors of the fenomenon; certify a misrepresented perception of the american's dream idea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since his early steps as a songwriter, Bruce Springsteen has made the explicit choice to write the narratives of the working class hero, reason why he is often strongly identified with this character, intimately related to the notion of the American dream. In the continuous struggle between a past from which Springsteen's heroes want to escape, an unsatisfying present and an uncertain future, Springsteen's concept of nostalgia emerges as an inevitable way to search for one's own identity. Depending on the historical (and personal) background for each album in his nearly half-century-old career, Springsteen's characters deal with different kinds of nostalgia, from romantic and restorative to dark and desperate. The pursuit of the American dream itself implies the loss of a stable past in the search for unknown boundaries, as well as several permanent conflicts (hope/disillusion, stability/escape, trust/betrayal, promise/failure), conveying a constant nostalgia which has its roots at the very heart of the American culture and which is a key element not only in the literary aspect of Springsteen's songwriting, but also in his activity as a composer and a live perfomer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]