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In this research the contribution of different factors resulting in the delay of publication of papers from submitting through publication process was studied. Due to the fact that publication delay might happen in different phases in other majors and fields so we have compared and studied this phenomenon in seven sciences and social sciences disciplines. We have examined 11,598 papers which have been published in 102 journals in 2009. The results showed that maximum and minimum time period in three stages belonged to received-revised which lasts eight months and the revised-accepted which lasted one month. Time periods in reviewing papers were different for different subject areas and only few percentages of journals had relatively low publication delay. The findings indicated that 56 % of chemistry papers, 57% of biology papers, 47% of surgery papers, 72% of papers in computer, 89% of economy papers, 96% of management papers and 71% of papers in library and information science have been published in more than six months. Finally and due to the delay efficacy as an efficacious indicator in increasing and decreasing of journals impact factors, can be said that these figures can be an alarm for journals officials in order to decreasing these delays and increasing their journals impact factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The community assessment is the basis of strategic policies for health professionals and managers. The aim of community assessment is collection of the data that relating to public health problems, data analysis and concludes about necessary capacities for providing the necessary resources to resolve problems. Materials and Methods: In this study the databases of Scientific Information Database, MagIran, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and IranMedex were searched up to April 2014 (farvardin1393). All papers of community assessment in the country according to our standard community assessment model were included in this study. Results: Overall 11 studies were evaluated and the common feature of all research is to identify problems of society and local problems. The drug addiction was classified in 3 of the studies as a main problem and in 7 of studies was classified in the ten major problems. Poverty and unemployment are allocated to the next priority, the second priority in 2 studies, the third priority in 3 studies and the fourth priority in 3 studies. Environmental health problems and sociocultural problems were the next priorities. Conclusion: The proposed model can be used to suggest new health services with due consideration of community problems, as well as develop suitable, effective intervention strategies. This type of community study should not be conducted only once. Rather, it should be repeated periodically in any community, results compared and used for policy-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the researchers noted that CHARBAGH is the most important pattern of Persian garden and it is an "Archetype". In other side we have CHAHARBAGH which is formed by two perpendicular axes in garden and divide it into four square shape parts. This paper aims to challenge "Chahar-Bagh" Or "Charbagh" ,which is correct? So, that is the main question. In order to find the answer, with a deductive approach, the paper tries to recognize all the documents about "Chahar-Bagh" and "Charbagh", among historical documents such as, the first documents of PASARGAD garden, available historic books: IRSHAD-OL-ZERA-E, ROZAT-OL-SEFAT, BABURNAMEH and we search it in Achaemenian inscription, and also in Persian miniature and Persian garden-carpet. In most of the historic books we can find, description of un-axial pattern for creating Persian garden. We could not find any words which means CHAHAR (Four) in available Achaemenian inscriptions. In Persian Garden –carpets and Persian miniature we can observe both patterns of CHAHAR-BAGH archetype which includes: two perpendicular axes pattern and uni-axial pattern as we see the same in Persian Miniatures. In conclusion we can form a hypothesis which tells us, shaping four square shape parts or CHAHAR-BAGH garden is related to the Safavid period. Iranian built un-axial garden before that period and call it CHARBAGH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Investigation of seasonal suicide might help in learning about the etiology of suicide committers' behavior. Literature search indicates that a large number of preliminary studies have been carried out on this subject, in many of which seasonal and climatological aspects of suicide have been investigated. In the present study, the seasonal and time pattern of suicide incidence in Iran was determined based a systematic review. Materials and Methods: Search was performed in the national databases, namely, SID, Iranmedex, Magiran and Medlib, as well as international databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar, using such keywords as Iran/Iranian, seasonality and suicide. The technical quality of papers was assessed using checklists. Data of each of the preliminary studies were extracted in terms of general variables and such specific variables as season, month, hour, weekdays and climatic conditions. Results: Of a total number of 49,522 documents obtained from a primary electronic search, eventually 32 papers were included in this study. The highest numbers of suicides committed were 7 and 8 in summer and spring, respectively. Similarly, among the primary studies that had reported only the monthly occurrence of suicide, the highest rate in 7 cases was spring and 7 in summer. In most of the studies (8 cases) the highest number of suicides had taken place between 1:00 and 6:00 PM. Conclusion: These findings indicate that suicide occurrence in Iran has a seasonal pattern, most cases committed being in spring and summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Sand flies are responsible for transmission of leishmaniasis, papatasi fever and carrion disease. Warning of sand fly population is the first step for the establishment of baseline data for the vector control operations of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In order to attempt to the difference between species composition and bieocology of sand flies, the comparative research was carried out in west and east of Meshkinshahr district where having high and low prevalence of VL as well as mild semiarid and semiarid steppe climates respectively. Materials and Methods: Sand flies were biweekly collected using sticky paper traps from indoor and outdoor shelters from four villages at west and east of Meshkinshahr district. The specimens was removed from sticky paper traps and washed in acetone and preserved in 70% alcohol. The preserved sand flies were mounted using Puri's media and identified using valid keys. The labeled specimens were deposited in Medical Entomology Museum, School of Public Health under code GC22ST6-93. Results:During this study, totally 783 and 400 sand flies were respectively caught from indoor (19-27%) and outdoor (73-81%) of both at west and east. The sex ratios of collected sand flies were estimated 2.3 and 1.9. in latter areas. The genera percentage of sand flies were 66.3-64.5% for Phlebotomus and 33.7-35.5% for Sergentomyia compromising of 7 subgenera which included in 20 and 17 species respectively in west and east areas. For the first time, Se.sintoni and Se.mervynae was reported in Meshkinshahr district. Conclusion: The Ph.kandelakii and Ph.perfiliewi were introduced as prevalent species in the west area compared to the east. In the west area, activity duration and number of generation was higher than east. The prevalent species in the east area was Ph.papatasi. The high density of Ph.anderjevi was seen in both studied areas. The most proven vectors of visceral leishmaniasis were revealed in the west of Meshkinshahr district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases are still the main cause of mortality around the world. Therefore, it is essential to develop practical means to reduce their burden. A wealth of evidence supports the role of physical exercise in attenuating many of the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, endurance training warrants protection against myocardial infarction. Exercise, even if performed only in a few days, can protect the heart against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, and this protection will be even more in longer exercises. It is yet to be clarified how exercise maneuvers provide protection against IR. However, it is suggested that some molecular and cellular mechanisms in addition to metabolic and hormonal alterations are seemingly involved in exercise-induced cardioprotection (EICP), such as increased capacity of antioxidant system, higher expression of heat shock proteins, improvement in ATP-sensitive potassium channels, change in nitric oxide production, and adaptive cardiac mitochondrial modulations. This paper discusses the current data on molecular and cellular mechanisms of EICP. Understanding the molecular basis of EICP against IR injury will provide us with the required knowledge for development of preventive and therapeutic approaches. In addition, exercise characteristics leading to more pronounced cardioprotection will be concisely addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: In health psychology, the issue of “normal human being”, which can be taken as an equivalent to healthy human being, is considered a fundamental and ideal paradigm in every educational system. In the Islamic cultural, religious and social system, particular attention has been paid to this, as the main goal of Islamic education is training healthy human beings. Materials and Methods: The present paper deals with this issue comparatively in Descartes’ philosophy representing the Westerns culture and Allameh Tabatabaei’s philosophy representing Islamic thoughts. Results: In Descartes’ thinking, who is a humanistic and subjective philosopher, a typical or normal human being is a self-based, purely rational being, and reliant on his own technologic power. This is a purely natural human being, separated from his meta-physical roots. The more he is able to master the nature, the more normal and ideal he would be. Descartes’ normal human being is mainly a constructive being who is after fulfilling his independence and does not believe in the superhuman principles and teachings, but in Allameh Tabatabai’s view, based on the Islamic thoughts and culture, the concept of normal human being’s health is mainly a spiritual issue. Conclusion: Qualitative life, which is a prerequisite to the normal human being’s attainments, rests upon a solid philosophical standpoint, access to genuine identity and the acceptance of religion. A normal or typical human being, in this perspective, is one who has a true vision of his life, his undertaking and responsibility, his relationship with God, the world and the facts of existence and eventually a human being who has a high life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to investigate Iranian papers on nanotechnology area against some scientometrics indicators such as most prolific, most cited and so on. The statistical population were all papers have been published by Iranian researchers on nanotechnology in the Science Citation Index (SCI) from 1991 to 7 August 2011 (4605 records) that has been done with the aim of identifying, the most prolific, most cited and most effect of Iranian nanotechnology scientists. The results showed that the collaborative index in per- document was 3.39. The highest collaborative index was in 1997 with six authors by per-document. Iranian nanotechnology researchers' degree of collaboration was 0.96 this indicates, greater tendency of nanotechnology authors towards co-authorship. Considering total collaboration coefficient (0.64), nanotechnology authors have shown tendency to production of scientific collaborative document. The highest collaboration coefficient (0.83) And the lowest collaboration coefficient (0.5) have been allocated to the 1997 and 1991 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of globalization and intense competition, the research and development national organizations have been in the strong dilemma for the efficient activities. When part of the national capital would be invested on research and development centers, these centers are responsible of the answer for their performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative efficiency the Iran's research and development performance in the region in both sectors: the production and publishing of knowledge using Network DEA. So the research and development activities from 14 countries region were extracted to assess their relative efficiency. In the production sector, the inputs such as enrollment rates in the sciences and engineering fields, number researchers, costs research and development and the outputs such as number patents, number papers engineering and scientific were used. In sector publishing of knowledge, the inputs such as number patents, number papers engineering and scientific and outputs such as export technology modern and mean reference to the articles were used. The results showed that in the sector of the production of knowledge, four countries and in the sector of the publishing of knowledge, nine countries were inefficient. It was noteworthy that Iran in the sector of the production of knowledge did not have the proper place between the selected countries, but in the sector of the publishing of knowledge it was able to gain maximum efficiency from the DEA models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to present detailed texts about necessities of personal information management (PIM) and has been written by literature survey. Historical investigation of this new born research area showed PIM is an extension to primary personal information management in offices and other bureaucratic centers. PIM is the result of new ICT developments and its followings as information overload and pollution, which is combination of information retrieval, database management systems (DBMS), information science, human-computer interaction, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence. The research area tries to address to old challenges by new mechanisms. The paper introduced the new born research area and discussed about its appearance, definitions, history, benefits, performance and researches which has been done about it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aimed to study the relationship between usage rate of information and communication technology by faculty members of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and motivation rate, updating of lesson content and attractiveness of classroom in academic year of 2008-2009 and to study the ability to use information and communication technology in the classroom effectively, its effects on motivation of teachers and learners and updating of lesson content and to investigate possible difficulties and challenges in its usage and to suggest a course of action. Statistical universe studied was selected 274 members of faculty of Ferdowsi University using random-stratified sampling with proper assignment. Considering purpose of the paper, it was applied research and descriptive survey and concerning methodology it was correlation research. A researcher-built questionnaire was filled as face to face and precisely an interview in which professors expressed their problems in usage of information and communication technologies were used as a data collection tool. The results showed that the relationship between usage rate of information and communication technology by faculty members of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and updating lesson content, attractiveness of class and their motivation level (low, medium, high) according to one-sided variance analysis, the assumption of average equality of usage rate of information and communication technology by faculty members was rejected in all three cases. In other words, there was a significant difference (positive) between them, in ascending order were as low, medium and high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recording of Persian names suffers from negligence and no rule is being followed in this regard. This paper was a descriptive-quantitative study, it also examined negligence recording of names of Iranian authors in the ISI database. In line with the study goals, the complete list of papers by Iranians during 2007 and 2008 in the Web of Science Database were extracted. Of other purpose of this research was to determine their gender and their way of spelling (consistently or negligently) were surveyed and each of the authors was dedicated a record. The results showed men's names were more negligently recorded compared with that of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ontology is commonly used as a structure capturing knowledge about a certain area via providing relevant concepts and relations between them. Nowadays, because of the increase in designing ontologies in different domains, it is important to describe some criteria for selecting the most appropriate ontology. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ontology evaluation criteria, approaches and layers. At first, different evaluation stages in ontology evaluation were explained. Then the most important approaches to ontology evaluation were described: included gold standard, task-based, data-driven and criteria based evaluation. Another part of this paper was about ontology evaluation criteria such as those mentioned by experts of ontology domain as well as the criteria that proposed by US National Center for ontological Research. Lastly, the levels of ontology evaluation, involved lexical, vocabulary, or data layer, hierarchy or taxonomy layer, other semantic relations layer, context or application level, syntactic level, structure, architecture and design layer were characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to examine knowledge sharing infrastructure of "Iran Tax Administration Reform Program". The qualitative approach by using case study method was applied in this research. In order to meet the research goal, four infrastructural dimensions of knowledge sharing were studied: leadership & strategy, culture, structure, and information technology. To the authors' knowledge, this was maybe the first paper which examined knowledge sharing infrastructure in programs environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is used in numerous applications and offers a plethora of interesting potential new applications. However, this potential raises issues that require addressing to achieve its widespread acceptance by consumers. This paper investigated the factors that affect consumer acceptance of RFID technology using the technology acceptance model (TAM). To this end, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed among Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) students and gathered data were analyzed using multivariable linear regression method. The results proposed that convenience, culture, and regulation were the principal factors influencing the consumers' acceptance of RFID. The results of the paper can provide insight to organizations in providing RFID enabled products to their customers and also facilitated its development in the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Certain advantages of service-oriented architecture have led to the spread of this type of architecture around the world. However, some special features of this type of architecture have led to more compromise between the security in the information system and other information systems. The purpose of this paper is to identify and examine the impact of factors and dimensions of the information security system that has developed by using service-oriented architecture. In this study, the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis have been used to identify overt and covert variables. Then, a structured equation model and AMOS software have been used. Finally, the effect of each security dimension of security service-oriented architecture was specified by using the structural equation model. The results indicate that network-level security, web services and message-level security have a significant positive impact on service-oriented architecture. The software output is indicative of the fact that the structured model is fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because UNIMARC is the basis for Iran MARC format, in this paper all 17 problems identified by Kokabi in 1994 about adoption of UNIMARC in Iran, were compared with Iran MARC Manual to find the suggested solutions for them. Because of the international role of MARC 21 and UNIMARC, these 17 problems were checked out to reveal if these problems are solved in the last update of UNIMARC and if there is any solution for them in MARC 21. Eventually with these findings, researchers determined that MARC 21 has more adaption with special features of Persian cataloging and bibliographic features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of information retrieval systems is one of the greatest challenges for information science specialists, because determining the performance of a system depends on judgment of the relevance of documents provided by the system to the user's information needs, and it has its own complexities. New retrieval systems due to the dynamic nature of the Web are very different compared with traditional retrieval systems. Web information retrieval systems in terms of ranking results are divided into two groups: The ranked retrieval results and unranked retrieval sets. Each system has a different evaluation criteria and scales. In this paper, criteria for evaluating information retrieval systems is reviewed for the ranked retrieval results (including precision and recall curves, interpolated precision, the 11-point interpolated precision average, Mean Average Precision, precision at K, R-precision, ROC curve cumulative gain and normalized discounted cumulative gain), and the unranked retrieval sets (including precision, recall, F-measure and accuracy) is introduced separately. Finally, alluding to the evaluation metrics, a scale of 4 degrees including best, useful, objective precision and then differential precision is introduced which can be used to evaluate the non-binary precision of web information retrieval systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Children who work or live in the streets are one of the high-risk groups for HIV. The high population of street children and lack of comprehensive intervention programs for them increase their risk for HIV in Iran. This study intended to explore the situation of drug abuse in street children in Tehran, the capital city. Materials and Methods: This paper reports part of a comprehensive rapid assessment and response (RAR) research project on street children in Tehran during 2012-13. Data were collected by interviewing subjects using questionnaires. The sample size was 289 street children selected by time-location sampling in Tehran. Results: Data showed that about 25.6% of the street children had had some history of cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, and/or drug abuse. Most of them were boys aged 15-18 years. The prevalence rate of cigarette and/or hubble-bubble smoking, alcohol consumption and drug abuse during the preceding 6 months 12.1%, 11% and 6.9%, respectively. Significant associations were found between alcohol consumption and drug abuse on the one hand and the children's age, type of occupation and home-leaving experience on the other. Further analysis of the data showed that the main reason for drug abuse was curiosity (56.6%), followed by mere enjoyment (39.6%) and leisure (35.8%). Conclusion: It can be concluded that drug abuse among street children is highly associated with gender, age, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and leaving home experience. Therefore, it is recommended to start drug abuse prevention programs at lower ages, with particular emphasis on boys. In addition, family intervention and improvement of children's lifestyle aiming at preventing home-leaving could be a main strategic plan for reducing drug abuse among street children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scope of scientometric studies has been increased in recent years. Most of previous studies in this field are just like executive reports, and the international scholars have expressed their concerns about this problem. The nature of scientometric studies has not been studied in previous researches and we do not know that scientometric studies are categorized in multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary or cross-disciplinary domain. This paper explored the use of scientometric approach to study the scientometrics domain. We responsed to these questions: 1) Is the scientometric studies classified in interdisciplinary domain? 2) What is the contribution of different scientific fields to scientometric studies? 3) What is the current direction of scientometric studies? The data was extracted from Web of Science (WoS). The results showed that scientometric studies were a part of interdisciplinary studies. Furthermore, the library and information science and computer science had major contribution to this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entry into force of Amendments to SOLAS Convention, Chapter XI-2 and International Ship and Port Facility Security Code was initiated by the event in New York on 11 September, 2011. Member countries of the Maritime Safety Committee of the International Maritime Organisation proposed measures for protection of international maritime traffic and prevention of recurrence of similar events at sea or in the port areas, as well. The Republic of Croatia implements security measures in accordance with its obligations as the signatory of the SOLAS Convention. Security of Seaborne Ships and Port Facility Act from 2009 as adopted by the Croatian Parliament the process of conformance of the national legislation with the acquis communautaire based on Regulation (EC) No 725/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council on enhancing ship and port facility security. This paper gives a critical review of the implementation of security measures in the port facilities and international maritime border crossing point of the Republic of Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of non indigenous species has been recognised as a serious threat to global biodiversity. Several vectors of the introduction in marine ecosystems are known; the most significant being aquaculture activities and shipping, i.e. hull fouling and ballast water. This paper describes testing of the ballast water treatment system on board vessel Naše more in Šibenik bay and Omišalj bay. The effect of cyclonic separation in hydrocyclones followed by ultraviolet radiation in the UV reactor on the survival of zooplankton organisms was examined. Sea water was pumped through the hydrocyclone cluster separately, and in combination with UV radiation in 3 consecutive cycles. Almost identical results were obtained in treatments with and without UV radiation, which indicates satisfying effectiveness of mechanical treatment in hydrocyclone for zooplanktonic organisms. Control samples from surrounding area, samples separated by hydrocyclone as well as those that have passed through the treatment system in the tanks on board, representing the ballast water tanks, were collected and analysed. By comparing the samples from surrounding aquatoria and samples collected in the tanks onboard it was concluded that 62.7% to 54.5% of the organisms was separated by the hydrocyclones, meaning that 37.3% to 45.5% of the organisms passed through the system and was collected in the tanks onboard, from which 4.7% to 32.8% were alive. After 8 hours average share of live individuals was 14.9%, and after 24 hours only 1.8% from the total number of organisms in the surrounding sea. Experiments demonstrated the successful use of the ballast water treatment system for inactivation of zooplankton organisms in seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the contribution of the Coast Guard in optimisation of monitoring systems in the ecological and fisheries protection zone in view of the drawbacks of the existing sea fishing monitoring system. The existing monitoring system comprises the Fisheries Monitoring Centre with a developed data base and the Fishing Vessel Monitoring System. A SWOT analysis of the Coast Guard capability was made with the aim of improving the existing sea fishing monitoring system in the ecological and fisheries protection zone. The result indicates that the merging of the existing sea fishing monitoring system and the Coast Guard operational units would considerably improve the sea fishing monitoring system in the ecological and fisheries protection zone. Possible improvements of the system were found by comparing the existing sea fishing monitoring system and the proposed conceptual model of a sea fishing monitoring system in the ecological and fisheries protection zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper discussed results of a study which aimed to explore the knowledge and use of Web 2.0 technologies by LIS academics in Iran and to explore the challenges they faced for using these technologies. The research method was explorative and empirical. Data was collected through a web-based survey questionnaire containing both open and close ended questions. The results showed that LIS academics in Iran had good level of familiarity with some Web 2.0 tools such as blog, wiki, YouTube and Facebook. However, their familiarity with some other Web 2.0 tools such as RSS, feeds, Twitter, Flickr, Delicious and podcast was limited. Blog, discussion groups, chat tools, file sharing tools, Wikis, SMS, video sharing tools and forum were used respectively by LIS academics in their teaching. Internet filtering was identified as the most inhibiting barrier to the use of Web 2.0 tools. Lack of access to high speed internet and lack of training were pointed as the other identified barriers. Authors suggested that to reap the benefits of Web 2.0, LIS academics needed to find alternative non filtered Web 2.0 tools to employ in their teaching and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge is identified as a critical factor for innovation. On the other side, knowledge creation takes place through investing on R&D activities and developing new products. Furthermore, not all types of R&D activities result in similar types of innovation. Indeed, investing on research activities result in radical innovation and investing on development activities conclude in incremental innovation. Keeping a balance between these two kinds of innovation in products is critical to acquire competitive advantages. To investigate the dynamic-nature and complex relationship between knowledge creation and investing on R&D activities, presenting paper tried to study impacts of different investing policies on knowledge stock using a systematic view. Hence, "system dynamics" which is an approach to study the complex system is used to model and simulate the presenting system. Beside, a case study was also presented to test applicable capability of the model. The simulation results showed that investing policies on R&D activities must be based on comparing the real performance and the goal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the usage of electronic journals in Ferdowsi University, Iran based on e-metrics. The paper also aimed to emphasize the analysis of cost-benefit and the correlation between the journal impact factors and the usage data. In this study experiences of Ferdowsi University library on licensing and usage of electronic resources was evaluated by providing a cost-benefit analysis based on the cost and usage statistics of electronic resources. Vendor-provided data were also compared with local usage data. The usage data were collected by tracking web-based access locally, and by collecting vender-provided usage data. The data sources were one-year of vendor-supplied e-resource usage data such as Ebsco, Elsevier, Proquest, Emerald, Oxford and Springer and local usage data collected from the Ferdowsi university web server. The study found that actual usage values differ for vendor-provided data and local usage data. Elsevier has got the highest usage degree in searches, sessions and downloads. Statistics also showed that a small number of journals satisfy significant amount of use while the majority of journals were used less frequent and some were never used at all. The users preferred the PDF rather than HTML format. The data in subject profile suggested that the provided e-resources were best suited to certain subjects. There was no correlation between IF and electronic journal use. Monitoring the usage of e-resources gained increasing importance for acquisition policy and budget decisions. The article provided information about local metrics for the six surveyed vendors/publishers, e.g. usage trends, requests per package, cost per use as related to the scientific specialty of the university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to serve the Islamic researchers, providing a web site is inevitable for Islamic Universities which are in transition from the real to the virtual world and. Today, almost all the major universities in Islamic community have websites. But, in the realization of their mission, it is not clear to what extant these universities were successful in terms of information dissemination. The aim of this paper was to determine the core web sites and evaluate the effectiveness, ranking and collaboration rate among these websites. The formulas of core website determination, co-links and in-links analysis and revised web impact factor were used beside cluster and multidimensional analysis methods in this study. Results showed that "King Saud University" website in Saudi Arabia had the highest visibility and the most authoritative website among all university websites. Also, co-link analysis showed that major Islamic university websites had collaboration in 12 clusters based on clustering analysis and in 11 clusters based on multidimensional analysis, where two of them (Iran and Turkey) were national clusters in cluster analysis method. Results analysis indicated that web designers in these universities must identify how to attract links and web traffic in order to promote the quality and content of websites. However, the ultimate success of a website was dependent upon factors such as quality, size, language, and the approximate age of a website which was not limited to one or two factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurement and evaluation of science, that scientometrics is followed, subsequently has always been in the world since it has been assumed that science can help the health and welfare of the inhabitants of the planet. Using the results of researches can effect on the economic, social, political, scientific, and cultural foundations. Therefore, the scientometrics researches are attractive for scientific and research societies that draw the distant horizons for themselves. This article introduced the scientometrics dimensions concisely and discusses the effects of results of these researches on economic, social, political, scientific, and cultural development in the countries and emphasizes its effects on the services of library and information centers. So, this paper presented the situation of scientometrics in science policy processes and states its role in the society development process based on the library method and using the analytical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, images are used in almost every career, and a different range of professional groups use images in their work. They have always been used as a means to convey information. Images are very often used either alone or in compound with text, as they are able to conveying information difficult to depict in words. However, image retrieval based on syntactic features alone does not provide support for various types of queries. There is a mismatch between what the current solutions for this are able to providing, and what we demand from an image retrieval system. This gap between what is possible and what we require, by many authors has been named the "Semantic gap". The focus of this paper was how to obtain successful semantic image retrieval from large image collections. The research investigated some of the difficulties of getting correlate results when searching in image collections. A new tool, the shape thesaurus, was suggested as a step into improving image retrieval. The principal motivation behind this suggestion has been to assess the possibilities of narrowing the Semantic gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of ICT development as an advanced technology in the society transition and supporting the other sectors development is undeniable. ICT is one of the most critical sectors in the economy, so the policy-makers attempts to codify effective and advanced policies. Nevertheless they face several challenges. According to the problems derived from solution generalization, identification of problems and challenges of ICT in each country can be valuable in directing planning scope, requirement analysis and operational guidelines. According to ICT developments experts attitudes, includes academic masters and managers, this paper identified the government policy-making method for ICT development and prioritize the areas and their roles in ICT development. Depending on the results, the government was the main trustee of ICT development and it should form and conduct various policies. These policies should be bases on late comer catch up. The research highlighted the importance of regulation modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated scientific outputs status of faculty members of Humanities, Art and Social Sciences faculties of state universities of Iran that indexed in A&HCI and SSCI during 2000 to 2008. Descriptive and analytical method was used to conduct this research. Findings showed that Tehran University with 38/73% and then Shiraz University with 15.65% had the greatest value of scientific outputs, while in other universities the status of scientific outputs was not satisfying. Article with 76.42% was the most published format and then meeting abstract, book review, proceeding paper are next in rank 65.65% of scientific outputs were collective and 34.34% individual. Scientific outputs development process in universities during the investigated period was ascending. Scientific outputs of Humanities, Art and Social Sciences faculties of state universities were published inl67 titles and through these 135 titles (80.83%) were indexed in Journal Citation Reports and among these the impact factor of 74 journals (54.81%) range from 0 to 1 and the other 61 (45.18%) journals' impact factors value more than one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inefficiency of thesauri and other information representation tools in electronic environment have forced librarians to revise the structure of these tools. So they have tried to develop other information organization tools such as ontology. In this paper, the performance of ontology in information retrieval was investigated. In addition, by reviewing two basic ontology-based information retrieval models- Lingpeng model and Dan Model- a new conceptual model was introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information retrieval (IR) is a crucial area of natural language processing (NLP) and can be defined as finding documents whose content is relevant to the query need of a user. Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) refers to a kind of information retrieval in which the language of the query and that of searched document are different. In fact, it is a retrieval process where the user presents queries in one language to retrieve documents in another language. This paper tried to construct a bilingual lexicon of parallel chunks of English and Persian from two very large monolingual corpora an English-Persian parallel corpus which could be directly applied to cross-language information retrieval tasks. For this purpose, a statistical measure known as Association Score (AS) was used to compute the association value between every two corresponding chunks in the corpus using a couple of complicated algorithms. Once the CLIR system was developed using this bilingual lexicon, an experiment was performed on a set of one hundred English and Persian phrases and collocations to see to what extend this system was effective in assisting the users find the most relevant and suitable equivalents of their queries in either language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information searching process is an interactive process; thus users has control on searching process, and they can manage the results of the search process. In this process, user's question became more mature, according to retrieved results. In addition, on the side of the information retrieval system, there are some processes that could not be realized, unless by user. Practically, this issue, is egregious in "Interaction" -i.e. process of user connection to other system elements- and in "Relevance judgment". This paper had a glance to existence of "Interaction" in information retrieval, in first. Then the tradition model of information retrieval and its strength and weak points were reviewed. Finally, the current models of interactive information retrieval includes: Belkin episodic model, Ingwersen cognitive model, Sarasevic stratified model, and Spinks interactive feedback model were elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presented a conceptual model for information technology architecture. For this goal, after reviewing conceptual models of enterprise architecture, key dimensions of them were described and prioritized by using Shannon's entropy. To determine building blocks of each dimension, customer requirements have been mapped to functional requirements by using axiomatic method. The model has been described by goals, components and relationships. Then, it has been validated by surveying experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, many of universities and private institutions are founding in design of e-learning systems. Understanding of what factors or components are important in evaluation of these systems effectiveness from the learners' point of view, help to focus funding upon effective components and ignore or exclusion of ineffective or neutral factors. Therefore, this paper with purpose of offering a fairly comprehensive perspective from effectiveness of e-learning systems, has tried to recognize and extract effective factors or components on effectiveness of e-learning systems. At the same time, the Shahr-e-Rey's virtual college of anecdote sciences as an example has investigated. The research method of this research was descriptive (survey research). The statistical population was included all postgraduate and undergraduate student of mentioned virtual college. The total number of this student was 1296 people that in autumn semester of 2009 were enrolled and studied all the semester. For sampling of subjects, a biased method was used. Therefore, based on this biased method, the 325 subjects were selected. For gathering of data, the Levy's questionnaire of assessing the value-satisfaction with e-learning systems' characteristics was used. For determination of validity of mentioned questionnaire, the content, construct and formal validity were used. Also, for approving the reliability of this questionnaire, the test of Cronbach's Alpha was used. Thus, in terms of this test, the alpha for both constructs (value and satisfaction) respectively was: 0.95 and 0.94. However, the results of this study showed that these constructs (value and satisfaction) were distinct (independent) constructs and results of factor analysis showed that these constructs had different factor structures and also factor analysis in any one (value & satisfaction) lead to extraction of different factors. Afterward, on the basis of confirmatory factor analysis in value construct, the four factors (learners' environmental support; technology; technical support & classmates; course & professor) with a total cumulative variance explained nearly 61.5%, were extracted and as well as, on the basis of confirmatory factor analysis in satisfaction construct, the four factors (course & professor; availability; technology & technical support; learner & classmates) with a total cumulative variance explained nearly 50%, were extracted. Furthermore, another result of this survey showed that there wasn't any significant correlation between value and satisfaction measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presented a model on developing information literacy for Iranian Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. This model was based on three sides: formulating rules and regulations, content production, and communication among the activists. In each of these sides, while referring to noting-worthy points, the top possible actions were mentioned. It was expected that by achieving information literacy skills that entails equipping the learners with critical thinking skills, much of the national objectives aimed in cultural, social, economic and scientific fields areas will be attained; all since that the first step in accessing knowledge (the main characteristic of which is being localized) consists of the ability to recognize the problem, to determine the information need clearly, and to exploit the existing information in producing new information and knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance and usefulness of information and communication technologies (ICT) have been investigated in many researches. There are many challenges for ICT users, especially for teachers that act as inhibitor factors for using ICT in their jobs. The main purpose of this paper was to investigate these challenges in the view point of high school teachers in Isfahan city based on ICT use barriers model. In the model, barriers have divided into four groups: organizational, managerial, educational, and financial-instrumental. The research was based on qualitative method. For analyzing data descriptive-analysis method was used. For gathering data, researcher made questionnaire including 5 open ended had been used. Survey population included teachers of all high schools in Isfahan city in 1387-88 academic years. 110 teachers were selected by using cluster random sampling method. For data analysis, content analysis method was used to calculate the mean and frequencies. Findings indicated that most teachers have explained the lack of proper in-service training programs for their use of ICT as the most important obstacles for using ICT in teaching. Lack of suitable managerial strategies for implementing ICT in curriculum, lack of organizational support and lack of financial resources and equipments in schools, respectively, were other barriers in using ICT in Iranian high schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, government services or e-government is one of the most important issues in society. Since in the e-government environment, the knowledge management strategy plays a central role, this paper has aimed to study knowledge access, creation, and transfer in portals of Iran ministries. The statistical populations of this study consisted of all Iran ministries portals. An evaluation model known as knowledge access, creation and transfer (K-ACT) was presented and with using this model, a checklist was developed and applied for evaluating the portals. The findings indicated that, on average, ministries' portals featured only about 26.4 percent of the knowledge access, 30 percent of knowledge creation, and 22 percent in knowledge transfer. The ranking of portals also showed that ministries of information and communication technology, and industry and mine in knowledge access; economic affairs and finance, health and medical education, defense, and industry and mine in knowledge creation; and the ministry of economic affairs and finance in knowledge transfer with 41 percent of criteria have won first place between the portals. Generally, the portals of economic affairs and finance, and industry and mine ministries with 42 percent and ministry of information and communication technology with 34 percent of criteria, had the highest standards in the field of knowledge management. The results indicated that there were many weaknesses in the use of new technologies - in particular, portals - in Iran that must to be examined and fixed by planning and scientific work and the use of various experts' opinions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the researchers have emphasized on positive effect of information system on supply chain performance such as organizational processes integration, information sharing, information technology, etc. In other hand, information security management system is one of the subjects that researches considered its effects on increase accuracy and effective information exchange, access to accurate and timely information and reduce errors of information system. Since, any research has not been done on this ground (the importance of ISMS on supply chain performance). Therefore, it was felt that a research should have done on these approaches on supply chain. In this respect, current research was seeking that how ISMS had impact on supply chain performance in automotive industry and this was the innovative aspect of this paper. So first of all, after the review of the information security management system literature, supply chain performance was considered by the balanced scorecard approach then the most important factors of these two subjects was extracted by correlation analysis. In this way, it was considered that how ISMS had impact on supply chain performance by correlation analysis. The results showed that different dimensions of ISMS (information uniformity, prevent the human and machine mistake, information be accuracy, and rectitude and instruction for users) had impact on four dimensions of supply chain performance (customers, financial, internal processes and learning and growth) in three levels (strategic, technical, and operational) in supply chain. At the end, it was showed that ISMS lays the ground for increase supply chain performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated users' attitude toward evaluating Persian academic e-books. Survey research method was used and the data was collected by a supervised, paper-based questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of master students at Alzahra University which is familiar with e-book. Findings showed that delivery factor had the highest contribution in academic e-books evaluation. Meaningful chapter outline, possibility to read in offline mode, 24/7 accessible and remotely was found to be the strongest criterion influencing e-book selection. Altogether, twenty indicators have achieved the highest priorities selecting academic e-book. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an attempt to enhance knowledge, firms and corporations have been overwhelmed with assorted methods for retaining employee wisdom. To pay attention to the benefits of a successful knowledge management program can help create competitive advantage. Therefore, numerous knowledge management solutions have been developed and implemented. Some of these knowledge management initiatives provide a means to accumulate, organize, and access the firm's most essential asset. With the advent and spread of information and communication technologies, especially Internet, social software and communication tools has risen to the challenge of capturing knowledge with a variety of methods. One of these tools is wiki that provides a new way of collaboration and knowledge sharing. Wiki is a software that allows users to work collectively on a web-based knowledge base. This paper reviews the role of wikis in knowledge creation and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the competition, a company not only focuses on physical capital, but also focuses on intellectual capital. Company can achieve a competitive advantage and earn profit by owing intellectual capital. Since intellectual capital is intangible, there is a need for sufficient transparency in management and measurement. This study was a descriptive survey. The purpose of this paper was to examine the inter-relationships and the interaction effects among intellectual capital components and to demonstrate the impact of intellectual capital on organizational performance, in IT industry. The main conclusion from this particular study was the intellectual capital has influence on IT companies' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge as an intellectual capital is one of the valuable properties of an organization which can play a vital role in success of organization providing combine with information technology. The aim of this research is to answer this question: Does the using of information technology affect knowledge management development? The results presented the effectiveness of information technology on knowledge management development. The remarkable point was the relationship strength of hard activities toward knowledge management soft activities. This paper was a descriptive-application research. The statistical society of this research included human resource and R&D experts of Mellat Bank and data were gathered by questionnaires. In order to analyzing the data by SPSS and LISREL, first, Spearman correlation test was used for testing hypothesis. Moreover, in order to investigate the casual relationship and model fitting test, structural equations model were used and results presented proper fitness of model and correlation between variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a model based on fuzzy set theory for determining the score of knowledge management in organization. The introduced model has five stages. In the first stage, input and output variable of model are characterized by available theories. Inputs are as follows: knowledge acquisition, knowledge storage, knowledge creation, knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer. The output is as follow score of knowledge management in organization. In the second stage, the input and output are converted into fuzzy numbers after classification. Inference rules are explained in the third stage. In the fourth stage, defuzzification is performed, and in the fifth stage, the devised system is tested. The test result shows that the presented model has high validity. Ultimately, by using the designed model, the score of knowledge management for Tabriz Kar machinery industry was calculated. The statistical population consists of 50 members of this organization. All the population has been studied. A questionnaire was devised, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. The result indicated that the score of knowledge management in Tabriz Kar machinery industry with the membership rank of 0.924 was at an average level and with the membership rank of 0.076 was at a high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Teachers play an important role in promoting mental health of students. The present study aimed at analyzing the effect of job stress on mental health of elementary teachers through the moderating role of job burnout. Methods: This study was a non-experimental design (correlation) one using a structural model investigated the relationship between the variables. A sample of 186 elementary teachers of Azadshahr in Golestan province, Iran was asked to respond to three scales (demographic questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire, and The Maslach Burnout Inventory). The results were analyzed by SPSS 21 and Amos 21. To determine the association between variables Pearson correlation coefficient was applied. Path analysis was used for verification and determination of model fit. Results: Job stress, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization positively, and personal accomplishment negatively can predict mental health. Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment play a mediating role in the relationship between job stress and mental health. Conclusion: Job stress and job burnout in teachers endangers their mental health. The model obtained is appropriate for explaining mental health of teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Reluctance of dentists to treat HIV/AIDS patients represents a major concern.The present study was aimed to determine predictive factors of intention of dentists for providing dental care to HIV/AIDS-infected patients based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) constructs. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 80 dentists in the city of Shahriar, near Tehran, were selected through census .A scale based on PMT constructs was developed and validated through qualitative content analysis by a panel of experts and its reliability by Alpha Cronbach. Data was analyzed using SPSS16 and tests such as Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA, independent-samples t tests and multiple linear regression using the stepwise method. Results: The mean age of participants was 38.21 (7.57±) years old; 31 (38.8%) of the participants were women. Participants had an average of 117.98 (71.83 ±) months of working experience. Among PMT constructs, self-efficacy could predict 54% variance of intention among the subjects (R2= 0.54, F= 24.28, p< 0.001) Conclusion: For increasing the intention of dentists willing to provide dental care to HIV/AIDS-infected patients should be focused on developing interventions aimed at to increase their self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objective: An appropriate sexual intercourse resulting in both parties' satisfaction can play a crucial role in couples' relations and family strength. Forgiveness is one of the psychological and relational processes for enhancing hurt-healing which influence many indicators of mental health. Women) mental health guarantees family and, in turn, society's health. Thus, this study aims to explore the relationship between sexual knowledge and marital forgiveness with the mental health of married women aged 20-40 yrs. in Aleshtarcity in Lorestan Province, Iran . Methods:The Hooper Sexual knowledge scale, Pollard Forgiveness scale (FFC), and Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used in the study. The statistical population consisted of married women in Aleshtar city in the year 2012. Samples comprised of 120 people were selected by clustering sampling. Data was analyzed through SPSS16 using simple correlation coefficient; regression and t-test were used for comparing means and analysis of variance. In this study, the significance level was considered 0.05. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between sexual knowledge and mental health of married women (r=0.215, p <0.05). There was also was a significant positive correlation between forgiveness and mental health of married women (r=-0.347, p <0.001), Conclusion: Education and increasing the sexual knowledge of women could improve their mental health. In addition, forgiveness has a positive role in improving the mental health of married women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Nowadays, waterpipe smoking (WPS) had a growing trend especially among young people. The increased prevalence of tobacco use among women is getting more concerned. Thus, this cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the predicting factors affecting continued intention of WPS among women consumers in the city of Bushehr, Iran by using the theory of planned behavior. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 430 women waterpipe tobacco smokers living in Bushehr were examined using convenience and snowball sampling methods. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. After data collection, data were analyzed using SPSS20 and appropriate statistical tests, including descriptive statistics, analyze of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation coefficient, Independent t-tests and linear regression. Results: There was an association between continued intention of WPS and marital status. Affective attitude (r= 0.57, p= 0.000), instrumental attitude (r= 0.44, p= 0.000), subjective norms (r= 0.26, p= 0.000), self-efficacy (r= -0.27, p= 0.000) and perceived behavioral control (r= -0.17, p= 0.000) was associated with continued intention of WPS. Affective attitude was the strongest and subjective norm was the weakest predictors of continued intention of WPS (R2=40%). Conclusion: Regarding to the impact of personal attitudes on continued intention of WPS, it is recommended that professionals should concentrate their attention on changing attitudes, reinforce behavioral control and increasing their self-efficacy in coping with WPS temptation among women consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]