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Kalanchoe tomentosa is one of the plants of the Crassulaceae tribe that can lower blood sugar and contains compounds of terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, fatty acids, steroids, and triterpenoids. This study aims to isolate and identify chemical compounds from dichloromethane extract of Kalanchoe tomentosa leaves, as well as to test the inhibitory activity of the α-amylase enzyme. Extraction was carried out by maceration using dichloromethane as a solvent, then dichloromethane extract was purified using column chromatography, the pure isolate was obtained in the form of white powder, and an inhibition test was carried out against the α-amylase enzyme. The thin layer chromatography data of pure isolates compared to pure β-sitosterol are similar. Based on the research data, it can be concluded that the chemical structure of the pure isolate is β-sitosterol, the methylene chloride extract of K. tomentosa leaves has an inhibitory activity against the α-amylase enzyme with an inhibition value of 65%. This value is greater than the positive control of acarbose which only has 37% inhibition and β-sitosterol compound by 6.7%. This value is smaller when compared to the control of acarbose at the same concentration which obtained 5% inhibition.

Discovery of new antibacterial agent to treat oral disease caused by pathogenic oral bacteria is an attracted focus to more pay attention of researcher. The tropical natural product is the promising sources of new bioactive as antibacterial compounds. The epiphyte plant of Sarang Semut ( M. pendans ) empirically has been used as a drug to treat various diseases. Our previous research found that ethyl acetate extract of Sarang Semut inhibited the bacteria growth of Enterococcus faecalis . This study aims to isolate, structure determination and antibacterial activity evaluation of active compound against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. The isolation by combination chromatography on normal and reverse phase resulted an antibacterial compound 1 . Based on the analysis of the spectroscopic data including IR, FTIR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, 2D-NMR as well as by mass spectroscopic (MS) and compare to reported data, structure of compound 1 was suggested as terpenoid type diterpene derivative. Antibacterial activity evaluation by Kirby-Bauer method of compound 1 against S. mutans ATCC 25175 showed inhibition zone values were 17.8, 14.5 and 11.1 mm at 10000, 5000 and 1000 ppm, respectively, while the MIC and MBC values were 18.125 ppm with MBC of 2500 ppm, respectively.

Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K.Schum contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids which have bacterial inhibitory power. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity test of ethanol extract 96% Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K.Schum on the growth inhibition power of Staphylococcus aureus. This research is an experimental research. Antibacterial activity test of extract ethanol 96% Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K.Schum using Cup Plate Technique with concentrations of 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% and 5%, Clindamycin concentration 50I¼g/ml as control (+) and 96% ethanol as control (-) in each treatment replication 4 times. The results diameter of the inhibitory zone formed was then analyzed by Statistical Producy Service Solution (SPSS) version 17. The results showed that extract ethanol 96% of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K.Schum had inhibitory activity on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The average diameter of the extract ethanol 96% inhibition zone of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K.Schum with a concentration of 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% and 5%, positive control (clindamycin), and negative control (96% ethanol) respectively on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is 28.06 mm; 25.17 mm; 23.15 mm; 20.38 mm; 18.34 mm; 30.13 mm; 0 mm. There are significant differences in diameter of inhibitory zones between concentrations of extract ethanol 96% of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K.Schum on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with significance values 0,000.

Exploration of microorganisms Actinomycetes can produce antibiotic compounds. One of the bacteria that can produce antibiotic compounds is the KP13 bacterial isolate. The purpose of this study was to determine the character of the fraction of KP13 isolates using the densitometry method and the spray / colouring reaction of thin layer chromatography elution. The wavelengths used for densitometry 210 nm and spray reagents used include ninhydrin, Dragendorff, 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (2,4-DNPH), and sulfuric acid anisaldehyde. The results of the study using densitometry at a wavelength of 210 nm showed the highest peak chromatogram at Rf 0.78. The compound that is thought to be responsible for the Rf value of 0.78 has the characteristics of Terpenoid compounds, alkaloids, and carbonyl.

This reseach aims to determine the composition of secondary metabolites of kirinyuh leaf extract (Euphatorium ordoratum.L) and antimicrobial properties of the extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The study was conducted in three phases: the first phase is manufacture kirinyuh leaf extract (Euphatprium odoratum L) through maceration method using N-Hexane solvent and methanol. In stage II, phytochemical screening, namely the identification of secondary metabolites (alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids) to the crude extract of leaves kirinyuh (Ephatorium odoratum L) in the form of antimicrobial properties of extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and with variations extract concentrations of 0%, 1 %, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% Echerichia coli and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The research found that such compounds secondary metbolit alkaloids, flavonoids, steronoid, and saponin, which dominates the secondary metabolites of four that alkaloid. While the screening test of phytochemical N-hexane extracts is not contain metbolit secondary compounds, testing against bacteria possess bioktivitas inhibition at concentrations of 15% with inhibition zone of 1.3 cm on Escherichia coli bacteria and 1.0 cm in bacteria Staphylococcus aureas. This shows kirinyuh leaf extracts have the ability as an anti-microbial.

Characterization of antioxidant compounds from the seeds of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) has been done. Extraction is done by maceration method using ethanol solvent, fractionation by TLC and column chromatography, antioxidants test using DPPH method, and characterization of antioxidant compound using GCMS. Ethanol extract and results of fractionation ethanol extract of basil seeds using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and methanol-water extracts show that n-butanol extract has the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 values ​​of 41.90 ppm. Results of column chromatography n-butanol extract using n-hexane : ethyl acetate (1:9) as mobile phase yielded 5 fractions with fraction 4 (F4 isolate) has dominant stain of active antioxidants after being sprayed DPPH reagent, it had IC50 values ​​of 39,70 ppm and total phenolic content of 0,003 mg/g. Isolate F4 suspected contains two active compounds as antioxidant which is terpenoid and phenolic compound group, namely squalene and 1,4-di-tert-buthyl-phenol identified by GCMS.DOI :http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.3598

Grifola frondosa or maitake, not only can be used as a food ingredient but also as medicine. Other than nutrients, fruit body and mycelium of G. frondosa also contains bioactive compounds, such as terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and beta glucans extracellular polysaccharides (β-1,3 glucans and β-1,6 glucans). Extracellular polysaccharide harvested more often in mycelium form which is cultivated in liquid medium. Liquid medium which is commonly used for the growth of mycelium is MYPB (Malt Yeast Peptone Broth). Mycelium production on MYPB as a medium can be increased by adding additional ingredients, one of which is sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The treatment was the addition of sunflower seeds on medium MYPB. The main parameters were mycelium’s dry weight and the weight of raw extract of G. frondosa. Supporting parameters were final pH medium, extracellular polysaccharides (qualitatively), terpenoid, alkaloid, and flavonoid compounds in the raw extract of G. frondosa. The addition of 250 g/l sunflower seeds in the medium MYPB was the optimum treatment that can produce 1,379 g/100ml of mycelium and 0,299 g/100ml G. frondosa extracts.

Ganoderma lucidum is polyporus fungi from Basidiomycetes which can be used as traditional medicines. Toxicity test with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) method using Artemia salina was conducted to find out toxic effect of G.lucidum . An extract would have toxic effect if the LC 50 < 1000 µg/ml. The aims of this experiment were to know about the toxicity level from G.lucidum with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) method and determined the concentration of fruiting body extract of G.lucidum which had the best toxicity effect in LC 50 . There were two extraction methods used in this experiment, first one stage extraction and then multilevel extraction with hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Each solvent was made in 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm, and 125 ppm. This process was repeated for three times. This experiment used G.lucidum extract which was tested to A.salina and secunder compound metabolit test from the most toxic G. lucidum was done with phytochemical analysis. The result indicated that fruiting body extract from G.lucidum could kill A.salina because all extract was positively contained alkaloid and terpenoid but negatively contained flavonoid. Fruiting body extract from G.lucidum which had lowest LC 50 wass ethyl asetat extract with one stage extraction in concentration 53,70 ppm and highest LC 50 was ethanol extract with multilevel extraction in concentration 501,18 ppm.