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L’objectiu d’aquest article és estudiar la importància que té l’arxiu com a eina de construcció d’una identitat nacional i si a través de la seva organització es pot veure si la dita construcció nacional ha estat reeixida o no. En aquest sentit, s’agafa l’exemple de l’Arxiu Històric Nacional d’Espanya i s’analitza des de l’organització dels primers arxius en territori espanyol fins a la construcció de l’Arxiu Històric Nacional a finals del segle xix. Mitjançant aquesta anàlisi també es posa en relleu el paper que va tenir la Història en la formació de la identitat nacional i la seva interrelació amb l’arxiu. Una ciència no podria ser sense l’altre.

Writing Studies scholars have raised concerns about framing student struggles to integrate secondary sources as an ethical problem of plagiarism. They propose, instead, framing student citation practices as transitional markers of development in which students use patchwriting to learn the discursive norms and values of academia. Patchwriting as a literacy tool for transfer of knowledge raised questions for me about whether students develop other scaffolds to aid in learning transfer. In this pilot study, I investigate student use of anchor sources, the “perfect source” that frames a student’s central argument, rhetorical structure, and/or purpose. Based on a random sample of a nationwide corpus of First-Year Writing research papers from 16 US institutions, findings show that 21 of 30 research papers (70%) revealed evidence of an anchor source. Six of the 9 papers without anchor sources show evidence of significant rhetorical problems. Results suggest evidence of knowledge transfer, as well as pedagogical implications for supporting this transitional stage in student development.

El present article analitza la relació epistolar entre el doctor Joan Solé i Pla i Josep Subirà Puig, dos familiars que des de Barcelona i Madrid es van comprometre amb l’ajut material i la promoció dels voluntaris espanyols i catalans a les files de la Legió Estrangera francesa durant la Primera Guerra Mundial. A través de la seva correspondència busquem analitzar les projeccions nacionals en disputa dels discursos sobre els voluntaris i comprovar una qüestió escassament treballada: la important cobertura i organització de la propaganda sobre els voluntaris impel·lida per Josep Subirà, qui, malgrat tot, va mantenir amb Solé i Pla una relació estreta marcada per la cordialitat familiar i l’entusiasme per les mútues activitats aliadòfiles.

Reseña

Objectiu: analitzar les enquadernacions artístiques dels impresos del segle xviii recollides en la Base de dades d'enquadernació historicoartística de la Real Biblioteca per localitzar-hi les guardes dutes a terme amb papers decorats, amb la finalitat de classificar-los i descriure'ls segons les propostes de la literatura especialitzada. -- Metodologia: es recuperen els registres de la base de dades pel camp 'Fecha', s'extreu la informació dels camps 'Guardas' i 'Notas', s'analitzen les reproduccions de les guardes, s'identifiquen i es descriuen seguint el model de classificació de papers decorats, prèviament elaborat, inspirat en els treballs del professor Carpallo Bautista, format per cinc tècniques i les seves variants, i finalment s'efectua una anàlisi comparativa. -- Resultats: entre els 382 exemplars amb enquadernacions artístiques dels impresos del segle xviii s'han localitzat i analitzat 10 exemplars que inclouen guardes decorades amb planxes xilogràfiques, 135 papers marbrats o jaspiats amb bany (amb dissenys corresponents a 7 variants), 4 exemplars de papers encolats amb engrut, 3 exemplars de papers esquitxats, 18 exemplars amb papers daurats i gofrats, i 4 exemplars d'altres tipus (paper argentat, paper de percalina). Objective: to analyse the artistic bindings of the eighteenth-century prints stored in the Historical-artistic Binding Database of the Royal Library, in order to locate the endpapers made with decorated papers, and to classify and describe them according to the proposals of the specialist literature. -- Methodology: The records from the database were retrieved using the 'date' field, and the information is extracted from the 'endpapers' and 'notes' fields. The reproductions of the endpapers were analysed, identified and described following the classification model of decorated papers inspired by the works of Professor Carpallo Bautista, consisting of five techniques and their variants. Finally, a comparative analysis was carried out. -- Results: Among the 382 eighteenth-century prints with artistic bindings, ten were located and analysed that include endpapers decorated with xylographic plates, 135 with marbled or mottled papers (with designs corresponding to seven variants), four with paste-glued papers, three with dotted papers, 18 with gold and embossed papers, and four of other kinds such as silver or percaline paper.

Este artigo aborda o futuro do trabalho como fenômeno comu-nicacional, por meio de sua análise como construção discursiva. Elegemos como objeto dois relatórios, dois documentos prospectivos: um assinado pelo World Economic Forum — talvez o maior porta-voz do capitalismo global — e outro da corporação Dell Technologies, expoente da economia digital mundial. Buscamos identificar de que forma esses discursos sobre o futuro do trabalho mobilizam códigos hegemônicos do neoliberalismo, compreendido como lógica social. Essa lógica pressupõe a produção de sujeitos, por meio de competências, perfis, como capital humano a ser gerido com eficácia. A metodologia é baseada na noção de discurso social de Angenot — que propõe a análise do espírito do tempo em sua disseminação nos discursos de dado contexto histórico e social.

The regular school and the special school, despite having diferents work proposals, have a common purpose, to educate and empower the autonomy and the adaptive capacity of the individuals. This study has a general objective to identify the perception of autonomy and support intensity for parents and teachers of children with intellectual disabilities. The research had a transversal approach with explanatory, descriptive and qualitative character. Five children were studied had ages between seven and ten years and a diagnosis of intellectual disability. Data collection was done with four teachers and four mothers related to the same child, so the research had the participation of 8 individuals. The results demonstrate perceptions of a greater intensity of support reported by those responsible for the children who are the target of the research when compared to the teachers, as well as the view they have about autonomy that is not in accordance with the literature (Silva, 2008) and the perception about the tutor’s duties are not in accordance with the Brazilian Inclusion Law. It is possible to understand the importance of teacher training for diversity so that they feel more secure in the face of the new paradigms of inclusive education. It seeks to understand the necessary supports for each child specifically, so that it is possible to draw strategies more effective than the paraprofessional

En aquest article es presenten les activitats i experiències impulsades des de la Cartoteca de Catalunya amb l'objectiu de visibilitzar i reconèixer els treballs de les dones en un camp tradicionalment amb una gran presència d'homes, com són les ciències de la terra. Les dues activitats principals se centren en la celebració d'exposicions per donar difusió al fons propi de la Cartoteca, i a intentar desenvolupar col·leccions més equilibrades des del punt de vista de gènere. This article describes the activities designed by the Map Library of Catalonia to draw attention to the contributions of women to Earth sciences, a field traditionally dominated by men. The Library’s two main lines of action are the organization of exhibitions to bring its holdings to a wider public, and its project to develop more gender-balanced collections.

Objectiu: reflexionar sobre els rols del professor com a recomanador i prescriptor de lectures i sobre el lloc que ocupa cadascuna d'aquestes funcions en l'educació literària de l'alumnat. -- Metodologia: revisió bibliogràfica en el camp de la didàctica de la llengua i de la literatura i presentació de certes situacions escolars de lectura que exemplifiquen els supòsits des dels quals es pensa el rol docent. -- Resultats: un dels avenços més grans que s'han produït en els darrers anys en la didàctica de la llengua i de la literatura es vincula amb la definició progressiva de les funcions docents i dels objectius educatius relacionats amb els processos de formació del lector literari en el context escolar. En aquest marc cal renovar els processos de formació del professorat per tal d'assegurar la construcció del cànon formatiu que requereix la pràctica professional del mediador escolar de lectures. Objective: This article reflects on what teachers do when they recommend and prescribe works of literature to their students. It also examines how recommendation and prescription are important in children’s literary education. -- Methodology: The article reviews the research on language and literature education and examines particular classroom scenarios that explain why teachers choose certain roles over other when they recommend and prescribe works of literature. -- Results: In recent years, the most important progress in language and literature education has been tied to redefining teachers’ roles and the objectives of education as these relate to children’s acquisition of literary reading skills. In this context, teacher education programmes need to be revised in order to equip teachers with a literary canon that helps them address their task effectively.

Este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos a través del uso de herramientas informáticas (Provalis Research), también conocidas como CAQDAS (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software), para el análisis de los escritos de Peirce, las bases estadísticas de una cronología para su último periodo intelectual y la justificación de una posible periodización del Pragmaticismo, además de la descripción de ciertos descubrimientos realizados en nuestro trabajo de archivo sobre los documentos y manuscritos originales de Peirce. Este trabajo es una parte de nuestra investigación en la Universidad de Quebec en Montreal (UQAM) y la Biblioteca Houghton de la Universidad de Harvard.

En el setanta-cinquè aniversari de la mort d'Eduard Toda, que va ser diplomàtic, egiptòleg, escriptor i historiador, que va redescobrir i divulgar l'alguerès, que va reconstruir i restaurar Escornalbou i Poblet, que va compilar bibliografies i va ser un bibliòfil i un mecenes exemplar, s'analitza en primer lloc aquest darrer aspecte de la seva activitat que va contribuir a enriquir les biblioteques i els arxius del país. A continuació es presenta la seva relació amb l'Escola de Bibliotecàries que es va iniciar gràcies al lligam que havia establert amb la Biblioteca de Catalunya amb les seves generoses donacions de materials bibliogràfics. A partir de la documentació conservada a l'arxiu de l'antiga Escola de Bibliotecàries, es mostren les distintes facetes d'aquella relació: les excursions a Escornalbou que es complementen amb tot un recorregut cultural, les estades de les alumnes a Poblet on col·laboren en l'organització de la biblioteca pobletana, la introducció de les classes de restauració en el pla d'estudis de la carrera, la posada en marxa d'un laboratori de restauració que, per moltes dècades, compartiran l'Escola i la Biblioteca de Catalunya, etc. Certament, els vincles de Toda amb l'Escola es van caracteritzar per un afecte mutu i algunes de les activitats que va promoure amb les alumnes van contribuir a donar a l'Escola aquell toc d' Diplomat, Egyptologist, writer and historian, Eduard Toda is remembered as the man who rescued the Algherese dialect of Catalan from oblivion and who helped rebuild the monastery libraries of Escornalbou and Poblet. On the occasion of the seventy-fifth anniversary of his death, this paper reviews Toda’s book collecting activities, his general love of books and his outstanding work as a benefactor of libraries, which together contributed to enriching our country’s book heritage. The paper then turns to Toda’s relationship with the school for librarians the Escola de Bibliotecàries, which was founded thanks to his donation of a number of book collections to the Library of Catalonia. As recorded in the archives of the old Escola, this relationship was based on a number of different activities: Toda’s trips to Escornalbou, which also provided an opportunity for cultural study; his organization of periods of residence for student librarians at Poblet to help rebuild the monastery’s library; his creation of classes in book restoration in degree courses in librarianship; and the creation of a workshop for restoring library materials, which for many decades helped to link the Escola and the Library of Catalonia. Finally, as the article shows, Toda’s ties with the Escola de Bibliotecàries were reinforced by the mutual affection existing between him and the school as well as by the activities he organized with its students, which gave the school its singular nature as a place of study during the 1930s.

L’article planteja una breu aproximació al paper que va tenir el periodista Mateo Santos, director del setmanari cinematogràfic Popular Film (Barcelona, 1926-1937), entorn del qual es constituiria a Barcelona durant els anys de la II República un «grup d’afinitat» caracteritzat per l’afició al cinematògraf i per la militància llibertària dels seus joves integrants.

Aquest estudi analitza el paper molt important, però fins ara generalment sense reconèixer, de la comunitat catalana de Montevideo en el desenvolupament econòmic, social i institucional de l’Uruguai durant el període colonial (1724-1808) i també la primera fase (1808-1814) de les lluites entre criolls i peninsulars per al control dels territoris confrontats al Riu de la Plata.

L'objectiu d'aquest treball és abordar la didàctica de la prosòdia des de dos punts de vista: en primer lloc, una perspectiva històrica i teòrica que examina el paper i tractament de la competència prosòdica; i, en segon lloc, les implicacions didàctiques i el desenvolupament d'aquesta competència a través del joc, tenint en compte a l'alumnat de l'aula d'Educació Infantil i d'Educació Primària.

This position paper attempts to ground the discussion on improving the quality of teaching in the context of Higher Education (HE) in order to take concrete directions toward what in the scientific literature is identified as a culture of quality in education. This concept implies an approach to continuing monitoring, reflection and change toward innovation through main stakeholders’ engagement. The paper will hence briefly introduce the policy context and research background at international and national level, in order to analyze the opportunities of implementing a culture of quality regarding teaching at the University of Trento. Furthermore, it will make a number of recommendations for the concrete implementation of the approach. The document is hence divided into the following parts: A first part, introducing the policy context regarding agenda for the modernization of HE in Europe and at international level. In this context, the issue of quality teaching is focused as key element towards better quality of Higher Education. A second part, regarding the importance and forms of innovation in pedagogical approaches in HIgher Education, as well as the conditions of professional development in academic staff regarding better teaching. A third part, consisting on the research carried out by our research unit within the University of Trento, regarding the issue of quality in Higher Education. A fourth part is devoted to introduce recommendations for the implementation of concrete measures and interventions at institutional level.

En primer término, se aborda la relación asimétrica de humanidades y ciencias en las instituciones contemporáneas de conocimiento sugiriendo la inconveniencia de acentuar la diferencia entre unas y otras, en la medida en que ambos órdenes epistémicos están sometidos hoy a los mismos condicionamientos estructurales. El efecto que estos tienen sobre las humanidades es analizado a través de dos aspectos críticos. En segundo término, se discute la significación epistémica de la ocurrencia como principio común de ciencias y humanidades apelando a la obra de Georg Christoph Lichtenberg a manera de caso ejemplar. En esta, experimentalismo y ensayo, singularidades, ficción y variación dan cuenta de un mismo brote epistémico en humanidades (y literatura) y ciencias.

A lo largo del presente trabajo se analiza el desarrollo de la diplomacia regia y la contribución de algunos eclesiásticos, a lo largo de los siglos XIV y XV, en Castilla. A través del análisis de la aparición y desarrollo de algunos oficios de la corte con especial relevancia para la diplomacia, así como del análisis de algunos casos un tanto especiales de eclesiásticos al servicio regio en embajadas, se ofrecen algunas respuestas y otras preguntas para la futura investigación del funcionamiento y organización de la diplomacia castellana.

The ‘leitmotif’ of the compact city has become a widely embraced template for sustainable urban development. Particularly infill and redevelopment areas, as well as many planned new settlements, have been built following the planning principles of urban compaction. Numerous positive effects are attributed to high-density settlements such as more efficient use of infrastructure and less reliance on automobile travel. Planning law and policies, in Germany as well as other countries around the world, regularly strive to advance high-density developments, but it is by no means clear whether the prescribed densities in planning policies actually lead to vibrant and healthy places which fulfill the expectations of their inhabitants with regards to their quality of life. The study aims to analyze the relation between binding land-use plans in Germany and individual perceptions of urban density through a case study-based survey. This paper contributes to providing new information on achieving compact urban form and quality of life in new urban quarters by analyzing the change of densities over the past three decades in ‘large’ urban developments across Germany, by an in-depth assessment of planned and built densities within an archetypal urban extension and finally by contrasting these ‘objective’ figures and findings with the ‘subjective’ feelings of inhabitants. For sources of information, this paper draws from literature, surveys and empirical analyses as well as desktop-studies.

Technologies and digital tools such as laser scanning and photogrammetry are nowadays widely used in the field of architectural heritage survey, being able of producing 3D models characterized by high metric and morphological accuracy. These databases are becoming essential also for the development of more effective interventions on heritage buildings. Despite the advancement of increasingly automated analytical procedures, the management and analysis of point cloud models can still be quite time-consuming and complex, depending on specific assessments to be carried out. In the direction of optimizing these processing steps, several research is being carried out by applying Artificial Intelligence processes to make predictions based on sample data.The aim of the paper is to analyse point clouds processing focusing on geometric and radiometric features for diagnostic analysis. A specific focus aims at analysing possible in-depth uses of the intensity value as a benchmark for historical surfaces assessment, toward an optimized models’ interpretation and classification of the 3D data points, integrating data and information from different sensors.Point clouds under analysis have been carried out by different acquisition techniques; this provides an interesting opportunity to compare the results in terms of intensity value produced by different sensors. The paper will analyse the State of the Art, also illustrating a set of outcomes obtained by the authors, deepening two specific case studies, in order to outline not only the main background and shortcomings in managing complex database, but also possible innovations pointing out new research questions.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.32.2024.8

This paper discusses the 17th-century Latin translation of Proclus’ Commentary on the First Book of Euclid’s Elements, preserved in Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, MS 9871, produced by the Spaniard Vicente Mariner. The author examines the historical context, sources, and motivations behind Mariner’s translation, his intellectual profile, and the potential reasons for translating a mathematical text given his background in literature. Via a comparison of Mariner’s text with the original Greek, this paper delves into Mariner’s translation choices and linguistic nuances to highlight the challenges he faced while translating it. Transcriptions of the collated passage both from Grynaeus’ 1533 editio princeps of Proclus’ text and Mariner’s manuscript are provided in the Appendix. Overall, this paper attempts to shed light on Mariner’s contribution to the Latin reception of Proclus’ work in the early modern period.

This paper explores the prosaic deductive style developed by Melissus and Zeno. It first emphasizes the authors’ use of a systematic and reduced vocabulary solely dedicated to a priori deduction. In a second time, the paper delves into the systematic role of reductio ad absurdum in their reasoning and distinguishes several kinds of reductio employed by the authors. Through this analysis, the study shows how Melissus and Zeno not only developed and systematized certain aspects of Parmenides’ style but also introduced original features that significantly influenced the philosophical writing style.

Abstract The paper draws on the notion of State though as critically discussed by Sayad and on related concepts (nationalism at a distance, integration) to analyse how the State naturalises the division between nationals and non-nationals, building unequal social hierarchies between immigrants and natives that affect the construction of the (social and individual) identities of the migrants themselves. The paper starts with a historical contextualisation of the relations between Tunisia and Italy. First, we show how the opposite migrations that have crossed the Mediterranean have been embedded in unequal racial and symbolic hierarchies characterising Italy and Tunisia, Europe and Africa. Then, we further delve into this dynamic by exploring the identity constructions of Tunisian migrants in Italy, which are sensitive to the demands of the country of immigration (seeking to maintain a given social hierarchy within its borders) and those of the country of emigration (striving to remain connected to its emigrants to extract maximum profit from them).

Representation based on the visualization of reality, acquired through active and passive sensors, has allowed a rethinking of the traditional cognitive and communicative process. The Vitruvian approach has been replaced by the discrete visualization of large number of point-images. Image- or range-based coordinates allow to overcome the limitations of the drawing or photographic image, configuring a 3D model that can be explored in any direction and detail, even remotely. Automatic and semi-automatic procedures manage the information to be conveyed to the numerical control of the models.Many scientific papers deal with the certified reliability of the data or the optimization of the models; several papers discuss the development of programmed instructions to automate the “intelligent” recognition of components in Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM) workflows. However, few discussions focus on the heuristic value of using time-saving procedures. The phases of acquisition, processing, critical synthesis, and communication of results are now included in a single workflow centered on the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to capture and transfer the archived information framework. This unified process has affected research and teaching methods, as well as the way in which information is disseminated and citizens are involved, in order to obtain the approval and thus the resources needed for the political management of heritage.Starting from these considerations, it seemed appropriate to recontextualize a process that is not limited to the improvement of fast and simplified operations, as an alternative to calculations congruent with the purpose of the project or survey. Indeed, the call for this issue was intended to propose and encourage a broader reflection of current research trends and to stimulate discussion on the limits and potentials of advanced automation processes in relation to the comparison of established and innovative practices.The awareness gained from digital language shows the widespread reconsideration of geometric logic. A trend that can be clearly seen in the papers dealing with the digital representation of complex vaulted systems or design solutions based on the reinterpretation of the Vitruvian concept of scenography. Less obvious, but no less diriment for this reason, are the geometric considerations that support quad-dominant remeshing or retopology solutions, according to the lexicon of computer graphics.Refined geometric solutions to improve analysis and details applicable to “reliable copies” of the virtually reconstructed object to control the change of state in the physical duplicate can also be observed in reverse modeling techniques.In parallel, the evolution of digital language with services provided by the network enhances the physical experience, improving it with the help of virtual content to guide meaningful experiences. In this dual perspective, the title of the volume alludes to the path, cyclical and interactive, that unites, without confusing, the construction of image- and range-based, in order to use them as spaces of collaboration suitable for the active dissemination of knowledge.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.32.2024.ed

The 14th-century Dominican theologian and philosopher Durand of Saint-Pourçain was among the intellectuals who took part in the medieval debate on virginity, especially on the relationship between virginity and marriage. This paper discusses a question of his Sentences Commentary (Super Sent., II, d. 20, q. 2), in which Durand poses the question of “whether or not there would have been a loss of virginity in marriage” (utrum in actu matrimoniali fuisset amissio virginitatis) both in statu innocentiae and in statu post peccatum. This paper shows how Durand’s solution to the problem is in opposition to Augustine’s and Thomas Aquinas’s views, based on formal and material aspects of virginity.

This paper offers some further support to Federico Picinali’s argument, in «Evidential Reasoning, Testimonial Injustice and the Fairness of the Criminal Trial», that a trial is unfair when assessments of relevance and probative value includes an epistemic injustice, namely a testimonial injustice. It has been argued that there are barriers to establishing testimonial injustice in specific cases, such as the ones Picinali surveys. This paper argues that even if we accept that there are concerns about establishing the occurrence of a testimonial injustice in the cases Picinali identifies, we can reformulate the epistemic injustice that renders the trial unfair as a contributory injustice. Reformulating the epistemic injustice as a contributory injustice evades the concerns we might have with establishing testimonial injustice allowing Picinali’s broad argument that a trial is unfair when an assessment of evidence includes an epistemic injustice—contributory or testimonial—to remain intact. This reformulation also offers new propositions on how to combat epistemic injustice.

This paper offers a critical race theory perspective on the testimonial injustice experienced by racially minoritized criminal defendants in evidential practice. It builds off Federico Picinali’s paper, inter alia, substantiating how minoritized criminal defendants experience testimonial harm through credibility deficit, by exploring epistemic injustice to the same when prosecutorial witnesses receive identity-based credibility excess. It argues that in an adversarial criminal legal system, the testimonial injustice of credibility excess afforded racial in-group prosecutorial witnesses should be considered in tandem with the testimonial injustice of credibility deficit imposed on racial out-group defendants. Only then can the epistemic harm and resultant unfairness at trial for defendants be fully assessed. The paper advocates for expanding the definition of testimonial injustice to encompass the epistemic wrong of socially biased credibility excess and “transferred epistemic harm.” In instances of transferred epistemic harm, the harm inflicted by an epistemic wrong impacts the speaker’s interlocutor rather (or more) than the speaker themselves.

Reflecting on Federico Picinali’s arguments in «Evidential Reasoning, Testimonial Injustice and the Fairness of the Criminal Trial», this paper aims to further understanding of the scope and implications of epistemic injustice in criminal trials, and the problem of biased evidential reasoning more generally. It demonstrates how legal rules can result in dismissal or oversight of the defendant’s stock of knowledge; offers support for Picinali’s contention that testimonial injustice to defendants interferes with the right to a fair trial, while questioning whether the same can be said of testimonial injustice to complainants; and considers who can cause, and be a victim of, testimonial injustice. The paper goes on to evaluate Picinali’s proposed measures to prevent testimonial injustice in evidential reasoning, while advocating for law reform to restrict the admissibility of rap music as evidence in criminal trials.

This paper provides a comprehensive review of evidence-based behavioural strategies for the successful inclusion of children with autism in general education environments. The authors emphasize the importance of creating a truly inclusive learning environment and implementing behavioural research-based strategies to support the effective inclusion of children with autism. The review includes behavioural strategies such as behavioural assessment and approaches, review and practice, direct instruction, formative assessment and feedback, and school-wide positive behaviour support. The paper is one of a series of papers reviewing inclusive strategies for children with Autism.

This paper presents a new, digital, and interactive list of wounds, deaths, and other acts of aggression in the Iliad. After an introduction, it discusses the state of the art in quantitative approaches to the subject. The following section presents the methodology for compiling the data, briefly establishing the criteria for the distribution of instances in each category. In the discussion, I compare the results with previous similar projects and mention a few examples of the potentiality of the new list – to be published online, not included in the paper –, showing the advantages of the digital format.

Digital surveying and rapid prototyping techniques are important tools to support processes related to cultural and architectural heritage. Digital surveying can be used to document, analyse, and enjoy the built heritage thanks to point clouds and detailed digital models resulting from the processing of data acquired during field activities. 3D printing, on the other hand, enables the creation of realistic physical replicas of heritage artefacts that can support activities related to analysis, documentation, conservation, valorisation and enjoyment. The use and combination of these techniques to architectural and cultural heritage have brought benefits and advantages since digital and physical replicas can be used in the processes of documenting, analysing, preserving and enhancing historical artefacts by promoting their accessibility on multiple levels.The paper discusses the results of research aimed at defining and testing an effective workflow for the development of physical models suitable for the analysis, documentation and communication of architectural heritage. The experimentation was performed considering as a case study a peculiar element of architecture, a historical portal. The paper illustrates the technical challenges faced starting from the photogrammetric survey to the digital reconstruction of the analysed artefact for 3D printing, with a focus on the printing parameter settings used to produce physical replicas with high-quality, but different resolutions and scales, to be used for several purposes, such as analysis and documentation and education and communication.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.31.2023.18

Although Anglicisms1 have been the subject of research for quite some time now, their definition in the literature sometimes tends to be somewhat inexplicit, and there are points of disagreement, especially regarding their classification and the distinction between their types. This paper advocates a uniform, consistent approach to defining loans (Anglicisms) and their typology in terms of an interplay between three criterial features which are transferred in, and thereby constitute, (lexical) borrowing: concept, model, and form. Their combination results in seven feature patterns or loan types (both mono- and bilingual), which the paper correlates and compares with standard categories of Anglicisms found in the literature and illustrates using examples from Czech

The paper examines the guidelines dedicated to Italian teaching and, above all, to the ideal thematic, language and stylistic features of school reading books in the programmes for primary school and in the related instructions for teachers issued by the Ministry of Education from 1860 to 1905: a decisive period for the arrangement of the Italian school system, the literacy processes and the spread of the national language. It can be seen how these official documents significantly shaped the writing of school books. The paper also explores the complex relationship between the institutional attempts to regulate textbook production, as evidenced by relevant ministerial documentation parallel to the programmes, and the rich publishing activity in this field. To complete the overview of the dialectic between school-educational publishing and the regulatory will of the Ministry and of the boards connected to it, responsible for the evaluation of textbooks, the witnesses of two prominent school female authors of the 2nd half of the 19th century are commented on: Ida Baccini and Felicita Morandi.

This paper introduces a discussion on the visualization tools for digital replicas of objects belonging to the domains of historic architecture, archaeology, and art museum institutions. Covering a range of artifacts, from ancient drawings to manuscripts, to paintings, to objects in museums’ collections, the discussion spans from levels of iconicity related to 3D models to their presentation and visualization media. Authors introduce some established experiences, inferred from real case studies showcased during real exhibitions, to show how digital artifacts can replicate existing objects for specific purposes, with high levels of iconicity. The paper traces approaches in 3D model visualization, utilizing technologies such as Real-Time Rendering (RTR) and Virtual Reality frameworks. After a methodical acquisition of artworks to be replicated, the digital models are targeted to various stakeholders with interests in historical and artistic research, curation of museum exhibition, art restoration, or simple tourism visits. The way through which the artwork can be visualized, presenting different features each time, depends on their needs, from guided navigation of 3D models on laptop screens accompanied by explanatory texts, to free visualization through gestures on interactive high-definition touch screens. By employing high-resolution replicas mapped with gigapixel textures, even the minutest details can be observed. This approach virtually places the artwork in the hands of the users, allowing them to appreciate its characteristics at a very high level of iconicity, also enhancing the narrative potential of digital replicas in museum exhibitions.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.32.2024.1

This article enters into the scholarly discourse surrounding transnationality and its legal manifestations, specifically aligning itself with the discussion of transjudicialism within the context of a global legal community. The paper argues that contemporary transjudicialism extends beyond the simplistic dialogue between courts, emerging as a pivotal instrument consolidating Transnational Law. The exposition of this argument is buttressed by an inductive methodological approach, employing techniques of reference, category, operational concepts, and bibliographic research. The paper concludes by illustrating the formation of an already consolidated global legal order, primarily driven by the evolution of transjudicialism, further emphasizing the need for the extension of current legal models.

The post-digital era is characterised by the vast presence of platforms that impose their digital affordances and algorithmic control on our behaviour. This environment is challenging education and training, with implications for digital and transmedial literacy. Investigating instructional methodologies is crucial to fostering critical comprehension of such novel informational environments. Argument maps (AMs), which were first created and evaluated in static information contexts (analogical/old web), could be useful in the emergence of dynamic (post-digital) textual forms. The current paper describes a comprehensive literature review based on the above assumptions. We looked into state-of-the-art research on using AMs to handle dynamic information. We found 150 papers using a PRISMA procedure and then examined 19 of them. Our review produced pertinent data about the current state of AMs, including the types of texts on which they are used and the tools (especially digital and artificial intelligence [AI]-based) that have been employed. Our research lays the groundwork for teaching the literacies needed in new informational settings, such as multimodal, dynamic, algorithmic and data-driven contexts, with a specific focus on AMs as effective mediational tools.

This paper discusses the territorial reform in Portuguese parishes in 2013 following the bailout from the International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank and the European Commission (Troika). The purpose of this paper is (i) to frame the reform of the parishes in Portugal in the trends of reorganization at the local level in European countries in recent decades; (ii) to situate the aggregation at the national scale, integrating it in the Reform of Local Administration of the XIX Government (2011-2015); (iii) to analyze, from the Algarve, the changes in the exercise of its powers, in the provision of services to the population and in the relationship with the municipality; (iv) to discuss the results achieved.The methodology is based on the literature review on local territorial reforms in European countries, on the critical reading of the national process, and the empirical approach is based on the perspective of the elected representatives, based on semi-structured interviews with all the mayors of the aggregated parish councils in the Algarve.The top-down aggregation process applied in the country triggered in the region a reaction of sharing and collaboration between parishes, reducing tensions and fractures between communities (but, in other situations, exposing old divisions or fractures). The new map is assimilated, but criticism remains and two reversals have already occurred.

ABSTRACT Typical resultative constructions in English are unavailable in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and in Romance. This fact has been attributed by previous studies to different event-framings, following the Talmian view. English would illustrate the satellite-framing pattern, whereas Romance would illustrate the verb-framing pattern. Literature in BP has mainly focused on describing properties of different sentences similar to resultatives of the English type. A large part of the debate has been devoted to answering whether these can be classified as true resultatives. Much less attention has been dedicated to a proper description of the framing patterns in BP. This paper fills in this gap and, by doing so, argues that BP admits both framing patterns. The v-framing pattern is highly productive, exemplified by numerous complex parasynthetic verbs that entail a result. The s-framing pattern is marginal, illustrated by a small sample of modified resultatives and verb-particle constructions. This paper supports the framing analysis, but recasts its merits in light of new connections established among (apparent) resultatives in BP.

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the benefits of information and communications technology (ICT) in the contextual target situation analysis at a distance to design online critical English for academic purposes (CEAP) courses. A contextual investigation of the publishing process of high-impact journals in computer science is presented, which is aimed at identifying issues that might influence the publication of Brazilian researchers’ papers. The beliefs and experiences of Brazilian authors in the aforementioned process were analyzed through electronic questionnaires and remote interviews. Moreover, research articles’ reviews were studied to identify the community´s criteria for accepting or rejecting papers. Via ICT, a wider contextual analysis was possible with participants located in different parts of the world. Results provided relevant information about researching and publishing in the field, which may substantiate the design of tasks aimed at improving students’ critical academic literacy. For developing continental countries such as Brazil, saving time and resources through ICT in CEAP courses’ design means the possibility of investing in a more relevant instruction, which better attends to students’ contextual needs and wants.

The present paper focuses on the travel notes by Michel Vieuchange (1904-1930), a young Frenchman who decided to reach Smara, a holy Muslim city located in the middle of the desert, to describe it, and to draw a map. His notes are to be analysed through the prism of autobiogeography. The term used by Michel Collot means telling your life through the places that has affected you. In the case of Vieuchange’s notes the geographical descriptions intervene with the description of the personality of the traveler and form a whole. The paper shows that three cities, Tiznit, Tigilit and Smara, mark three stages of the travel and correspond to different aspects of Vieuchange’s personality.

Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry has become in the last years one of the most used methodologies for three-dimensional recording in many scientific fields thanks to its great precision, low cost and speed. The aim of this paper is to present a workflow methodology to obtain precise results for the graphical documentation of an archaeological site with complex structures (Rouco & Benavides, 2023)The improvement of photogrammetric hardware and software has provided us with a tool of great value for archaeological research and survey. SfM photogrammetry has been widely applied to cultural heritage studies in a variety of ways, such as digitizing historical buildings, archaeological sites and artefacts. Improvement in UAV-mounted camera technology and calibration methods of non-metric cameras have expanded the use of photogrammetric modelling to non-professional and semi-professional users (Westoby et al. 2012). Although the potential of SfM photogrammetry allows obtaining 3D models with a very good graphic appearance using almost any type of camera, these models need certain calibration and adjustment processes in order to achieve enough precision for professional use.This paper focuses on discussing some important data capture workflow recommendations, as well as the new processing workflows implemented in Agisoft Metashape version 2.0, which improve 3D digital reconstruction and graphical documentation to make it complete and precise.The Herrera Roman Baths site offers an excellent opportunity to explore the complex casuistry in the record of cultural heritage due to the complexity in the registration of the structures and the high degree of precision and graphic resolution that the project required for the tasks of restoration of decorative elements. The existence of a roof structure that protects them has forced us to carry out a manual flight with a UAV at a very low altitude (4m), and to develop different modeling strategies to guarantee metric precision and a high level of detail.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.30.2023.2

This paper is made in continuation of the article of Fabrice Marsac, Witold Ucherek and Magdalena Dańko “De l’infinitive de perception dans la pratique traductologique” (Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 46/1, 2019); both papers fall within the framework of the bilateral Polonium program “On the translation of French perception structures into Polish” (n° PPN/BIL/2018/1/00181), implemented and financed by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA), the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (MEAE) and the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (MESRI). In the present case, we intend to report on the content and progress of the part “multi-dimensional labelling” of this long-term French-Polish project. Therefore, we describe the formal encoding of structures, categories and functions of the items in the large multi-label corpus (French-Polish) we have been collecting since 2019.

This paper arises from the subject Errors in Spanish as a Foreign Language, taught in the Master of Teaching Spanish at Masaryk University of Brno, Czech Republic. Its main objective is to show how the analysis of lexical errors can be used as a tool in the training of non‑native teachers of Spanish, in this case, Czech and Slovak. To achieve this goal, firstly, the paper presents a brief review of the trends that have investigated errors in foreign language learning, such as contrastive analysis, error analysis and interlanguage studies. Secondly, it analyzes a corpus of texts written by learners of Spanish according to the error analysis methodology (Corder, 1967), as an activity for the Master students. Thirdly, it shows a typological classification of different lexical errors found in the texts and it reflects on the possible connection between mistakes and teaching methodology. Based on the results of the analysis, the paper discusses the usefulness of the analysis of these errors not only for the training of non‑native teachers of Spanish as a foreign language, but also for a better understanding of vocabulary teaching.

The paper is concerned with some aspects of politeness in the request act by the pragmatic connotations of syntactic structures in Hindi and Persian. Considering the role of politeness as an explanation for the deviation from the Grice’s cooperative principle, the main question of the paper is whether Leech’s maxims of politeness operate on the syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations and whether there is any hierarchy in their manner of application. To answer the abovementioned question the main hypothesis of the research posits that Leech’s maxims of politeness have a structure of hierarchy in both Persian and Hindi. Considering the Pandharipandes' (1979) hierarchy of the degree of politeness proposed for Hindi, this paper aims to develop a similar hierarchy of the degree of politeness for Persian and to analyze the Leech’s maxims operating in the respective hierarchies of politeness. The general theoretical framework adopted for the present study is based on Lakoff (1972), and Leech (1980). Whereas the findings of this research indicate a hierarchy in Hindi and Persian at the syntagmatic planewith regard to their respective Leech’s maxims,no such hierarchyis detectable for paradigmatic relationwhichholds good for all types of social situations.

This paper provides an account of the evolution of the notion of comparatio in the main dialectical works of Valla, Agricola, and Vives. It highlights the elements of continuity and discontinuity and sheds light on the original contributions of Vives’s treatment. In Valla, Agricola and Vives, the notion of comparatio characterizes: a) the locus of the relation to another in the inventio method; b) the cognitive act through which one can grasp the relationships of similarity and difference between concepts; c) the epistemic method for weighing the degree of plausibility of probable arguments. The paper also shows how Vives enhances the role of comparatio within dialectical art. Firstly, he attributes a pre-eminent position to the locus of the comparatio by virtue of the transversality of its application to all the other loci. Secondly, he identifies the explanation of the key concept of syllogism in the act of compering two sentences with a third. Finally, he finds the essence of the disputatio in the method of comparing equally probable contradictory arguments. This can rightly be considered an innovative element of the Vivesian dialectical treatment with respect to the most advanced European humanist movement of the first decades of the sixteenth century.

This paper analyzes Paul of Venice’s theory of measurement of natural properties and changes. The main sections of the paper correspond to Paul’s analysis of the three types of accidental changes (local motion: section II; augmentation: section III; alteration and qualities: section IV), for which the Augustinian philosopher sought to provide rules of measurement. It appears that Paul achieved an original synthesis borrowing from both Parisian (Albert of Saxony in particular) and Oxfordian sources (especially Richard Swineshead). It is also argued that, on top of this theoretical synthesis, Paul managed to elaborate a quite original theory of intensive properties that marks him out not only from the nominalist framework of his Parisian sources but also from the usual realist treatments of the problem. Finally, it is shown that, to a certain extent, Paul undertook to apply the mathematical and logical tools inherited from the Calculatores tradition to empirical problems of natural philosophy, leading to reevaluate his role in the evolution of scientific thought in early 15th-century Italy (section V).