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The Cluster WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) is one of the cornerstones of humanitarian action, and a key element for the promotion of health worldwide. The recent years demonstrated the pressure on this humanitarian cluster, as a result of climate change. At the same time, it is also clear that WASH actions have a potential to foster health promotion, preparedness, and resilience among communities affected by humanitarian crisis related to climate hazards. This aspect is visible in both the existing literature of the major international organisations and NGOs networks acting in this field. It is also visible in the best practices promoted in two countries looked at in the paper: Bangladesh and the United States. This comparative analysis allows us to extract conclusions that may be replicable in other national or local contexts. It contributes to a better comprehension of the links between the humanitarian indicators and actions, and the imperative of a work with communities in order to improve even more the preparedness of the health impact of climate change.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze public posts on the social network Facebook that point to xenophobic opinions about the (i)migrant poetry slam scene in Portugal. These posts reflect the post-colonial attitudes of a historically colonizing country, which is currently experiencing a cultural identity crisis that oscillates between Lusotropicalist and Eurocentric ideology, and whose economic, racial and gender discrimination is still present. We will therefore look at poetry slam in Portugal in the light of post-colonial, identity and social disputes.

This paper explores the discursive construction of the male characters of the Spanish miniseries Antidisturbios created by Rodrigo Sorogoyen and Isabel Peña and premiered on Movistar + on 16 October 2020. Combining a qualitative methodology (film analysis and critical discourse analysis applied to gender studies) with a quantitative approach to the script of the series, the study focuses on the representation of the six riot police officers, paying attention both to how their roles reproduce hegemonic masculinity and to any new form of masculinity that can be observed in response to that normative pattern.

The article analyses theexploitation of elastic rubber in BolivianAmazonia (1880-1920), which played a crucial role in the definitive colonisationof the eastern part of the country. The goal of the paper is to describe the diverseroles women played in the several stages and contexts of rubber extraction,aiming at documenting the operation of the extractive machinery from a femalepoint of view and also to reconstruct the historical agency of the Creole,Indigenous and European women left out of the historical sources by the hyper-masculinising bias of Amazonian history.

This paper analyses the relationship between masturbation and literary creation, taking as a reference the memoirs and some poems by Carlos Barral. For this purpose, it also considers texts by other authors, who lived through Franco's repression just like Barral or simply gave their own meaning to the search for intimate pleasure implied by autoeroticism. The essay aims to study the ways in which literary and sexual subjectivity feed back into each other, in an era marked by censorship and silence.

This paper will discuss a movie and a multimedia work based on the play Las brutas by Juan Radrigán, about the last days of three Colla shepherds, who lived isolated in the northern Chilean Andes. Western and urban projections about the relation between human being and environment and the meaning of life that are on display in the works will be explored. Through the interplay among Colla ethnological sources, Andean thought and phenomenology, the paper aims at problematizing the very premises of critical approach.

This paper aims to understand how heritage is the result of a simultaneous game of memory and oblivion, which carries with it visions of a hierarchical society. For this purpose, the most important heritage sites of Santa Marta, the most ancient city of South America, are analysed. In this city, it’s possible to appreciate the heritage framework that involves the commemoration of two temporalities: Spanish colonialism of XVI century, and republican endocolonialism in the XIX century. In the paper it is analysed how these two historical segments have imposed a sense of identity.

Society management and the COVID-19 pandemic require continuous restatement and consolidation. Furthermore, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development created by the United Nations establishes a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability to meet the needs of future generations and where Goal 5 addresses gender equality as a central priority. The main aim of this paper is to present a crossed-analysis study on how the health crisis has influenced differently the social behaviour between gender and generations in Spain. For this study there have been used a massive open data from the Sociological Research Centre (CIS). The mixed techniques´ methodology of this research was applied to study four social effect dimensions, such as “way of living”, “way of thinking”, “way of self-healthcare” and “social habits and behaviour”. The used techniques contributed analytically to gender and generations management during the pandemic with the intent of complementarity. Obtained findings by analysing four studied dimensions explain the effects and consequences of the pandemic involving differences between men and women, younger and older generations, leading to society management implications that can timely serve as a paradigm with scientific insights for public policies.

This paper aims to analyse the characters of Bartleby, from the story “Bartleby, the scrivener” by Herman Melville, and Aires, from the novel Conselour Aires’s Memoirs by Machado de Assis, through a philosophical perspective that multiplies the possibilities of fiction conceived traditionally as the opposite of reality. By investigating those literary figures, along with a Deleuzian vocabulary, this paper will think about the limits of a traditional conception of reality and fiction, as well as the self, in order to assert its dynamic and unstable aspect which consequently involves language itself.

The implementation of European policies at the regional level is realized through the creation of intervention mechanisms, specific organizations, and funding within Euroregions and Eurocities. The GaliciaNorthern Portugal Euroregion, due to its historical and cultural characteristics, has been benefiting from these policies. In this paper, we aim to start from a shared political and cultural history between Galicia and Portugal, particularly at the border delimited by the Minho River, to see how this border experience serves, or not, as an affirmation of European citizenship. Around the concepts of Frontier/border and Euroregion, we analyze two case studies: the Agenda 2030 of the Cerveira-Tomiño Eurocity and the creation of the Galician-Portuguese Intangible Cultural Heritage Center. The goal is to explore the potential of a policy of proximity and participatory citizenship for a stronger assertion of European citizenship.

Spanish musical film was recurrent during the Francoism, with actors who sang or singers who acted. At first, linked to popular styles, Spanish cinema opted since 1960s for melodic song or pop, and promoted an idea of modernity to Europe and Latin America through singers of the time. This paper analyzes the characters and songs of the seven films which Raphael starred between 1966 and 1973, in the second Francoism, where, almost autobiographically, he played aspiring and music stars, sang the hits from his albums and his performances worked in these films as a music video.

This paper analyses the decolonial production of Edgardo Lander and Ramón Grosfoguel. It will focus on a historiographical reconstruction of the characteristics presented by the Coloniality-Modernity network. The methodological approach applied here is that of the History of the Latin-American Ideas. It concludes that the network fractures due to the publication of a political document authored by some of the decolonial intellectuals, who are critics of Nicolas Maduro’s government. These theoretical-political dissidences allow to disarticulate the myth of the Modernity-Coloniality group.

The aim of this paper is discussing some polemical points when it comes to the Brazilian literature written by afro-Brazilian writers. What is the most adequate category to use for talking about these texts: afro-Brazilian literature? Afrodescendent literature? Brazilian black literature? After that, it is presented a “study case” focusing the short novel Ilhota, written by Zeli de Oliveira Barbosa.

This paper reflects on health reparation practices in the context of neoliberal hegemony and long-lasting impunity. It builds on an ethnographical approach (2019-2022) to four health reparation initiatives created by users and workers of a state reparation program together with civil organizations in the South of Chile. It states that the way these initiatives deal with the damage produced by state violence (1973-1990) point toward an alternative horizon for health reparations, which may also counter today’s authoritarian orientations.

This paper seeks to approach the story that blames the Chilean left for the institutional breakdown that ended in the civil-military dictatorship led by Augusto Pinochet. If we take as a reference the Uruguayan case, in relation to the discussion on "who threw the first stone" (the left or the right), we do it to question and deepen our own case, by analyzing the arguments that justify representations of the past that criminalize, shame and dehumanize the identity pillars of the Chilean left. Thus, we will explore the responsibilities of the right wing not only in the institutional ruptures, but also in the dissemination and representation of common meanings that aim to see the actions of the left as a "cause" and the military irruption as a "consequence".

This paper aims to explore the ‘migratory careers’ of a group of highly educated Brazilian women and the dynamics activated to achieve the job-education match in Spain. It analyses the reasons for emigration and settlement, as well as the structures of opportunities and constraints, from a multidimensional perspective. The main findings show the existence of a system of vulnerabilities that influence both their geographical trajectories and their occupational (im)mobilities. This is explained in terms of the interrelationship between hindering/fostering factors in different dimensions of life, with the aim of developing a balanced migratory career to achieve the job-education match.

‘Civic innovation is about focusing on what is positive, creative and imaginative in the face of a world that seems beset by crisis narratives’ (Biekart, Harcourt, Knorringa, 2016: 3). In exploring the term civic innovation, as it is used in Development Studies, ‘we are not looking for a new theory and practice that will lead to a grand transformation of neoliberal capitalism but rather at how to build a mosaic of responses by looking at what is happening on the ground where people are living the contradictions of development. It is argued that we need to question pre-determined ideas of what measures to take and go beyond universal policy solutions, in order to look with openness at the actions on the ground’ (Ibid.). In that sense, civic innovation can be perceived as the ‘political sister’ of social innovation as it directly assesses dominant power relations. The paper explores a different and trans-disciplinary approach to researching change: by descending from the academic ivory tower, respecting and deploying multiple knowledges for civic innovation, as well as approaching change with the ideas and tools of Participatory Action Research. Examples from knowledge dialogues with Central American social movements are used to explore this methodology further, including the downsides and the dilemmas. The paper concludes that carefully planned dialogues, reflexivity of facilitators, and awareness about potential power issues are probably key features of a knowledge generation process that may embody progressive social change.

This paper seeks to outline a methodological approach that can be used in order to help understand such movements, and more fundamentally, the role of community in Social Innovation (SI). The article offers an overview of Participative Action Research (PAR), and outlines its strengths and weaknesses in studying community-based social innovation, in this case the Transition movement. PAR is not an ‘off the shelf’ kit, or a ‘conforming of methodological standards’, but rather a series of approaches that ought to inform the research. The paper argues that these approaches, rather than techniques, are essential to get right if the intangible, granular, and incidental-but-fundamental aspects of community are to be grasped by researchers. Given the small-scale nature of community low carbon transitions a granular analysis is preferred to a more surface, superficial overview of such processes. Qualitative research is preferred to quantitative aggregation of initiatives, due to the need to understand the everyday, more phenomenological aspects of community, and the specific tacit relations and subjectivities enacted through their capacity to cut carbon.

Diffusion of social innovations has become a key theme in social innovation research. In this paper I argue that the importance of power relations and opposition against social innovations should receive a more central position in this line of research. Using detours to the related fields of Science and Technology Studies and Transition Studies, the significance of (shifting) power relations in the diffusion of innovations is underlined. Through a historical case study on the institutionalisation/diffusion of women’s suffrage in the Netherlands (1883-1919) it is shown that power struggles and shifting power relations are also key for the successful diffusion of a social innovation. With this paper I aim to bring power and empowerment to the agenda of social innovation researchers.

The armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine has once again drawn the attention of the international community to an inter-state war in its classical sense. Unfortunately, it also means that a ‘side-effect’ of armed conflicts has resurfaced in the form of international crimes. Both sides accuse one another of war crimes, crimes against humanity and to a degree even genocide. The crime of aggression is also being analysed by academia as the most serious violation of the prohibition of the use of force. Even though the end of war is nowhere in sight, discussion needs to be initiated on how to establish accountability mechanisms for these crimes. This paper will analyse four possible scenarios, weighing advantages and disadvantages along with a reality check to ascertain their feasibility. Firstly, processes before the International Criminal Court will be assessed followed by a quick overview of the role of domestic courts. As the third and fourth possibilities, the establishment of an ad hoc tribunal or a hybrid court will be looked into. The novelty element of the present article lies in the comprehensive comparison of the various international, internationalized and domestic forums with the goal of aiding the decision-making process of the parties and the international community seeking justice for international crimes committed over the course of the armed conflict.

The paper examines five poems in which the Portuguese Baroque poet Frei Jerónimo Baía (1620-1688) depicts the portrait of the beloved woman. Each of these texts features the list of the different body parts praised for their beauty, following a model already present in the Petrarchist tradition. Baía combines to this model, like other authors of the same period, a display of wit and a playful disposition for wordplay, hyperbole, and paradox.

José Saramago has repeatedly positioned himself against the use of the concept of narrator, often with categorical and provocative statements, seeking to take part in a theoretical-literary discussion that transcended his time andplace. By reflecting on the function of the literary quarrelin the construction and promotion of the writer-polemist, the purpose of this paper isto revive and deepen the debateproposed by the Portuguese Nobel laureate. Ouraim is to retrace his positions and a part of the history of the concept of the narrator, in orderto examine how this category is constructed in some of Saramago’s novels.

The current migratory movement from Venezuela to Colombia is at the heart of a heated debate. This paper aims to focus the attention on the Colombian context, starting from the transition process generated after the internal armed conflict. After that, border dynamics and migration policies will be examined, highlighting how the centrality of the subject order / disorder, social harmony / disharmony has also oriented the construction of the figure of the Venezuelan migrant both politically and in the media, with consequences on the reception and inclusion.

This paper proposes a reading of a collection of articles by Lucio V. Mansilla in which the author describes Paraguay as a field of experiences and a scenario of observations, as well as a territory that is part of his own world, while at the same time expands this map. Without including articles related to the Paraguayan War, we present several texts published between 1878 and 1889 and organize them in two main series: on the one hand, those where we read the narrative forms and images that Mansilla essayed as an explorer in his expedition to the country of gold; on the other hand, we present the political and cultural representations about pre- and post-war Paraguay in which Mansilla intervened as a foreign traveler, also in the post-war years.

This paper dwells on the challenges of globalisation and the hegemonic power structures that govern the relationships between the north and the south, and how it is possible to stablish epistemological and practical alliances between decolonial feminism and queer theories. Furthermore, the plethora of views on the topic allows us to construct connected theoretical frames, that gives us the ability to create non hegemonical and emancipated politics. This research analyses the main theses of decolonial feminism to establish a connection with other theories and to provide answers to the current global needs.

This paper aims to address the operation of military justice in Argentina during the period of the so-called "National Organization" that began in the mid-nineteenth century. We will review the influence and survival of the Spanish military tradition expressed in the military ordinances issued by Carlos III (1768) together with the different modalities used by the military authorities to repress military crimes. For this analysis, we will delve into aspects related to the management of internal discipline and military justice that is expressed in the punitive practices applied in various situations within the units of the Army of the Line, together with the laws and military decrees sanctioned during the second mid-nineteenth century in Argentina.

In this paper we will analyse how queer gender desires and expressions are cinematically articulated in Lucía Puenzo’s El niño pez. For this purpose, we will study the relationship between Lala (Inés Efrón) and her family's Guaraní domestic servant, Ailín (Mariela Vitale). We will implement a methodological approach anchored in the concepts of haptic visuality (Marks 2002) and interseccionality (Crenshaw 1989). Although El niño pez presents certain identitarian undefinitions linked to queerness, we will demonstrate that the construction of Lala's character points to certain stereotypes related to the filmic representation of lesbianism.

This paper proposes a reading of Las aventuras de la China Iron (2017) in relation to the literary canon and the ethnic imaginary in Argentina, to the language of a State that constituted itself as monolingual, and to heteropatriarchal hegemony. For this purpose, I use contributions from cultural (Jameson), gender (Haraway) and anthropological studies (Cadogan, Melià, Clastres), which ratify how the novel challenges pre-established orders, whether it is species, class or gender; or even ethnic, cultural and linguistic that nourish the national imaginary.

Abstract Specialized Scientific historiography in Freemasonry is a recent development, starting in France in the 1950 and 1960’s, in Spain in the 80’s and in Latin America since 2000.This young scientific community currently needs a critical historiographical review. This movement is necessarily collective one and is essential in providing useful guidance for future researchers. This paper is part of this process. Since Freemasonry is the founding prototype of the international public opinion (or international public spaces), masonic networks rely on a global history, referring not only to the analysis of contemporary international relations but also to public opinion and civil society studies. How does general history academia –and, especially, “world history”- deal with the masonic question? What are their favorite perspectives and historical periods? The paper is the first in a series aimed at evaluating the position Freemasonry holds in general history, it focuses on some representative "world history” works: the History of Public Opinion by Jürgen Habermas, the English speaking World History, Eric J. Hobsbawm three volumes of the 19th and 20th Centuries and the General History of the Nineteenth Century by Robert Schnerb.

The following paper highlights the meanings and expressions of memory in an Andean community of northern Chile. The aim is thus the identification and understanding of the various "paths of memory" or "amt'añ thakhi", used by farmers in the formal and informal remembrance of the past, both in labor expressions, cultural, as in the rituals using mnemonic devices. Additionally, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of memory as a significant tool for those companies faced with cultural and political changes, leading them to generate successive deconstructions of their own history and past events.

This paper examines Roberto Bolaño's rewriting of his own short story "Ramírez Hoffman, el infame" in the novel Estrella distante. It considers the re-narration of historical catastrophes as an ethical and political scheme, exploring Bolaño's poetics of narrative pluralization, as well as his ethics of reading as a critical experience. Following Idelber Avelar's theories on postdictatorial fiction, the paper highlights the author's effort to impede the resolution of the mourning process, opposing the politics of memory of the so-called Latin American democratic transition.

This paper is the result of an in progress ethnographic research in a slum of Guatemala City, a “red zone”, as local media label the marginal areas of the city. The paper will offer a complex interpretation of that place, understood as a relational outcome not only relating to the actors that live in, but to a general mental and social structure interconnected to the whole metropolitan area. The analysis of the rhetoric used to produce this social enclave will necessary focus on a specific phenomenon: the transnational juvenile banditry.

This paper investigates whether there are different patterns of traditionality in different countries with regard to a perceived negative impact of labor-force participation of mothers on their children and family life. For this purpose, individual-level traditionality subgroups and segments of countries with different traditionality patterns of their nationals were identified simultaneously by means of multilevel latent-class (ML-LC) analysis of the answers to three items of the Changing Family and Gender Roles module of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). This module was fielded in 22 countries in the years 1994 and 2002. Six individual-level subgroups and five country segments can be discerned. The structure of individual-level subgroups is almost identical in both years. Four individual-level subgroups differ only quantitatively in their level of traditionality. Two further subgroups are characterized by a unique tendency to defend working mothers against criticism. From 1994 to 2002 the sizes of traditional subgroups decrease, and there is also some change in the composition of country segments. This paper investigates whether there are different patterns of traditionality in different countries with regard to a perceived negative impact of labor-force participation of mothers on their children and family life. For this purpose, individual-level traditionality subgroups and segments of countries with different traditionality patterns of their nationals were identified simultaneously by means of multilevel latent-class (ML-LC) analysis of the answers to three items of the Changing Family and Gender Roles module of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). This module was fielded in 22 countries in the years 1994 and 2002. Six individual-level subgroups and five country segments can be discerned. The structure of individual-level subgroups is almost identical in both years. Four individual-level subgroups differ only quantitatively in their level of traditionality. Two further subgroups are characterized by a unique tendency to defend working mothers against criticism. From 1994 to 2002 the sizes of traditional subgroups decrease, and there is also some change in the composition of country segments.Este trabajo analiza si existen diferentes patrones de tradicionalismo en los diferentes países sobre la percepción de un impacto negativo de la participación laboral de las madres en sus hijos y en su vida familiar. Para ello se identificaron, de forma simultánea, subgrupos de tradicionalismo a nivel individual y segmentos de países con diferentes patrones de tradicionalismo de sus ciudadanos, a través de un análisis multinivel de clases latentes (ML-LC) de las respuestas a tres preguntas del módulo Familia y Roles de Género del International Social Survey Program (ISSP), que se aplicó en 22 países en los años 1994 y 2002. Se identificaron seis subgrupos de nivel individual y cinco segmentos de países. La estructura de los subgrupos a nivel individual es casi idéntica en ambos años. Cuatro subgrupos a nivel individual difieren solamente de manera cuantitativa en su nivel de tradicionalismo. Dos subgrupos más se caracterizan por una tendencia a defender de la crítica a las madres que trabajan. De 1994 a 2002 el tamaño de los subgrupos tradicionales disminuye, y también se ha producido algún cambio en la composición de los segmentos de países.

This paper presents an analysis of the city’s image constructed in the work of brazilian poet Augusto de Campos, beginning with a poem from 1963, “cidade / city / cité”, and through works from the year 2000 as “sem saída”. Using concepts as “modern city”, “babelic city” and “phalanstery city”, this paper will approach the author’s conception of the relationship between poetry, city and politics, and the way it mutes. Finally, the article will raise critical views of Brazil’s modern image, emerged in the late sixties, and it will be revised De Campos’s intervention in this context.

In this paper, we comparatively investigate Los Días de la Peste (2017), by Edmundo Paz Soldán, and Cadáver Exquisito (2018), by Agustina Bazterrica, from a concept that is still little explored in Latin American literary criticism: post-pessimism. We observe in the works similar perspectives in the narrative framework, such as: the figuration of social problems through dystopian narratives; the constitution of characters between resignation and stoic acceptance of the unfair experienced situations; the representation of different forms of violence as central axes of the novels.

The neighborhoods Downtown and Cidade Alta, in Novo Brazil/PA, in the Amazon, are separated by a slope and by a stigma built in the municipality that considers Cidade Alta a violent place. By means of semi-structured interviews and conversations with the residents of Cidade Alta, in this paper we aim to appreciate the educational and identity aspects of the neighborhood, in a municipality originated by a project of the Brazilian dictatorship that aimed to occupy the Amazon. The residents' memories make it possible to understand the narratives and the social dynamics of the neighborhood, beyond the stereotypes.

This paper analyses the activities of the Bacle lithography in Buenos Aires, and its ambivalent relationship with the governments of Juan Manuel de Rosas. This story is read in the light of two wider phenomena that were affecting the Atlantic world, namely the diffusion of new forms of visual politicisation linked to republicanism and the construction of interconnected and interdependent market economies. The lithography permitted and was sustained by the two aforementioned processes.

Due to colonization and migratory movements, the Portuguese language can be found all over the globe. In Japan, it is mainly spoken by the Brazilian and other Latin American immigrant communities that have been established there since the early 1990s, in most cases, employed as a cheap workforce. Since then, this newly emerged Portuguese variety underwent a process of language change: in the vocabulary and phonology. In this paper, we would like to provide examples and arguments that support the idea that this language variety is a sociolect.

The essay studies Huarcaya's "amazograms" from the category of the sublime. In his attempt to represent greatness, the jungle permeates the paper, altering the classical conventions of photographic art. The images are sublime because they lack precise limits and account for a disruptive force that tries to capture itself as a limit. They are images that both return to the origins of photographic tradition and testify to what is left of nature in the context of a utilitarian rationality that no longer knows an outside.

This paper aims to analyse the participation of Latin America in the League of Nations, by considering Colombia as a case study. Through a historical approach and using diplomatic sources, the purpose of the essay is to find out the orientation of Bogota’s governments about the structure of an organism built to ensure peace, but from the beginning lacerated by the tension between the traditional politics of power and the aspirations for universal cooperation schemes.

In the city of Buenos Aires at the beginning of the 20th century, a police publication entitled Galería de Ladrones Conocidos was released. It compiled a series of photographic portraits and filiation data of suspects and recidivists who frequented police stations. By revealing the relationships and tensions between racial categories and photographs, I will analyze how police classifications configure a dynamic of hyper-embrace visual whiteness. At the same time, the paper presents the idea of mestizo images which makes it possible to dislocate the hegemonic notion of miscegenation conceived as a process of social whitening.

As an anomalous and transgressive novel, Jorge Barón Biza’s The Desert and Its Seed (1998) has become a classic of Argentine literature in recent decades. In this paper we are interested in approaching its reading based on its link with that “Gothic mode” read by critics as a perverse nucleus omnipresent in Rio de la Plata literary tradition. We will focus on two aspects that could be considered cardinal: (a) the uncanny representation of the Italian and (b) the recurring motif in Argentine literature of the decline of old oligarchic families.

The lines, the simplest way to represent borders, take part in the construction of power relations in the Western world, transformed into images and metaphors of poetic and narrative discourse. This paper aims to transcend this conception, starting from the traditional use -in western culture- as marks of the borders to underline its importance in the construction of visual and scriptural narratives, redrawn as symbols in the representations of non-western communities. Through a single case study - the allegory of America as a woman - the paper examines the transformation of this image from the sixteenth century cartography to the foundational national discourse of the nineteenth century.

Resumen: Este artículo ofrece una visión introductoria desde el novedoso campo de investigación de 'Niños nacidos de la guerra'. Se trata de niños y niñas nacidos durante y después de conflictos y guerras habiendo sido su padre miembro del enemigo, fuerzas aliadas o fuerzas de paz y su madre una ciudadana local. A menudo, los niños y niñas nacidos de la guerra son estigmatizados y discriminados en su propio país y sus intereses y derechos particulares eludidos en situaciones de postconflicto. En este artículo se presenta una categorización de los niños nacidos de la guerra y algunos de los resultados del proyecto de investigación realizado sobre niños de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Por último, se explora la situación internacional y judicial de estos niños así como las pautas posibles de ayuda dirigidas a éstos y sus madres.Abstract: This paper gives a short introduction into the rather new research field of 'Children born of war'. These are children who are born during and after conflicts and wars were the father has been a member of an enemy, allied or peacekeeping force and the mother a local citizen. 'Children born of war' are often stigmatised and discriminated in their home country and their particular interest and rights are overlooked in post-conflict situations. This paper presents different categories of children born of war and some results from research projects on children from Second World War are presented. Finally, the international and juridical situation of children born of war are discussed and possible guidelines to assist mothers and children introduced.

This paper presents a study of short films for children and youth that are directed by black Brazilian directors that work with the theme of racism in childhood through the theme of hair. We propose reflections on the rupture of stereotypes from the pretagonismo (black protagonism) in the audiovisual by analyzing counter-hegemonic narratives and characters in the films Ana (Vitória Felipe, 2017), Guri (Adriano Monteiro, 2019) and Fábula de Vó Ita (Joyce Prado and Thalita Oshiro, 2016). The research is based on the concepts of representation and identity, oppositional gaze, coloniality and black Atlantic’s diasporas.

This study analyses the contact between Spanish and Italian in the Italian linguistic landscape (LL) of Buenos Aires, from the most ancient layers (together with their linguistic innovations) to the most recent ones, resulting from a commodification of the Italian culture and identity. The focus is on the gastronomy and catering sector in Avenida Corrientes, as well as the neighbourhoods of San Telmo, Palermo and Retiro. The paper aims at identifying signs of the migration memory embedded and visible in the LL.

The article analyzes in historical perspective the ways in which Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) in Argentina become agents considered efficient for the management of social policy from the 90's. It focuses on the forms of legitimation that referents -NGO directors and senior officials of the socio-assistance field- display in different periods about the legitimacy granted or denied to NGOs to intervene in the socio-assistance field, the ways in which the relationship with the State is configured and the boundaries of a complex, changing, non-linear link are drawn. This paper uses interviews with directors of organizations and state officials; and the analysis of regulations and institutional documents.

This paper describes, from geosemiotics — the study of social meaning in the material location of signs, discourse and actions in the material world —, the documentation of the Chuj and K'anjob’al languages in two border communities of Chiapas (Mexico) for the elaboration of bilingual calendars (2020). Two interaction resources were elicited collaboratively: the sense of time and perceptual spaces. Since both communities are recently created in Mexican territory and have a dispersed location, cultural knowledge and interaction orders have been updated and diversified concerning other communities where these indigenous languages are spoken.

The paper discusses the relation between the democratization of access to public universities and the budget cuts in this sector announced by Bolsonaro’s Government. We conducted a dialogical speech analysis of four posters wielded during the protests against the cuts, focusing on the enunciates regarding the entry and presence of students from lower classes, blacks and indigenous people in higher education. The posters reveal the impact of the admission of the latter, affirm their presence, demand permanence and indicate how the democratization of education is a danger for the current government.

This paper works on two essential novels of Argentinian literature of the 20th Century, Zama by Di Benedetto (1956) and El Entenado (The Witness) by Saer (1983). The approach adopted draws a link between them from several ideas: the subject of language and the difficulties to understand the world; Otherness as an understanding element between two clashing Worlds, either in the “criollo topic” or the European witness of the Indian societies; sexuality as a way to approach the “mestizo” problem and the relationship between Society and Nature; the historical context to understand both stories.