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In 1923, the National Fascist Party (Pnf) and the Italian Nationalist Association (Ani) decided to merge: consequently, the Ani, a political party founded in 1910, disappeared from the Italian political scene. Although the merger did not appear to cause any tension, it was actually a rather complex process, involving the most prominent members of the Association from opposing positions. This paper, based on the analysis of printed sources and through an extensive use of archival material, intends to shed light on the role played in this context by Alfredo Rocco, who was at the time a leading nationalist and, from 1925, minister for Justice in Mussolini's government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the outbreak of the so-called "Cultural Cold War", Soviets and Americans strove to circulate their respective social and cultural models and ideologies in their rival fields. More importantly they aimed to restrict the expansion of the enemy values in their own territory. The promotion and diffusion of American Studies in the universities of the Western European block was part of that conflict. So far, knowledge about who took part in this effort and which activities were implemented in order to promote American History, Art, Literature, Political Science, etc., among citizens of the Old Continent is scarce. This paper seeks to illuminate this process by analyzing what happened at the Bologna Center of the John Hopkins University in that regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific and technological progress as well as the deep social changes experienced between the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century were an ideal environment for the growth and development of the visionary ideas of Paul Otlet, the pioneer of modern documentation. His eclectic personality was influenced by a few decisive events occurred during his life: the shift from the strict Jesuit education to Positivism, and from law to bibliography studies, up to his commitment for the promotion of peace and culture - commitment that materialized in projects such as the League of Nations and the Mundaneum. All these events are essential to recall his work as well as to understand his thought. His main ambition was the foundation of a new science aimed at investigating the book - or document - that Otlet highly estimated because of its being the result of scientific research as well as a vehicle of dissemination, a knowledge and information medium in any field and discipline. In Otlet's opinion, the ultimate aim of documentation science was the Universal Bibliographic Repertory. This objective was put into effect by the creation of the Universal Decimal Classification, and by the publication-in 1934-of what is considered his philosophical testament: Le Traité de Documentation. Le livre sur le livre. Théorie et pratique. This paper outlines the figure of the Belgian biographer by pointing out the essential traits of his thought, and focusing on the unprecedented impact he had in the creation of a universal “free access to information and knowledge". So far, his work hasn't lost its value, and can still be of some help to contemporary documentation, librarianship and information science, who are now facing new and ever complex challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni is the property of Editrice Morcelliana S.p.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper offers information on the beginning of qualification/certification activities in Italy and data and indications on the experiences gained by Italian Institute of Welding (Certifying Body Accredited by Sincert, and then Accredia, and Notified CE, www.iis.it) and more recently by IIS CERT (Certifying Body Accredited by Accredia and Notified CE, www.iiscert.it), applying the standards EN 473, ISO 9712 and the directive 97/23/CE (PED) on qualification, certification and approval ofnon destructive testing personnel. Particularly information updated to 31 July 2012 are given and discussed on the activity of qualification/certification since January 2001 (starting year for the application of EN 473, second edition, and PED directive) with reference to the issued certifications and approvals and to their distribution in method and level. Furthermore, it is reported that at the beginning of 2011 IIS originated two branches, IIS CERT e IIS SERVICE, both totally owned and passed to the first one its activities of certification and approval. Instead IIS maintained the training, education and laboratory activities; all of them, together with research and development activities, will be transferred to a third IIS branch, IIS PROGRESS (www.iisprogress.it), which will officially start these activities at the beginning of 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rivista di Storia del Cristianesimo is the property of Editrice Morcelliana S.p.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By focusing on the (lack of) relations between anthropologists and folk groups, this paper intends to reach three objectives: to shed new light on the folk group as an object of study, i.e. to reconceptualise it radically as object (undefined as of yet) of anthropological research and challenge the boundaries into which folklore studies have secured their academic legitimation and scientific standing at the expense of folk groups, which were kept just out of the border as if they were the negative limit of the field itself; to reconsider some aspects of the scientific practice of Italian anthropologists in relation to this object of study, aspects related to their failure to critically face issues of knowledge construction and the related political dimensions; to call into question the uses of the notion of folklore that have been made by a variety of actors from the Post World War II period onwards, so as to also shed light onto the grey area of the relations among folk groups, the powers of Modernity, and the politics of everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jerome never wrote neither ecclesiastical history nor a monastic history, nonetheless he cultivated the ambition to be a Church and monasticism historian competing with both Eusebius of Caesarea and Athanasius of Alexandria. The paper focuses on the several stages of this relationship, going through the Vita Pauli;Vita Hilarionis; De viris illustribus, Praecepta Pachomiana and the Epistula 127. Jerome's main concern is to establish who was the first and this aim makes him draw 'authentic' genealogies of the monasticism, challenging other historical reconstructions. His work is mainly targeted to ascetics and his origins' reconstruction and it is important since it reports of the rising of a monastic self-awareness in the first generation of western ascetics. Their experiences were linked to the Egyptian tradition, as it was the generating, most ancient and prestigious one; on the other side, they believed monasticism being related to the apostolic Church and considered themselves as contemporary 'apostolic men'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the relationship between France and Italy in the period between 1944 and 1945, with a focus on the attitude of French general and statesman Charles De Gaulle toward Italy. Topics discussed include changes in the relationship between France and Italy during this time, the papers and correspondence of De Gaulle, and French political behavior toward Italy.

The article discusses the crucial relation between culture, history and politics. The author starts with an analysis of Hans Ulrich Wehler's Gesellschaftsgeschichte and Walter Benjamin's famous article «Edward Fuchs, Collector and Historian». It focuses in particular on Wehler's concept of society and his theory of social history and Benjamin's use of «collective history». In a second part, the article deals with the contemporary German debate on memory and remembrance and the guiding difference between history and cultural studies, society and community. Above all, the author argues that the question of method is a political one. The paper pursues a more ambitious objective, which is to determine the theoretical and therefore political statutes of collective memory in times of contingency.

This paper deals with a number of textual and exegetical problems in books 1-8 of Nicetas Choniates' Xpovᶥκὴ δᶥήγησᶥς. The author's chief intention is to detect neglected literary sources, to define more thoroughly the exact meaning of some words and phrases, to shed light on some res Byzantinae (in matters of history, geography, Realien etc.), and to discuss some textual problems posed -- or left open -- by van Dieten's edition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the migratory paths and economic integration of Filipino female domestic workers in Italy and in Canada. In both countries Filipino women are strongly represented in the domestic and care sector, and they usually work as live-ins. Canada has a highly regulated program for the temporary recruitment of live-in domestic workers. In Italy the lack of active recruitment policies and the constant demand of service workers have led many women to migrate with an irregular status. Relying on life history data collected in in-depth interviews conducted in both countries, the text explores the migratory projects, the role of ethnic networks and other institutions in the process of economic integration. The results indicate that a regulated programme, such as the Canadian one, paradoxically leaves migrant workers in a position of vulnerability towards employment agencies and employers; on the other hand, in Italy migrants are often irregular and thus more subject to exploitation. But ethnic networks seem able to provide strong support and partly protect new migrants' working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angela Carter's work has been usually studied from feminist points of view and from postmodernist aspects as the rewriting of fairy tales. Without denying this fact, this paper wants to underline the importance of History in Angela Carter's work focusing on the analysis of her short story «The Scarlet House». Carter's ideas on History, most of them framed in postmodernity, can find a suitable place among different theories within philosophy of History, something which will allow a historical reading of this short story. This type of interpretation was admitted by Carter herself when she accepted the multiplicity of readings for the same literary work.

This paper presents an educational experience designed to teach a number of key events of the Edad de la Plata and Spanish Civil War to year five students who study Spanish as a foreign language at the Dante Alighieri Classic Liceum Ravenna. The aim of this educational path i to promote situated and cooperative learning through gamification and digital tools. Cognitive and affective learning objectives are the situated study of the main historical events of the Spanish historical context from 1898 to 1939, the development of awareness and creativity in using digital tools and the promotion of cooperation in the classroom. The path is made up of missions that challenge students to collect, select, critically employ historical information and make use of the foreign language as a tool to communicate, collect and recreate information, make and play games.

The teaching of history is an important way in which the older generation, who control education systems, curricula, content choice and so on, pass on to the younger generation ideas, especially the idea of nationhood, which they hope will form the basis for future national cohesion. The younger generation, however, receive these messages and interpret then through the lens of their own experiences, experiences that they do not share with the older generation. Consequently, the idea of history is re-formed and reformulated by each generation. This paper looks at the role of textbooks, principally history textbooks, in that process. The style of textbooks is to present history as uncontentious, a descriptive account of facts and events. In practice, however, textbooks can only present an arbitrary selection from history, and a crucial decision made by educators is when to start their account – the beginning of history – as this can radically affect the interpretation of events. This facsimile of neutrality stands in sharp contrast to the professional historians’ hope that the teaching of history can develop a critical sense of important and contested events in history. The discussion is illustrated with examples of how history is presented in China and Japan, and how the conflicting accounts serve the interests of the policies adopted by the older generation, but may have unanticipated consequences for the younger generation.

History as a discipline is called to face the progressive erosion of its value within contemporary society. In order to achieve this goal, history must adapt itself to the rapid evolution of the media. Also, Didactics of History needs to change and to answer multiple questions: How has the relationship with the present changed today, especially for young people? What are the new and old forms of communication that can integrate Didactics of History? Which kind of sources and themes can help to adapt Didactics of History to nowadays challenges? This essay tries to answer these questions through a critical reading of the papers submitted to the panel Narrare e Comunicare at the conference Viva la storia Viva. La storia è il faro dell’umanità.

Research related to the acquisition of historical skills by students of compulsory education levels is of great interest today in different countries. The paper presents the first results of an investigation whose objective is to analyze the cognitive abilities required of students in activities within second grade Secondary Education History textbooks in Italy. The information analysis instruments are five books belonging to the best-selling publishers in Italy. The study design presents a quantitative descriptive approach, centered on average values through the statistical program SPSS v. 24. The main results indicate that in all the books analyzed the majority of the activities are of a low cognitive level and that, therefore, they ask the students to textually reproduce the conceptual contents of the textbook, which makes it difficult to learn critical and reflective historical thinking. These results coincide with those obtained in other European countries like Spain, Portugal and France.

This paper aims to think about some historic aspects of Brazil, as regards to socio-environmental issues resulting from production and consumption practices related to animal agriculture activities, which are the main responsibles for the historical environmental impacts. The importance of posture chances in society and the knowledge of the environmental history, that follows evolution and considers man as an integral part of nature, are issues of great value for reflection on the current world scenario. In this context, the history contributes to the understanding of past events, that reflect their consequences in the present and are able to change the future. This argument is more significant when it is about Environmental History related to the understanding of the behavior of society, over time.

In the realm of the moving image we can find several examples of a tendency to revisit the past in order to rewrite or reconstruct historical events. Following the ideas of Ariella Azoulay (2019, 2013) about the potential history as a way to imagine other possible histories and the role of the archival materials for the reconstruction of the narratives about the past, this article analyzes the ways in which Yervant Gianikian (1942) and Angela Ricci Lucchi (1942-2018), throughout their works, call into question the hegemonic narratives of history. I will focus in the analysis of their film Barbaric Land (Pays Barbare, France, 2013), in which the directors worked with archival footage from the 1920's and 1930's, related to the Italian colonization of Ethiopia. The text addresses how, by using montage as a theoretical and technological tool, the couple examine critically those documents and narratives to contrast the colonial politics of Mussolini with the shocking reality of the African territory and its inhabitants. Finally, the paper analyzes the manipulation processes of those materials and the ways in which they explore the Fascist ideology that produced the images of the so called “barbaric land” and its “primitive” inhabitants.

Fashion changes societies, and is also itself shaped by multiple socio-cultural processes, including processes of globalization. At the same time, fashion scholarship is not only speaking about and seeking to understand fashion, but is also actively formulating ideas, assumptions and understandings as to what fashion can be, and where in history and in which geographical locations fashion can be found. This paper addresses the increasingly complex question of the nature of fashion in a globalized and increasingly interconnected world. Arguing for a radical, “punk,” attitude toward fashion scholarship, and a concomitant rethinking of fashion, we suggest an approach that goes beyond academic and political fashions, drawing upon historical scolarship and examples. For while it is strikingly obvious that fashion is a global and globalized phenomenon, its specific character, and indeed its geographical locations and origins, remain contested. Drawing inspiration from the ancient Greek historian Polybius, and his ideas of an "ecumenical analytical" approach to studying world-wide phenomena, we reflect upon the history and current state of fashion studies in what we consider an ecumenical moment, which demands novel insights, but also holds many new opportunities for the field.

If the history of music has been writen and writen over, it has always been around the works and the composers. There is a place for a history of music written from the listener¹s point of view. The ability to listen is not so much a personal quality or the mechanical counterpart of the history of musical works and languages as the end result of having made the necessary time and space for this activity, after a long historical and collective apprenticeship which itself produced a world of coordinated objects. The paper gives elements of analysis and materials from a survey on music lovers, whose taste is seen as an active and reflexive practice, involving a collective, objects, and procedures, and not as a label put on social games of identity and difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of Henri Baulig’s heritage, archives and manuscripts. H. Baulig’s international fame in geomorphology has contributed to the Geographical Institute of Strasbourg’s fame as well. His ideas are mainly influenced by W. M. Davis. And two types of inventories help to understand his ideas. On the one hand, the inventories of his handwritten notes, which are actually stored in the Geographical Institute of Strasbourg on the other hand, the exhaustive bibliographical inventories. Comparing these two inventories enlightens us about H. Baulig’s biography, allowing us to define the implications of his work in Strasbourg city, and to clarify the evolution of his thought. This paper aims to provide a tool for researchers both in geography and history.

Based on the model of the “escape room” game, the activity proposed in this paper centres on the historical site of one of the fiercest battles of the Spanish Civil War (February 1937). The battle site is in the area of Rivas-vaciamadrid, the focal point of the Francoist and Republican camps, which connected the centre of Madrid with one of the city’s most important logistics and military facilities, Alcalà de Henares. The study proposes a new way to use the site and, in particular, proposes a live game aimed at involving different types of participants, aligning it with their specific profiles, whether children, adults or scholars. Its main aim is to propose an activity for the sustainable valorization of this heritage and to raise awareness in participants about this significant piece of history as well as its preservation in the long-term. It should be kept in mind that “Los pueblos que desconocen su Historia están condenados a repetirla”, i.e. “Those who do not know their history are doomed to repeat it”.The Rivas-vaciamadrid site is also a source of information and study regarding geological, natural and historical-artistic aspects. One example is the Porphyrio porphiyrio (western swamphen), present in the ecosystem of Rivas-vaciamadrid, which has a noteworthy past having been depicted in the mosaics of both the "Villa Romana del Casale" in Sicily and the Church of "San Vitale", in Ravenna, Italy as well as being reported in writings by Aristotle and Pliny the Elder.

The intricate relationship between morphology and history plays a crucial role in Darwin’s evolutionary theory since his first major work, The Origins of the Species (1859). The paper explores the distant roots of Darwin’s reflections on rudimentary characters: a theme in which morphology and history intersect. Darwin’s debate, both implicit and explicit, with his scientific interlocutors, starting from Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, led him to explain rudimentary characters on the basis of a linguistic model, which turned morphology into history: a path-breaking solution.

At the outset, «myth», which is a widely held false belief, and «history» as a scientific discipline based on actual fact might appear to be incompatible. However, the history of Indian education abounds with several myths that are far removed from reality. Such myths were developed for political and ideological reasons. As Eric Hobsbawm argues, «myth and inventions are essential to the politics of identity»; to claim that «we are different from, and better than the other is part and parcel of this process» (Hobsbawm, 1997, p. 7). In the history of Indian education, myths were invented and perpetuated to prove that Indians were essentially different to Europeans. In certain myths, Indians are superior to the Europeans and do not require the knowledge created in Europe, and in other myths it was the might of the colonial state that imposed modern education upon the passive recipients. All these myths begin with basic assumption that the world consists of neatly divided categories of East-West; coloniser-colonised, and European-non-European. These categories are often considered to be mutually exclusive, incompatible and impermeable. This paper addresses two primary myths in the history of Indian education – that «pre colonial indigenous education was oral» (Kumar, 1991) and «modern education was European cultural imposition» (Carnoy, 1972) – as well as a cluster of secondary myths created to reinforce them.

This paper presents the epigraphic study of the inscription in the Chacon’s coat of arms, located in the outside of the chapel of velez (murcia’s Cathedral). this study is based on the exhaustive analysis of its epigraphic format, the paleographic study of its singular writing, the meaning and its own functionality. at the end, we offer a new lecture of this particular inscription, based on the epigraphic and paleographic research.

The crisis of democracy is currently a much-debated topic. However, both the concept of crisis and that of democracy are much abused concepts, overloaded with political meanings and therefore very controversial. Hence, how can we investigate the condition of contemporary democratic regimes? One of the possible solutions is to have recourse to history, that is to reconstruct the long-term transformation of democratic institutions. This is what this article attempts to do. The fundamental points of reference will be drawn from the great lesson of Norbert Elias, a sociologist who has always maintained that sociology cannot do without history. For Elias, democracy arose historically as a technique for conducting conflicts peacefully, through elections and representative institutions. How has this technique developed historically over the last three centuries? A second hypothesis of Elias is that the peaceful condition of conflicts has led over time to a slow and progressive reduction of «power differentials» between rulers and ruled and between social strata. This article will argue that while power differentials have been reduced for a long time, for almost half a century this reduction has stopped, and power differentials have been growing again. Democracy provides for the peaceful conduct of conflicts, not their end. Someone wins and someone loses. In this historical moment, it is the elites who win and most of the population who lose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I discuss various aspects related to the imaginary and to the symbolism of the date palm in the written sources from ancient Mesopotamia through the analysis of two compositions. The first is a Sumerian text known as Inanna and ukaletuda, which contains in the first part a myth describing the creation of the date palm by a raven instructed by the god Enki. The second is a Babylonian dispute, Palm and Tamarisk, in which the two trees try to prevail one over the other, proclaiming their virtues and functions. The analysis shows that, although prerogatives and associations are shared by other trees, the palm holds the primacy over all of them. In the conclusions, I argue that one of the possible reasons of such preeminence is that the palm is the only one of these trees that produces a fruit - the date - which, moreover, is on the economic and cultural level is equal to the primary cultivation of cereals.

This investigation sets out to analyse Woodstock, 1969 upon the backdrop of the Heideggerian theme Being-towards-death. By focusing on the momentum behind the event, the importance of the festival itself crumbles and a real depth to the iconic countercultural occasion emerges. Under the yoke of nuclear terror, the countercultural movement had to carry the potentiality of their own death heavy on their shoulders. What this paper sets to argue, is that this threat of nuclear annihilation was a unique experience that led to a mass exodus towards an authentic societal model.

This paper surveys the cookbooks and the descriptions of banquets and daily meals in chronicles, letters and account registers, in order to understand the relationship between rural food and the Italian haute cuisine of the XIV and the XV centuries. Rural products were despised by the common sense and by the dietetics’ thought, but they were part of the daily meals of the elites, and they were at the basis of some gourmet dishes described in cookbooks. In exclusive banquets, however, the presence of rural food was very limited, and its place within the structure of the meal was just liminal

Objectives The article attempts to provide an explanation why the English legal language is so complex and so difficult to understand especially for the lay people. Also mentioned are the attempts that have been made to simplify it. The paper also describes its development throughout history. It maintains that legal English is the result of history and political and social processes ongoing in the given historical period. Material and methods Descriptive and comparative method. Method of analysis and synthesis. Results Finally, it should be noted that the current form of the English legal language is not an artificial creation of lawyers with the aim of monopolizing the profession, or creating a monopoly for the provision of legal services. This language is the natural result of various socio-political, linguistic and cultural influences, as well as of the gradual increase in the complexity of the entire English legal system. Conclusions Finally, it should be noted that the current form of the English legal language is not an artificial creation of lawyers with the aim of monopolizing the profession, or creating a monopoly for the provision of legal services. This language is the natural result of various socio-political, linguistic and cultural influences, as well as of the gradual increase in the complexity of the entire English legal system.

Quinet studies the logic of life in natural history, history and the arts from an epistemological viewpoint. He shows interesting similarities between different fields of study, and he explains the specificity of the épistémè of the 19th century. This paper will show the impact of the concept of the unity of knowledgeon the writing of Quinet’s book, and the ideological and religious implications.

In this paper, I present a series of educational projects, new challenges and perspectives that the International Centre of methodology for teaching history and heritage (DiPaSt) of the University of Bologna has undertaken in the last years regarding the teaching of history and heritage education. I would like to start by asking a question: can historical and cultural heritage act as a tool to compensate for the gaps, shortcomings, and the sense of loss, which afflict and define the society in which we live? In addition, this in turn leads us to another question: which tools and which methodologies can we use? Every time when a professor starts a new course of Medieval History or Methodologies of teaching history, most of the students tell him that they do not like history. Therefore, the professor usually spends half of the time of the course explaining why it is important to study and to teach history. Because history is not the merely textbook, or a sequence of dates, wars, battles. Nevertheless, history is us, we are history. For these reasons, fifteen years ago, a group of professors of the University of Bologna got together and created the “Feast of the history”. Nowadays, the Feast is widely recognized as one of the most important events in Europe.

Copyright of Sociologia Italiana is the property of EGEA S.p.A and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the textual, visual and performative aspects of the “DAP project”, viewed as an “incident” in russian culture. In the light of an event-oriented philosophical and culturological scientific approach, the methodological problems are resolved in favor of a polycentric, “vibratory” view of the author’s work, allowing us to take in consideration the various aspects of the project’s relations toward the questions of authorship and the use of textual, visual, somatic and other “artistic materials”. The pursue for a special kind of distance, separation from the used “artistic materials” and a yearning “not to be identified” inside of them, to remain in the sphere of an (idealistically said) “complete artistic freedom” are by this means discovered as the main goals of the project.

Unlike the hard sciences, historiography lacks a specific nomenclature. The lexicon employed by historians is drawn from the plain language of everyday life. Therefore, the words of history are to be defined within the spatio-temporal framework, and to be construed through processes of contextualization and comparison. My work here stems from these considerations, and attempts to chart the occurrence of errors in historiography. In particular, I take into account the way in which historiographic mistakes arise from the intermingling of words, space, and historical time. Another significant aspect concerns the relationship between history, fiction, and arbitrariness. The latter concept is linked to historical interpretation, which constitutes the last stage of historiographical work, after the analysis and the reconstruction of events. The last part of this paper offers a typology of frequent errors in historiography.

The paper discusses the structure and carved decoration of the restored marble sanctuary screen from the island of Koločep near Dubrovnik. Based on the early medieval history of present-day southern Dalmatia and the fragmentary inscription commemorating a queen as the donor of the screen, it may be concluded that she was one of the Serbian Doclean (Duklja) queens from the second half of the eleventh century. The inscription is the only evidence that the kings of Dioclea ruled over the Elaphite islands. The carved decoration is typical of the Middle Byzantine period (9th-12th century), with some regional traits. The only exceptions are the figures of putti. They can be associated with Romanesque architectural sculpture in southern Italy created in the late eleventh century, after the Norman conquest of this region. The author puts forward the hypothesis that the donor was Queen Jaquinta, wife of King Bodin (1081-1101), who was a Norman woman from Bari.

This paper assumes as a premise that music histories, like all histories, result from a conscious choosing of one’s cultural ancestors. By asking who ‘the ancestors’ would logically be for musicians active in the contemporary United States, it implies the connections between institutional music histories and the ideological formation of local or national identities, and acknowledges the increasing difficulty of managing those connections in an era of widespread migration and the oft-proclaimed decline of nation-states in favor of globalizing entities. Determinedly recommending neither universal or global adjustments to music historical pedagogy, it asserts profound structural changes in music history curricula as inevitable, names the network of economic and ideological interests against which curricular reformers struggle, and reaffirms the relevance of music history as a way to learn from the dead how it could be to be human.

The paper presents the work of Jan Lorentowicz Polska pieśń niepodległa, published before Poland regained its independence (fragments published in 1915/1916 (no. 1–2), a separate publication of the whole – 1917). This work is among those texts written by Lorentowicz which have been forgotten. Nevertheless, it is the evidence of the critic’s erudition, literateness and passion for patriotic poetry, as well as a depiction of social mood during the Great War. According to Lorentowicz, an independence song is inspired by collective experiences – of servitude, conspiracy and national liberation uprisings – shared by subsequent generations of Polish poets and poetry readers. It is a testimony of an ‘irrepressible’ Polish spirit, the faith of the nation in regaining independence and existing against all odds; it is also a record of its fight and martyrdom.

The aims of this paper are to offer a brief historical account of book fairs in Catalonia based on a review of documentary materials and to provide a broad outline of their variety and typology. The proposed classification is predicated on previous studies that have addressed the characteristics that identify different types of book fair. The results show some degree of proliferation in book fairs in recent years, reflecting an attempt to develop them as tools for economic and cultural promotion. Barcelona is the host city of a large number of the events, but they also take place in 16 other comarcas, or districts, of Catalonia. The vast majority have a regional geographical scope and are intended for the general public. Although there is a diversity of products across the fairs, the predominant focus is on new books generally, not specific subject matter. In terms of the management of the book fairs, cultural institutions are the leading group, but it is also common to find book-related guilds and public administrations in charge of the events.

[«... scribendi elementa percurrere». For a new contribution to the interpretation of the young Vico from the Inaugural Orationsto the De ratione]. In this paper the author analyzes the context of Vico’s early works with the aim to achieve a twofold goal. The first one, considering the studies of Nicola Badaloni and Biagio de Giovanni, is to show in relation to which aspects Vico’s thought changed in the period between the first group of orations (1699-1708) and the publication of De nostri temporis ratione studiorum (1709). The second one is to analyze the VI Oration and some texts of De ratione, in order to demonstrate that the connection between oratory and writing is theoretically crucial in order to understand the development of Vico’s philosophy.

L'article pretén recollir una breu notícia històrica de les fires de llibres a Catalunya a partir d'una revisió de material hemerogràfic, i, presentar un esbós sobre la varietat i tipologia d'aquest tipus d'activitats a Catalunya. La classificació proposada es fonamenta en alguns treballs anteriors que han incidit en les característiques que identifiquen diferents tipus de fires de llibres. Els resultats mostren una certa proliferació de fires els darrers anys tot cercant convertir-se en una eina de promoció econòmica i cultural. Barcelona en reuneix una bona part, però se'n troben també en 16 comarques més. La immensa majoria tenen un àmbit geogràfic regional i van dirigides a un públic general. Malgrat que hi ha diversitat quant al producte que s'ofereix, predominen els llibres nous no centrats en una temàtica específica. Pel que fa a la responsabilitat gestora, les entitats culturals són les que més fires organitzen, però també és freqüent que la gestió correspongui a gremis vinculats al llibre i a administracions públiques. The aims of this paper are to offer a brief historical account of book fairs in Catalonia based on a review of documentary materials and to provide a broad outline of their variety and typology. The proposed classification is predicated on previous studies that have addressed the characteristics that identify different types of book fair. The results show some degree of proliferation in book fairs in recent years, reflecting an attempt to develop them as tools for economic and cultural promotion. Barcelona is the host city of a large number of the events, but they also take place in 16 other comarcas, or districts, of Catalonia. The vast majority have a regional geographical scope and are intended for the general public. Although there is a diversity of products across the fairs, the predominant focus is on new books generally, not specific subject matter. In terms of the management of the book fairs, cultural institutions are the leading group, but it is also common to find book-related guilds and public administrations in charge of the events.

El artículo pretende recoger una breve noticia histórica sobre las ferias de libros en Cataluña a partir de una revisión de material hemerográfico, y, presentar un boceto sobre la variedad y tipología de este tipo de actividades en Cataluña. La clasificación propuesta se fundamenta en algunos trabajos anteriores que han incidido en las características que identifican diferentes tipos de ferias de libros. Los resultados muestran cierta proliferación de ferias en los últimos años buscando convertirse en una herramienta de promoción económica y cultural. Barcelona reúne buena parte de ellas, pero también se encuentran en 16 comarcas más. La mayoría tiene un ámbito geográfico regional y van dirigidas a un público general. Pese a la diversidad del producto que se ofrece, predominan los libros nuevos sin centrarse en una temática específica. En cuanto a la responsabilidad gestora, las entidades culturales son las que más ferias organizan, pero también es frecuente que la gestión corresponda a gremios vinculados al libro y a administraciones públicas. The aims of this paper are to offer a brief historical account of book fairs in Catalonia based on a review of documentary materials and to provide a broad outline of their variety and typology. The proposed classification is predicated on previous studies that have addressed the characteristics that identify different types of book fair. The results show some degree of proliferation in book fairs in recent years, reflecting an attempt to develop them as tools for economic and cultural promotion. Barcelona is the host city of a large number of the events, but they also take place in 16 other comarcas, or districts, of Catalonia. The vast majority have a regional geographical scope and are intended for the general public. Although there is a diversity of products across the fairs, the predominant focus is on new books generally, not specific subject matter. In terms of the management of the book fairs, cultural institutions are the leading group, but it is also common to find book-related guilds and public administrations in charge of the events.

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The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon the vexata quaestio of Machiavelli’s quotations from Livy in Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio. In particular, I shall focus on modifications and cuts of the original text. As I aim to prove, these adaptations are often due either to the political thesis that Machiavelli wants to demonstrate, or to a pedagogical simplification.

The main topic of my paper concerns the theological-philosophical nexus between the intensive and qualitative spatiality of the Monad and the Origenian idea of Apokatastasis as a nexus that can clarify Benjamin's latest idea of the Messianic World. The first step will be, therefore, to explain (1) Benjamin's use of the Origenian notion of Apokatastasis in his Essay on Leskov and in the Passagenwerk. Secondly, I will discuss (2) how and to what extent such use is relevant for Benjamin's idea of Messianism. Thirdly, I will propose (3) the thesis that, for Benjamin, a messianic idea of time implies a monadological idea of space. In this regard, the relationship between continuity and discontinuity, which is crucial to understand the late Benjamin's idea of history, must be understood precisely as a dialectical relationship that involves not only time but also space. (4 ) The figure of intermittence – as we shall see – expresses in the most suitable way the intertwining of space and time as dialectically and messianicaly oriented. This sequence of logical steps and critical considerations will shed light on the true nature of Benjamin's idea of dialectics and on its relationship to the idea of the totality. The real term of confrontation of Benjamin's late philosophy (from the Passagenwerk to the Theses on the concept of history) does not concern, therefore, Heidegger, but Hegel. In the light of this confrontation, Heidegger's Being and Time is already in pieces. It is as it were – we can say – behind Benjamin's movement of thought.

Eduardo Coutinho’s contemporary cinema is marked by the interview as a dramatic form, as well as the register of the ongoing encounter between the director and his interviewees. However, this “art of the present”, as called by Consuelo Lins, implies a rarer, denser history-writing project. This paper explores this dimension of his work by comparing two films that are 20 years apart in their making: Twenty years later (1984) and Metalworkers(2004). Their similarities and differences allow us to note, between past and present, mutual insights that Coutinho’s diachronic gesture brings about, which hypothetically constitutes “the present as history”.

Microgeolocation technologies are ushering in a new way to use of cultural heritage. In particular, among the immersive environments, “Augmented Aurality” projects (soundwalks) distinguish oneself as effective instruments of dissemination. This paper shows some aspects of the relationship between soundwalks and dissemination tools.

It looks very much like philosophy is going to save psychiatry or at least to rescue it from the quick sands of biological reductionism, in which it has been muddling for decades. Through a series of historical cases (Roland Kuhn, Viktor Frankl, Hemmo Müller‐ Suur) this paper aims at showing that this situation is not new and that it would be naïve to take the salvific value of philosophy for granted.