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A drying technique utilizing solar energy on shredded apples as raw material for apple infusion has a reduced emission risk while also producing high-quality drying products.This study aimed to determine the optimum semi-theoretical mathematical model for drying shredded apples after blanching and non-blanching treatments utilizing three simple mathematical models: Newton, Henderson, Pabis, and Page. The results showed that blanched shredded apples dried using the Convective Solar Drying (CSD) method had the highest rate of decrease in the moisture ratio compared to those dried in the open sun drying (OSD). The three semi-theoretical models examined can be used to forecast the rate of decline in the water content ratio of dry shaved apples in all treatment combinations, as demonstrated by a value of R2 more than 0.9. Based on a comparison of the validity of each semi-theoretical model utilized, Page's model is the best model for characterizing the drying kinetics of shredded apples for both blanching CSD, non-blanching CSD, blanching OSD, and non-blanching OSD drying. The information acquired will be important in selecting an appropriate apple pretreatment handle and drying model for shredded apples.

One of the dried products that commonly used in Indonesia is cabya fruits (Piper retrofractum Vahl.). Cabya fruits usually used as seasoning and folk medicine that have various benefits for health. Solar dryer is an option that can be used as one of post-harvest handling. Drying rate, mathematical modeling of drying curve and physical characteristic as parameters to develop the drying process of cabya fruit using solar dryer have been studied. The effect of water blanching pretreatment also investigated. The final average moisture content of nontreatment and blanching cabya fruit were 9.34±0.56 and 9.70±1.1, respectively. The fruit with blanching pretreatment decrease moisture content faster than nontreatment cabya fruit. The drying rate of cabya fruit decreased with increasing the drying time and reducing the moisture content. Mathematical modelling in this research predicted according to the criteria of statistical parameters, i.e., the greatest of R2 value and the smallest of χ2 and RMSE value. The fittest model in this research was Midilli et. al. Cabya fruit with blanching pretreatment had less shrinkage than nontreatment cabya fruit.

Potentially, production of dried sago starch in Desa Arang Limbung, Sungai Raya, Kubu Raya District can be increased in term of quality and quantity. To achieve these, several problems have to be solved, i.e clean water availability for washing sago starch, washing mechanization to increase production capacity, and drying machine that efficient in operation and investment. Through IbM grant 2017, we have installed water filtration, sago washer, and solar dryer with greenhouse effect concept. Water filtration significantly increase the quality of water for use in washing sago starch and resulted in improved quality of sago starch. Mechanization of sago washing process and implementation of greenhouse effect dryer have increase capacity and efficiency of sago starch production. Generally, the introduced technology has been supported and accepted by stakeholder in Desa Arang Limbung. Further, the technology may support government policy in accelaration of food consumption diversity based on local resources.

Abstrak. Ubi kayu merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung karbohidrat. Ubi kayu dapat dikeringkan untuk mendapatkan produk olahan contohnya pembuatan tepung dan gaplek. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan modifikasi pengering surya dengan menambahkan kincir angin savonius sebagai penggerak kipas pada pengering tersebut yang bertujuan untuk memaksimalkan sirkulasi udara didalam ruang pengering. Parameter yang dilakukan diantaranya pengukuran kecepatan udara, distribusi temperatur, kelembaban relatif, iradiasi surya dan pengukuran kadar air. Dengan penambahan kincir angin savonius, kecepatan udara di dalam pengering surya lebih stabil bila dibandingkan dengan kecepatan udara di lingkungan. Temperatur di dalam ruang pengering lebih tinggi dari pada temperatur lingkungan, sedangkan kelembaban relatif di dalam pengering lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan di lingkungan. Hal ini menyebabkan proses pengeringan berlangsung cepat. Nilai iradiasi surya yang didapat berfluktuasi. Iradiasi tertinggi diperoleh pada hari kedua penelitian yaitu 595 W/m2. Kadar air awal ubi kayu yaitu 61,7 %. Kadar air akhir yang diperoleh rak A5 yaitu sebesar 11,7% dan rak B1 yaitu sebesar 12,9% sudah mendekati kadar air yang diharapkan untuk pembuatan tepung yaitu 12%. Performance of Solar Dryer by Using Savonius Windmill for Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Drying Abstract. Cassava is one of the plants that contain carbohydrates. Cassava can be dried to produce processed products such as cassava flour and “gaplek”. In this research, the solar dryer was modified by adding a savonius windmill as fan drive which aims to maximize the air circulation inside the drying chamber. The observed parameters include air velocity, the distribution of temperature, relative humidity, solar irradiation and the water content. The addition of savonius windmill caused the air velocity in the solar dryer was more stable when compared to the speed of the air in the environment. Moreover, the temperature in the drying chamber was higher than the ambient temperature, while the relative humidity in the dryer was lower than in the environment. As a result, it caused rapid drying process. Solar irradiation values obtained fluctuate. The highest irradiation was obtained on the second day of the study (595 W / m2). The moisture content of the cassava decreased from 61.7% to 11.7% (at A5 rack) and 12.9% (at B1 rack). Those values was approaching the expected flour water content (12% ).