The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of applying the type of organic matter from sugarcane litter and sugarcane stalk waste to the abundance and diversity of ants in the sugarcane ecosystem. The research design was completely randomized (CRD) with three treatments and six replications. Sampling was carried out using the pitfall trap and bait trap (Tuna fish) methods at intervals of once a week for eight weeks. The study’s results found four subfamilies, eight genera, with a total of 22,254 individuals. Ants have the potential to act as predators, including Crematogaster sp., Dolichoderus sp., Odontomachus sp., Pheidole sp., and Solenopsis sp. the rest act as foragers, namely Camponotus sp. Calomyrmex sp. and Tapinoma sp. The analysis of variance showed that P2 had a significant effect on the abundance of individual ants compared to P0 and P1 (F3 12 = 4.463 P > 0.0301). The results of the calculation of the diversity index P0 and P1 included moderate, P2 was low, Evenness index P0, P1, and P2 were moderate, Dominance index P0, P1 was low, and P2 was moderate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]