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Anaphylaxis is a systemic hypersensitivity reaction involving multiple organs, one or more airways, breathing, or circulation problems. Anaphylaxis is potentially life-threatening and must be recognized, managed, and prevented by all healthcare professionals. Management of anaphylactic reactions needs to be done quickly and precisely to reduce the risk of mortality in patients. Intramuscular administration of epinephrine is the first-line therapy for anaphylactic reactions. Patients must recognize and avoid the allergens that precipitate anaphylactic reactions to prevent anaphylactic recurrence in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversity of products in a company makes the process of cleaning production areas important to prevent cross contamination. Cleaning in Place (CIP) is a method to clean product residues from production equipment automatically without the need to disassemble the machine. This study aims to determine the required minimum time for the CIP drying process to dry the production equipment. The experiment was done by testing the treatment based on changes in compressed air, drying, and cooling process time. Cleaning verification was done by examining visual inspection and test for detection of microbial contamination, allergens and ATP. The results showed that reducing the CIP processing time can be done by minimizing the drying time. The best treatment resulted in the treatment with compressed air 300 s, drying 900 s and cooling 900 s. This can be seen from the 3 repetitions, the results obtained by examining the overall appearance of the surface in the tote bin are clean and dry. In addition, changes in the time parameter did not affect the cleaning process of residues on the surface of the tote bin, which was shown in the results of testing for detection of microbial contamination, allergens and ATP.

Latar belakang. Penyakit alergi pada anak diperkirakan meningkat seiring dengan pola kehidupan yang berhubungan dengan pengaruh lingkungan, yaitu paparan alergen. Kadang-kadang paparan alergen tidak diketahui tetapi anak datang dengan manifestasi penyakit alergi. Identifikasi alergen yang memicu munculnya penyakit alergi merupakan hal yang penting dan dapat dijadikan salah satu strategi untuk preventif. Tujuan. Membuktikan hubungan paparan alergen terhadap timbulnya penyakit alergi pada anak. Metode. Penelitian observasional dengan desain belah lintang. Subyek adalah semua pasien anak berumur 2 tahun hingga 14 tahun dengan manifestasi alergi berupa dermatitis atopi, rinitis alergi, konjungtivitis alergi, dan asma. Subjek berasal dari Poliklinik Umum Anak, Paru Anak, Telinga-Hidung-Tenggorok, Kulit- Kelamin, dan Mata RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Periode penelitian Agustus 2000 hingga Januari 2001. Orangtua subjek diminta mengisi kuesioner. Dilakukan uji tusuk kulit (skin prick test) untuk konfirmasi alergen berupa aeroalergen dan alergen makanan. Analisis statistik menggunakan chi-square. Hasil. Subyek 44 anak dengan alergi, terdiri dari 63,6% rinitis alergi, 25% asma, 34,1% dermatitis atopi, dan 2,3% konjungtivitis alergi. Rasio perempuan : laki-laki = 1,2:1. Uji tusuk kulit positif pada 45,5% kasus. Hasil aeroalergen berupa debu rumah (75,0%), mite culture (70,0%), human dander (70,0%), kecoa (65,0%), animal dander (25%), pollen (10%), fungi (5%). Alergen makanan berupa makanan laut (30,0%), telur (5%), dan 5% coklat. Terdapat hasil positif beberapa paparan alergen. Didapatkan paparan tanaman dalam rumah sebagai penyebab dermatitis atopi (p=0,008). Kasus asma 90,9% menunjukkan hasil uji tusuk kulit positif (p=0,001). Kesimpulan. Aeroalergen merupakan alergen yang paling banyak dijumpai pada anak dengan penyakit alergi.