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Microplastics found in drainage channels are a significant contributor to river pollution. Among the potential contributors to this issue are industrial activities. In this investigation, we focused on assessing the occurrence of microplastics within the Surabaya Industrial Estate Rungkut (SIER) industrial area, which discharges into the Tambakoso River in East Java, Indonesia. Surface water tests were obtained from 19 particular focuses. The extraction of microplastics included filtration, wet peroxide oxidation, and density separation techniques. Recognizable proof of polymers was accomplished utilizing Fourier change infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was conducted employing the Ward cluster test method within the IBM SPSS Statistics software. The findings revealed a gradual increase in the abundance of MPs from upstream to downstream locations, with the highest concentration observed at point 19 (548.33 particles/L). The majority of microplastics were characterized by their small size (

A study was conducted on the Katingan tidal lowland area with hydro-topography A and B. The lowland area has good irrigation capability but low drainage capability, resulting in excessive inundation. This study aims to enhance drainage capability and control water levels in rice fields. HEC-RAS is used to model the hydrodynamics of canals and rice fields. There are three scenarios for improving the water system, namely embankments (1), embankments and pipes (2), and embankments, pipes, and gates (3). In the normalized canals, inundation in the middle of the rice field is more than 35 cm and continuous inundation. This is due to the low elevation of the middle area, which results in low drainage capability. The embankment (1) prevents the tide from overflowing into the rice fields, but the rice fields are deficient in water. Embankments and pipes (2) can fulfill the water need for irrigation but not increase drainage capability. Embankments, pipes, and gates (3) can maintain irrigation capability and improve drainage capability. The water level can be maintained at 7-10 cm at land elevation +3.40 m, but land with elevation +3.50 m has a water deficiency. The third scenario is the most appropriate for controlling water levels in rice fields. Water system improvement in tidal lowlands must be considered to avoid water deficiency. Drought in tidal lowlands causes pyrite to oxidize, leading to increased soil acidity. Therefore, irrigation capability must be maintained to improve the water system on land with hydro-topography A and B.

Establishing and maintaining hydrometeorological networks in sub-watersheds is challenging. An analysis of an established network of Rain Gauge Station (RGS) is provided in this study in the form of a comprehensive statistical framework. Hydrometeorological observations are monitored by this network, which aims to gather the most pertinent information while minimizing expenditures. The study location is at Ngasinan Hulu watershed (East Java, Indonesia), with ten rain gauge stations and one automatic water level recorder (AWLR). Errors in reviewing hydrological data in a watershed can cause the resulting data to be inaccurate. Therefore, to solve the problem of incorrect data, it is necessary to rationalize rain gauge stations. The rationalization for this study uses the Stepwise method. The results of the Stepwise-Enter method produce a combination of six rain gauge stations with measured rainfall data and a combination of four rain gauge stations with CHIRPS satellite rainfall data. Therefore, this combination of rain gauge stations is rational because it meets the classical assumption test, and the area is evenly distributed according to WMO standards.

The increasing demand for drinking water due to population growth presents significant challenges for the Among Tirto Water Utility (ATWU) in Batu City, East Java, Indonesia. In 2022, ATWU faced low service coverage (36%) and high water loss (38%), exceeding the 20% threshold. Some previous research discusses the System Dynamics (SD) used to overcome the water shortage problem. In this study, the SD is used to overcome excess water. Therefore, This study aims to enhance efficiency by adding piping networks and controlling water losses. This research uses an SD approach method that includes simulations from 2017 to 2042 or for 25 years using the Powersim application. Methodologies include analyzing drinking water availability, constructing causal loop diagrams (CLD) and stock and flow diagrams (SFD), verification, validation, and designing policy scenarios. The required data are the number of customers, service coverage, actual production capacity, water loss, total community water consumption, business revenue, business expenses, and other data related to water management in ATWU. The study identifies Scenario Two as the most effective in addressing location-specific issues. If water loss control is implemented to reduce loss rates to 20%, ATWU could expand service coverage by 58.44%, increasing water availability and a projected profit of 3.6 billion rupiahs by 2042. The results of this study can improve operational efficiency and facilitate better decision-making for the Water Utility of Batu City.

The Lapindo mud phenomenon has been going on for 17 years, causing damage to the land and subsurface geological structures which raises concerns about reducing groundwater quality. This research aims to determine groundwater flow patterns based on surface contours around the Porong River which were analyzed using Surfer 13 software, and understand the relationship between groundwater and surface water through physical properties with correlation coefficients using Rstudio, as well as to identify the chemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater using the Trilinear Piper Diagram. Based on the research results, the groundwater flow pattern moves from northeast to southwest, and there is interaction between the two as indicated by the physical properties of the water. The correlation coefficient value ranges from 0.615 to 0.997, meaning that the relationship between groundwater and surface water is moderate to strong. Both groundwater and surface water have the same chemical type, namely mostly containing alkaline earth and weak acids. In addition, this research reveals the exploration of the impact of heavy metal parameters, namely Copper (Cu), from the Lapindo mud in the Porong River and residents' dug wells. In conclusion, this research shows the interaction between groundwater and surface water in the Porong River.

This study aims to determine the availability of Tilong Reservoir inflow related to climate change. Water availability can be seen from the high inflow into the reservoir, obtained using the Mock model to simulate the inflow. The modeling results using the Mock model in the historical period are then compared with the results of future projections using GCM CanESM2 data from SSP119 to SSP585 scenarios. The historical period is modeled using rainfall from 2000 to 2019, while the projection period is divided into two periods, namely the 2030s (2020-2039) and 2050s (2040-2059). The projection results show that the highest increase in rainfall will occur in the SSP245 scenario for the 2030s and 2050s. The highest increase in future rainfall occurs in June, while the highest decrease occurs in August. With the increase in rainfall, there will also be an increase in inflow into the Tilong Reservoir, especially in December, which is more than 100% for each SSP scenario. In addition, an increase in water availability can also be seen by an increase in the dependable discharge, especially at SPP245, where there was an increase in the highest dependable discharge of 64.23% in the 2030s and 76.80 in the 2050s. The increase in dependable discharge is seen to positively impact the water availability of the Tilong Reservoir. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the reservoir’s operational pattern so that the existing water can be used optimally.

This study aimed to develop strategies to improve clean water distribution services in Bumdes Sumbertlaseh Village because the distribution of clean water in the village is not optimized. The analysis used the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis to formulate a strategy for enhancing clean water distribution services in the village. Within the SWOT analysis framework, the satisfaction level is represented by values ranging from 1 to 4, with 1 indicating low satisfaction and 4 indicating high satisfaction. The SWOT analysis concluded that clean water distribution services were in quadrant V. The appropriate strategy in this situation was market penetration and product development. In market penetration, Bumdes Sumbertlaseh Village could implement strategies such as providing additional services or enhancing the quality of existing services to retain and attract new customers. Meanwhile, in product development, Bumdes Sumbertlaseh Village could implement strategies such as constructing new pipeline networks, expanding existing networks to cover unreached areas, or improving the reliability and efficiency of existing distribution systems.

The UB Forest Buntoro area is a biodiversity conservation zone that has the potential to be developed into a tourist forest, so it is planned to build a drainage channel in each section of the road to overcome the runoff that occurs. This research aims to describe an example of the application of BIM in construction planning for drainage channels. In this study, drainage channel planning was done using AutoCAD Civil 3D and Storm and Sanitary Analysis (SSA) software. The AutoCAD Civil 3D application is used to create a road route for which drainage channels are planned, and the SSA is used to analyze the hydrology and hydraulics of the drainage channel. Based on Building Information Modeling findings, the optimal drainage channel design yielded channel dimensions of 0.4 m × 0.4 m. The main channels (RC (Right Channel) and LC (Left Channel)) are planned to use gabion material, while the culverts are planned to use u-ditch material and a construction planning cost of 1.571.818.500,00 IDR. This study intends to give an example of how Building Information Modeling (BIM) is applied in Indonesia, particularly in the area of water resources. It does this by utilizing AutoCAD Civil 3D and SSA programs to design drainage channels.

Currently, Batu City is experiencing rapid development both in terms of population and the amount of land building. Where development is uncontrolled and not balanced by reasonable conservation efforts, it will cause water resource problems such as flooding. So, it is necessary to understand flow patterns better as an actual effort in effective water management and flood hazard mitigation. This study aims to obtain a map of flood-prone areas in the Brantas sub-watershed upstream of Batu City. The primary methodology adopted in this research entails the examination of surface runoff through the utilization of the ArcSWAT program, followed by the analysis of pertinent parameters, including rainfall, land use, soil type, land slope, river density, and surface runoff. Then, scoring and weighting are done before overlaying each parameter to get a flood vulnerability map at the research location. The results of this study indicate that the mapping of flood-prone areas at the most significant research location is at a high level of flood vulnerability of 78.31 km2 or 52.22% of the total area of the watershed.

This research confronts the pressing challenge of escalating clean water demand in Bandung, a dynamically expanding metropolitan city in Indonesia's West Java Province. Drawing on secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics and other relevant literature, the study leverages Microsoft Excel to perform a dual analysis: forecasting population growth and calculating future water demand through 2032. A pivotal outcome reveals that the existing water supply infrastructure in Bandung will be woefully insufficient to meet the exponentially growing clean water requirements. Uniquely, this study employs multiple forecasting methodologies, adding depth and reliability to the projections. It there by offers new, essential insights into the quantifiable volume of water that will be needed to sustain future urban development. The research argues that current supply-focused water management strategies are inherently flawed and calls for an immediate paradigm shift toward demand-side management to mitigate the impending water crisis. Specific recommendations include the incorporation of alternative water sources such as rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge. Moreover, the study emphasizes the need for rapid governmental action, including policy revision and public education campaigns, to ensure water sustainability. This research stands as a critical resource for policymakers, urban planners, and water management experts aiming to bridge the looming water supply-demand gap in Bandung.

The Sub-watershed of Sampean Hulu, located on the slopes of Mount Raung is susceptible to erosion hazards. Erosion indicators have been observed in the irrigation channels, mainly due to frequent sedimentation, which compromises the irrigation infrastructure's optimization and water distribution. To address this, erosion monitoring using the Universal Soil Loss Erosion (USLE) model, along with GIS and remote sensing techniques, is essential. It was found that the irrigation networks associated with Clangap and Tamanan rain gauges are at higher risk due to intense rainfall. Maesan and Wonosari II rain gauges cover a larger irrigation network area, highlighting the need for erosion prevention measures. The dominant soil type, Tv, with a high clay content, is highly susceptible to erosion. Flat and gently sloping slopes have a lower risk compared to steeper slopes, while very steep and steep slopes pose higher erosion risks. Paddy fields and well-managed forest plantations have lower erosion hazards, while bare land and certain agricultural practices contribute to increased erosion risks. The analysis classified the erosion hazard into five classes, with the sub-watershed being predominantly low and very low susceptible to soil erosion. Implementing conservation practices, sustainable land management, and land use regulations are crucial for erosion prevention.

Raknamo Irrigation area (1323 ha) has problems with water availability, especially during the dry season, which causes a decrease in the productivity of the agricultural products from local communities. This is due to the suboptimal water distribution system in the Raknamo Reservoir. This study aims to analyze and optimize water distribution in the Raknamo Reservoir to obtain the most optimal water distribution to fulfill agricultural land's water needs in various seasons. Optimization analysis is carried out using a deterministic dynamic program. With this program, a complex and large-scale problem can be dispart into several small parts (decomposition), which are then optimized. Based on the analysis results, the maximum profit that can be obtained from the cropping intensity is 16% in the normal season. Meanwhile, the highest increase of the land area is 218.64 ha. It is worth noting that this study uses a deterministic dynamic program for optimization analysis to dispose of the complex problem into smaller, manageable parts. This approach facilitates a more systematic and comprehensive analysis and provides a framework for future decision-making processes related to water management and agricultural planning. The study's methodology and findings can serve as a valuable reference for similar water-related challenges in other irrigation areas, thereby contributing to the broader agricultural research and sustainable water resource management field.

Water offers many advantages that are essential for the preservation of human existence. Excessive quantities of water, such as flooding, can negatively impact human beings. The land utilization within a watershed (drainage area) plays a crucial role in the frequency and impact of flooding events. Instances of land use changes that resulted in flooding happened in the Bang Sub-watershed, located in Malang Regency. A comprehensive and up-to-date examination of flood management solutions is required. This study seeks to offer technical suggestions for flood management in the Bang Sub-watershed due to land-use alterations, utilizing the HEC-RAS software. Integrated treatment solutions are provided to mitigate the potential damage caused by future flooding. The flood simulation yielded recommendations for mitigating the impact of future floods. These recommendations include the construction of a retarding basin in the upper part of the river with a capacity of 1.4 million m3, as well as the construction of a 654 m long river embankment that is 50 cm. The alteration of the land leads to a decrease in the cross-sectional capacity of the river at the mouth of the Bang River, resulting in annual flooding occurrences. A non-technical approach to enhance the quality of the watershed is implementing reforestation measures to decrease the runoff coefficient.

This study aims to show that the Curve Number (CN) method can represent the relationship between rainfall runoff in the Temef Watershed, an area of ​​East Nusa Tenggara. The method used in this study was quantitative analysis by linking watershed characteristics such as soil, vegetation, and land use with the CN curve number, which shows the potential flow for a certain rainfall. CN data were re-analyzed using a computer program to obtain actual field conditions, which were then classified to obtain land cover quality, soil type, CN value, and Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC) value for the Temef Watershed. Based on the study's results, it was found that the Temef Watershed was dominated by secondary dry land forest cover, which ranged from 28.50-52.00%. The lithological texture of rocks in the Temef Watershed is dominated by conglomerate and gravel with a gradation rate from medium to high; sandy marl, sandstone, tuft, and dacite of medium to a high gradation; and scaly clay with very low to low gradation. The CN value is 69.45, classified as medium gradation at normal soil moisture levels. The benefits of this result include the practical application of the CN method, the provision of accurate field conditions through re-analysis, insights into dominant land cover and lithological texture, and the establishment of CN values for effective water resource management.

The Kalimas River, managed by the Surabaya City Government for both eco-tourism and as a crucial water source for the Kalimas River basin residents, undergoes comprehensive examination in this study. The objectives encompass assessing water quality status, mapping its distribution, and forecasting waste discharge. Employing the Pollution Index and Water Quality Index methods, findings indicate that, according to the Polluter Index, the water quality predominantly falls within the lightly polluted category, ranging from 76.19% to 90.48%. Conversely, the NSF-WQI method portrays a more concerning picture, categorizing the Kalimas River’s water quality as heavily polluted within the same percentage range. As of 2021, the existing waste discharge stands at 0.392m3/s, serving a population of 233,563 people. Mapping results highlight a general trend of good water quality downstream, with the Upper Kalimas experiencing more compromised conditions. These revelations underscore the critical need for strategic interventions and environmentally conscious policies to address escalating pollution concerns. Ensuring the sustainability of the Kalimas River, pivotal as both a tourist attraction and vital water source, requires concerted efforts in pollution mitigation and water quality management. This study serves as a valuable foundation for informed decision-making in the pursuit of a healthier and more sustainable Kalimas River ecosystem.

The major floods that occurred in 2022 in Lhoksukon, North Aceh, Indonesia, had a severe impact on infrastructure damage and loss of life, making it necessary to analyze and predict its impact. In this regard, digital methods can effectively analyze and predict the impact of such natural disasters. The digital method is processing digital data through software to produce the desired information. Based on the results of the digital analysis, it has been found that the flood discharge in the Lhoksukon area of North Aceh is around 1848 m3/second with a flow velocity of about 3.484 m/second. This high flow velocity can cause significant damage to the infrastructure in the affected areas. The flood height in the river area ranges from 9.545 m from the riverbed, which is a cause for concern. The increase in water level will cause an expansion of the inundation area in the river area, which can lead to further damage. Therefore, the results of this study can be used to develop effective flood mitigation strategies and infrastructure planning in the affected areas. Additionally, the study's findings can be used to develop early warning systems to alert people in the affected areas to evacuate before the floods reach dangerous levels.

Controlling the concentration of Cr(VI) in industrial wastewater is imperative to adhere to environmental quality standards and mitigate the risk of polluting river waters, ensuring the safety of living organisms and public health. Acacia wood charcoal and coconut shell charcoal have emerged as effective adsorbents capable of reducing Cr(VI) levels. This research seeks to identify the optimal adsorption pH and evaluate the impact of initial adsorbate concentration on Cr(VI) removal, comparing the efficacy of acacia wood charcoal and coconut shell charcoal. The study systematically manipulated process variables, encompassing 2, 4, and 6 pH levels and adsorbate concentrations of 30, 40, and 50 ppm. Charcoal characterization techniques, such as XRF, FTIR, and SNI, were employed alongside analyzing Cr(VI) levels utilizing UV-visible spectrophotometry. Results elucidated that coconut shell charcoal exhibited a higher percentage removal of Cr(VI) at concentrations of 30% (41%), 40% (38%), and 50 ppm (31%), outperforming acacia wood charcoal, which displayed removal percentages of 16%, 14%, and 7%, respectively. Consequently, the research underscores the superior efficacy of coconut shell charcoal in Cr(VI) removal compared to acacia wood charcoal under the specified conditions. The findings contribute valuable insights to optimizing adsorption processes for industrial wastewater treatment, promoting sustainable practices and environmental stewardship.

The tsunami of June 3, 1994, which originated from a shift in the Indo-Australia plate, resulted in hundreds of casualties and material damage on the south coast of Jember. This study aims to understand the tidal impact of a tsunami in terms of arrival time and wave height. Several simulations of the interaction of tidal waves with tsunami waves were carried out through numerical modeling using Delft3D with modified wave characteristics from the Banyuwangi tsunami on June 3, 1994, as well as using bathymetry data from BATNAS and BIG tide data. The results of the analysis show that tidal waves can be a factor affecting the height of the tsunami waves. The increase in the amplitude of the tsunami waves was considered very local from the three observation points. This is shown at the observation locations of Puger Beach and Watu Ulo Beach, where the maximum wave amplitude occurs when the tsunami occurs independently of 7.102 m and 5.56 m, while at the Tanjung Pelindu observation location, the highest amplitude occurs when the tsunami meets the tides during low tide phase, which is 3.68 m. This research is expected to provide a basic understanding of the dynamic impact of the tidal wave when a tsunami occurs.

Road damage in the UB Forest Sumberwangi Area, Karangploso District, Malang Regency, is one of the harmful impacts of the drainage system. This study aims to analyze an accurate and efficient drainage system by applying modern methods, namely Building Information Modeling (BIM). By using BIM, the analysis of drainage work becomes faster and more accessible than with conventional methods. BIM is beneficial in building and analyzing drainage network data quickly and effectively and can help expand it to provide more accurate results. BIM can integrate models based on technical data and simulate development information into a three-dimensional model. BIM is used to perform 3D modeling of drainage channels using Autodesk Civil 3D, as well as analyzing channels from both hydrology and hydraulics with Storm and Sanitary Analysis (SSA). After calculating the design for a 5-year return period rainfall, channel dimensions of 50 x 50 cm and 30 x 30 cm were obtained. Based on the hydraulic analysis, it is known that several points have velocities that exceed the maximum velocity for the concrete surface (v < 3 m/s), so it is necessary to build a drop structure with h = 1 m. The quantity take off and the volume are calculated by Civil 3D for cut and fill work 7824.07 m3 and 1389.79 m3, respectively.

The construction of a check dam is proposed as a solution to address multiple environmental challenges in the upstream region of a river. Primarily, the focus is on erosion control, the deceleration of debris flow, and the prevention of sedimentation. The strategic implementation of this plan encompasses a range of methodologies, including topographical measurements, geotechnical testing, hydrological analysis, hydraulics analysis, and the meticulous development of a budget plan for the actual construction of the check dam. Within the study area, sedimentation issues stem from a debris flow characterized by a sediment discharge rate of 0.657 m3/s. This phenomenon coincides with a significant 25-year return period flood discharge of 9.134 m3/s. The proposed check dam emerges as a crucial intervention capable of effectively mitigating the situation for approximately 1 hour and 13 minutes, providing a targeted response to the persisting debris flow. To execute this plan, an estimated budget of IDR 460,859,000 has been projected. This financial allocation encompasses the expenses associated with topographical measurements, geotechnical testing, hydrological and hydraulics analyses, as well as the actual construction of the check dam. Overall, the proposed check dam stands as a multifaceted solution designed to harmonize environmental conservation with sustainable water resource management.

The main occupation of residents who live in Abab Sub-Watershed, Blitar Regency, is as farmers in agriculture and plantations. Agriculture and plantations need rain data that have been calculated to maximize the yields to be obtained. Hydrometeorological disasters, specifically floods, often occur at this location. Therefore, research is needed on calculating design rainfall, outlined in easy-to-understand isohyet maps. The research aims to assist the planning of water structures or other hydrological research without having to recalculate or retest data from the beginning. This study's utilized return periods were 2, 5, 10, and 25 years, plotted as isohyet maps. Before calculating the design rainfall, the rainfall data had to be tested first. Calculation of design rainfall used SMADA Distrib 2.13 application and was tested with the distribution suitability test. The results of the distribution suitability test showed that Log Normal is appropriate to be used. The results of plotting the design rainfall on an isohyet map using the IDW, Kriging, and Spline methods showed that the IDW and Spline maps are smoother and not as broken as Kriging. Next, a comparative analysis of RMSE and NSE was carried out. For return periods of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years, IDW has the smallest RMSE mean value of 0.016 and the highest NSE average value of 0.9999.

A reservoir is a place to store river water formed by the construction of a dam. The main problem of reduced water quality for Selorejo Reservoir is caused by the inflow of water from livestock, agricultural, and household wastes containing high amounts of nitrates and phosphates. The objective of this study is to determine the water quality status of Selorejo Reservoir using the DOE-WQI, Pollution Index, DWQI, Ved Prakash Index, and Prati Index methods; to find out the distribution of characteristics for water quality status using the IDW method and to find out the capacity of water pollution load for Selorejo Reservoir using Total-P. The research showed that the characteristics of water contamination for Selorejo Reservoir in 6 years indicate light pollution. Through the DWQI method, the contamination percentage became smaller downstream, while the DOE-WQI, Pollution Index, Ved Prakash Index, and Prati Index methods showed the opposite results. Total-P levels in the 2021 dry season were 42.475 mg/m3 (upstream), 35.767 mg/m3 (middle), and 37.567 mg/m3 (downstream). The pollution load capacity is 71.77 mg/m3 (upstream), 80.14 mg/m3 (middle), and 77.9 mg/m3 (downstream). It can thus be said that Selorejo Reservoir is still within the maximum reservoir pollution load limit.

Selorejo Reservoir is used for flood control activities, hydropower, agricultural irrigation, fisheries, and tourism. In 2021, the water quality of Selorejo Reservoir worsened, which was indicated by fish mortality and an increase of water lettuce plants; the decline in water quality of Selorejo Reservoir may be due to agricultural and farming waste that was carried by surface runoff and entered the reservoir. This study was conducted to determine the status of water quality in Selorejo Reservoir using the Pollution Index, Oregon-WQI, CCME-WQI, and NFS-WQI methods in the dry season based on the parameters of pH, BOD, COD, DO, TSS, Nitrates, Ammonia, Phosphate, and fecal coliform. Based on the Pollution Index method, the water quality was in the "Slightly Polluted" condition. The Oregon-WQI method indicated the "Severely Polluted" condition. The CCME-WQI method indicated the "Good" condition. The NSF-WQI method indicated the "Fair" condition. The trophic status of Selorejo Reservoir was found to be eutrophic, with high levels of phosphorus. Calculation of the pollution carrying capacity based on the Total-P of the dry season in 2021 showed that the upstream, middle, and downstream parts of the reservoir are respectively able to accommodate 71.77 mg/m3, 80.14 mg/m3, and 77.90 mg/m3.

Tsunami risk level mapping was carried out in Ambulu Sub-District, Jember Regency, to determine the tsunami risk level in the area. Tsunami risk mapping was carried out by including several components such as vulnerability, which consists of several assessment aspects by the Chief of the National Disaster Management Agency Regulation of the Year 2012, and capacity, which is weighted according to the Chief of the National Disaster Management Agency Regulation of the Year 2012. The hazard component was generated from the bathtub method. The tsunami risk level was obtained after overlaying using a GIS application (Geographic Information System). A very high level of risk is found to apply for Sumberejo Village, with an area of 286 Ha, and Sabrang Village, with an area of 288 Ha. Villages at very high risk are directly adjacent to the coast and have high vulnerability and low disaster management capacity. The other villages, such as Karanganyar Village, Ambulu Village, Tegalsari Village, Andongsari Village, and Pontang Village, do not have a very high tsunami risk because they are far from the coastline and have low vulnerability and high disaster response capacity.

Malaka Regency as an agricultural area does not yet have good irrigation asset maintenance management as a supporter of success in the agricultural sector. The obstacle faced in dealing with damage to irrigation assets is the difficulty in determining maintenance priorities due to the government's limited budget. It causes maintenance activities to be carried out in the stage. This study aimed to assess the physical condition of assets, asset functioning, service areas, maintenance costs, and maintenance priorities. The handling solution is carried out by developing a strategy for developing the Weliman irrigation area using a SWOT analysis. In the research results, the irrigation assets prioritized for maintenance are right secondary channel 1, left primary channel 5, distribution structure 3, left primary channel 3, left primary channel 4, distribution structure 4, primary channel left 2, and distribution structure 2. The results of the SWOT analysis, the recommended strategy is the Growth strategy, namely, maximizing the strengths owned to take advantage of existing opportunities.

Bondowoso Regency is declared to be at high risk for the threat of drought based on the IRBI map of the National Disaster Management Agency in 2020. This study aims to assess drought disasters based on ENSO and NOAA data. The proposed method for rainfall modeling was Statistical Downscaling (SD) using the Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN), for which the output models were used for drought assessment using the EDI. The reliability test of the rainfall model is to compare the rainfall model with the observed rainfall. The reliability test of the EDI is to compare the results of the EDI analysis from the input rain model data with the observed rainfall data. ANN modeling results showed that monthly rainfall predictions are better. This is indicated by the R2 monthly, and 10-day base values of 0.97 and 0.83, respectively, with RMSE values of 0.05 and 0.07, and the best modeling in EDI analysis was R2 0.88 and 0.63 with RMSE 0.35 and 0.65. Based on the results of this study, it is shown that drought disaster assessment based on ENSO and NOAA climate data can be used as an alternative to support the decision-making system for drought mitigation.

The southern region of East Java is located on the Indo-Australian plate. The shifting of these plates allows for earthquakes that trigger tsunamis to occur. The earthquake leads to the impact of a tsunami in several areas, one of which is Puger Sub-District, Jember Regency. The main economic activity of the Puger Sub-District is the fishery; hence significant local coastal communities are vulnerable to tsunami threats. This study aims to map the tsunami risk using a Geographic Information System. The tsunami hazard map used the analysis of the tsunami inundation map from the BMKG. Vulnerability and capacity maps were prepared based on BNPB Chief Regulations. Vulnerability is evaluated based on social, physical, environmental, and economic data. Capacity considers components of the institution, early warning and risk analysis or evaluation, disaster awareness education, reduction of basic risk, and preparedness. The hazard, vulnerability, and capacity maps are classified into five classes. The tsunami risk map is then derived by overlaying the three input maps. Results showed that the villages with very high risk are Puger Kulon and Mojosari at the coastal front areas, covering an area of 13.01% of the total regional area of the Puger Sub-District.

Water is one of the main elements that rice plants require to grow and develop. The problem related to agricultural land is the shift in the function of agricultural land to become non-agricultural land due to competition in water usage. The water footprint approach can assess the amount of water required for production or yields. This study aims to analyze the water footprint value of rice cultivation with various treatments of irrigations. The research was conducted at the Kinjiro Farm Greenhouse, Gunung Batu, Bogor, West Java from March to July 2022. There were three treatments of irrigation systems based on water level, flooded irrigation (IT) with the water level above the soil surface, wet irrigation (IB) with the water level parallel to the soil surface, and dry irrigation (IK) with the water level below the soil surface. The total water footprint obtained for all treatments during rice cultivation activities was 9.73 m3/kg. The water footprint values ​​of IT, IB, and IK were 1.92 m3/kg, 1.66 m3/kg, and 6.14 m3/kg, respectively. IB had the largest water productivity of 0.60 kg/m3. Wet irrigation (IB) had the highest growth of rice plants based on the parameters of average growth of rice plant height, number of leaves, rice tillers, productive tillers, and rice panicles. Therefore, wet irrigation (IB) is the most optimal irrigation system for rice cultivation in a greenhouse.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data curah hujan dari TRMM dan pos hujan yang dapat dipakai pada analisis hidrologi. Analisis ini dilakukan pada 24 data pos hujan yang dikunci oleh grid TRMM dengan resolusi 0,25° x 0,25°. Dalam setiap grid TRMM terdapat minimal 1 data pos hujan sehingga berdasarkan persebarannya pada penelitian ini terdapat 8 grid TRMM. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah nilai koefisien korelasi pada basis hujan bulanan sebesar 0,3218 – 0,9351. Nilai RMSE pada basis hujan bulanan sebesar 69,46 – 856,25. Nilai error pada basis hujan harian maksimum tahunan (HHMT) sebesar 0,0597 – 1,1138. Nilai error pada basis hujan harian sebesar 0,0023 – 0,0321. Data curah hujan yang lolos uji karakteristik hujan rencana ialah data yang memiliki nilai R100/R2 antara 1,5–3,4 serta grafik lengkung faktor pertumbuhannya memiliki trend yang relatif sama dengan data hujan lainnya. Data satelit yang lolos uji karakteristik hujan rencana ialah yakni TRMM I, II, III, IV, V, VI dan VIII. Pos hujan yang lolos uji karakteristik hujan rencana yakni Nifukani, Nule, Kesetnana, Oinlasi, Tilong, Lasiana, Penfui, Tarus, Oeletsala, Naibonat, Tubutesbatan, Raknamo, Camplong, Batuliti, dan Baun.

Di Indonesia terdapat pemodelan ketersediaan air seperti metode Nreca, Tanki, Mock maupun Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan kalibrasi model hujan-aliran menggunakan model Mock pada beberapa Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) di Wilayah Sungai (WS) Lombok yang memiliki stasiun Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR). Hal ini dikarenakan model Mock sangat cocok untuk kalibrasi model rain run di WS Lombok yang memiliki sungai dengan tipe perennial. Penelitian ini melakukan analisis menggunakan model rain run Mock dengan input berupa data curah hujan, data evaporasi, data debit, dan data fisik DAS. Kalibrasi model Mock pada 19 stasiun AWLR dalam WS Lombok mendapatkan hasil 11 stasiun AWLR memiliki korelasi ≥ 70% yang menunjukan korelasi tinggi atau memiliki hubungan yang sangat erat antar variabel dan 8 stasiun AWLR memiliki korelasi antara ≥ 40% dan < 70% yang menunjukan korelasi sedang atau memiliki hubungan cukup erat antar variabel. Sedangkan terdapat 10 stasiun AWLR yang memiliki error ≤ 30% dan 9 stasiun yang memiliki error > 30%. Beberapa error yang tinggi pada kalibrasi disebabkan oleh adanya AWLR yang memiliki pengurangan debit dalam daerah tangkapan air dimana terdapat bangunan pengambilan air (bendung, embung maupun bendungan) yang disadap melalui sungai.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji gerusan (erosi) dan sedimentasi (deposisi) di saluran utama Jakabaring Sport City (JSC) yang berada di Sub-DTA (Daerah Tangkapan Air) Jakabaring. Metode penelitian yang dipakai dalam kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan model fisik aliran 2-Dimensi (2-D) dengan saluran standar (standard flume) yang ada di laboratorium Hidrolika Fakultas Teknik Universitas Bina Darma Palembang. Data hasil penelitian di analisis dimensi dengan metode Langhaar untuk mendapatkan hubungan antara variabel terkait tersebut untuk mendapatkan parameter tak berdimensi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kedalaman gerusan (de) maksimum sebesar 0,9 cm terjadi pada waktu “running test” selama 5 menit di model dengan nilai R2=0,887 atau R=0,7867 berarti 78,67% kedalaman gerusan (erosi) yang terjadi dipengaruhi oleh faktor waktu (t), jarak (x), dan kecepatan aliran (v). Sedangkan besarnya sedimentasi (deposisi) maksimum sebesar 0,5 cm terjadi pada waktu “running test” selama 5 menit di model dengan nilai R2=0,805 atau R=0,6480 artinya terdapat 64,80% sedimentasi (deposisi) dipengaruhi oleh faktor waktu (t), jarak (x), dan kecepatan aliran (v).

Zona Air Minum Prima (ZAMP) Silaing Bawah Kota Padang Panjang memiliki 2 (dua) pipa jaringan distribusi yaitu DMA 01 dan DMA 02. Untuk menentukan performa DMA maka dilakukan analisis Non Revenue Water (NRW), Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) dan Uji Kinerja Hidrolis dengan Epanet. Pada penelitian ini, didapatkan hasil analisis NRW untuk DMA 01 dan DMA 02 sebesar 46,51% dan 54,42 % masing-masing, dimana hasilnya masih diatas PerMen PU No 20/PRT/M/2006 yang dipersyaratkan yaitu 20%. Sedangkan nilai ILI untuk DMA 01 dan DMA 02 adalah sama yaitu ILI > 16, kategori D (buruk). Untuk hasil analisis Epanet, dipantau sebanyak 41 pipa pada DMA 01 dan 21 pipa pada DMA 02 menunjukkan hasil nilai tekanan serta residu chlorine pada aliran DMA 01 dan DMA 02 semua titik memenuhi standar yaitu P > 0,5 bar dan residu chlorine > 0,22 dan 0,23 mg/l masing-masing. Ditinjau dari nilai velocity, pada DMA 01 (9 pipa) dan DMA 02 (8 pipa) dibawah standar yaitu < 0,3 m/s. Untuk nilai head loss sendiri pada DMA 01 (13 pipa) dan DMA 02 (5 pipa) juga melebihi standar yaitu > 10m/km.

Potensi air tanah sangat dipengaruhi kondisi geologi dan hidrogeologi, sehingga sebaran lapisan akuifer sangat beragam dalam satu wilayah. Hal ini terjadi di wilayah Kecamatan Pakis Kabupaten Malang. Beberapa wilayah masih mengalami kesulitan memanfaatkan air tanah sebagai sumber air bersih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan memetakan sebaran lapisan akuifer dangkal di Kecamatan Pakis. Untuk menyelesaikan penelitian, dilakukan pengukuran dengan metode geolistrik di 43 titik dan pengamatan terhadap kedalaman sumur dangkal. Menggunakan model Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) dengan konfigurasi Schlumberger didapatkan litologi batuan ditiap titik hingga kedalaman 50 meter. Hasil interpretasi data bahwa litologi batuan didominasi oleh lapisan batuan tufa halus (lempung), tufa, pasiran, breksi dan lava. Tufa hingga pasiran teridentifikasi sebagai lapisan akuifer dangkal. Hasil pemetaan sebaran menunjukkan bahwa potensi air tanah di wilayah Kecamatan Pakis terbagi menjadi 2 zonasi yaitu zona tidak berpotensi air tanah dangkal meliputi Desa Pakis Jajar, Bunut Wetan, Asrikaton, Saptorenggo, Tirtomoyo dan Kedungrejo. Zona berpotensi air tanah dangkal meliputi Desa Sukoanyar, Sumber Pasir, Pakis Kembar, Pucangsongo, Sumberejo, Sumberkradenan, Ampeldento, Mangliawan, dan Sekarpuro.

PLTS Terapung adalah salah satu proyek strategis nasional dari pemerintah Indonesia. Review teknis dan sosial adalah hal yang perlu dipertimbangkan. Dalam hal teknis, beberapa hal yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penempatan panel PLTS Terapung adalah inflow, velocity, tinggi gelombang, distribusi sediment melayang dan angin kencang. Selain itu, lokasi penempatan PLTS terapung tidak dekat dengan lokasi spillway pada Bendungan. Pada aspek sosial, keterlibatan dan pelaksanaan koordinasi yang baik antara stakeholder dan pihak terkait sangat perlu dalam tahap perencanaan, terutama meyakinkan masyarakat terhadap penerimaan PLTS Terapung. Sebagai evaluasi teknis, simulasi numeris dilakukan dalam memberikan rekomendasi area panel PLTS Terapung di area Waduk Cirata. Simulasi numerik dilakukan untuk memahami kondisi terberat yang akan dialami oleh PLTS Terapung khususnya pada kondisi ekstrim dan angin kencang. Hasil simulasi akan menunjukkan lokasi dengan kecepatan aliran dan konsentrasi sedimen paling kecil untuk penempatan PLTS Terapung. Sebagai hasil analisa didapatkan area seluas 242.93 Ha atau ± 4.1% dari total luas genangan Waduk Cirata. Area ini adalah area genangan dengan kecepatan aliran air minimal, yakni < 5 cm/s, dan konsentrasi sedimen layang < 10 gr/m3. Nilai tersebut dapat dijadikan penilaian awal dalam melakukan rekomendasi penempatan panel PLTS Terapung di area Waduk Cirata.

Pola distribusi hujan sangat diperlukan dalam analisis transformasi hujan aliran khususnya untuk penentuan hidrograf banjir rancangan bangunan hidrolik. Distribusi hujan ini sangat tergantung dengan data hujan durasi pendek yang umumnya sangat terbatas, sehingga sebagai solusi dapat digunakan data hujan berbasis satelit. Distribusi hujan satelit dapat digunakan apabila distribusi yang dihasilkan memiliki pola distribusi yang mendekati hujan terukur. Dalam analisis ini data hujan yang digunakan adalah data hujan jam–jaman dari beberapa stasiun hujan yang terletak di DAS Progo dan data hujan satelit PERSIANN yang lokasinya disesuaikan dengan koordinat stasiun hujan DAS Progo. Data hujan yang dianalisis merupakan kejadian hujan berurutan yang memiliki kedalaman ≥ 50 mm untuk data tahun 2013 – 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi hujan satelit PERSIANN memiliki pola yang mendekati pola hujan terukur dengan nilai koefisien r rerata sebesar 0,98. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hujan berbasis satelit dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif penentuan pola distribusi hujan apabila data hujan terukur tidak tersedia. Namun demikian, analisis serupa perlu dilakukan untuk karakteristik hujan di DAS yang berbeda.

Air merupakan kebutuhan pokok manusia yang sebagian besar berasal dari dalam tanah. Konservasi air tanah menggunakan sumur resapan merupakan alternatif dalam menambah cadangan air tanah pada tanah berjenis lanau-lempung seperti Kota Malang yang memiliki permeabilitas tanah rendah. Dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut dilakukan penelitian dengan metode eksperimen pembuatan sumur resapan inovatif yang dapat memaksimalkan masuknya air ke dalam tanah pada lokasi yang mempunyai permeabilitas rendah. Penelitian ini mengkaji, menganalisa dan membandingkan hasil pengujian sumur resapan konvensional dan inovatif. Analisis debit yang dirancang menggunakan Metode Rasional. Perencanaan dimensi dihitung dengan rumus Sunjoto dan desain serta model sumur resapan yang dibuat menggunakan material paving, pasir, semen, kerikil, pipa diameter 10 cm, penutup biopori, sampah organik, air, dan geotekstile. Model sumur resapan inovatif direncanakan dengan ketinggian 0,42 m dengan diameter 0,6 m. Dari hasil analisa pengujian model sumur resapan yang sudah di terapkan dalam skala lapangan, sumur resapan inovatif lebih efektif dari pada sumur resapan konvensional.

Building information modelling (BIM) mulai diterapkan dalam kegiatan kontruksi di Indonesia, salah satunya pada pekerjaan saluran pengelak di Bendungan Margatiga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan contoh penerapan BIM pada kontruksi saluran pengelak bendungan yang menerapkan tingkatan BIM pada level 3D BIM berupa pemodelan tiga dimensi menggunakan Civil 3D dan 6D untuk menganalisa dampak pada lokasi kontruksi saluran pengelak bendungan berupa aliran banjir dengan aplikasi HEC-RAS. Dari perhitungan Q10 sebesar 789,10 m3/s menghasilkan model 3D BIM pada Civil 3D dengan lebar saluran 31 meter, tinggi 5 meter, serta kemiringan talud 2. Hal tersebut dapat menahan aliran banjir Q10 dan Q25 di Sungai Way Sekampung. Pada saluran pengelak terjadi aliran subkritis dengan kecepatan tertinggi 2,01 m/s dan dapat mereduksi banjir sebesar 22% untuk Q10 dan 21% untuk Q25. Hasil model 3D BIM tersebut selanjutnya diekstrak, kuantitas volume pekerjaannya melalui Civil 3D sebesar 148.994 m3 untuk pekerjaan galian tanah dan untuk 11.259 m3 untuk timbunan tanah.

Waduk Bener merupakan waduk serbaguna yang memanfaatkan air DAS Bogowonto sebagai bagian dari Wilayah Sungai Serayu-Bogowonto untuk pemenuhan layanan air baku, air irigasi dan pembangkit listrik tenaga mikrohidro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi air untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air irigasi dan air baku. Ketersediaan air dihitung menggunakan alihragam hujan-aliran metode Mock. Optimasi pengaturan release air waduk menggunakan metode Program Linier berbasis prinsip neraca air waduk dengan inflow debit tengah bulanan untuk aliran tahun basah, normal dan kering. Optimasi dilakukan dengan tiga skenario kondisi kebutuhan air baku yaitu kondisi eksisting, kondisi 25 dan 50 tahun. Simulasi pemanfaatan air waduk menggunakan metode Standard Operating Rule (SOR) menunjukkan nilai intensitas tanam tahunan berkisar 247,62%-292,81%. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan peningkatan intensitas tanam tahunan mencapai 287,24%-300% dengan reliabilitas layanan kebutuhan air sebesar 100% serta rerata faktor k untuk air irigasi dan air baku yang memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan.

Tempat pemrosesan akhir (TPA) sampah secara open dumping dapat ditemukan di Pulau Nusa Lembongan, Provinsi Bali. Sampah yang ditimbun dengan proses open dumping cenderung menghasilkan dampak lingkungan, salah satu dampak tersebut adalah air lindi. Untuk mencegah dampak lingkungan maka diperlukan pengolahan lindi, salah satunya adalah dengan kolam stabilisasi. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah mengetahui luas lahan yang dibutuhkan dan prediksi effluent air limbah yang dikeluarkan dari perencanaan kolam stabilisasi. Perencanaan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder dan pengolahan data secara deskriptif dari kajian literatur. Perhitungan debit air limbah dari data intensitas hujan memperlihatkan debit air lindi dapat mencapai 4.579,2 liter⁄hari dengan kualitas air lindi yang cenderung biodegradable. Unit yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai standar minimum kualitas lindi adalah bak ekualisi, kolam anaerobik, kolam fakultatif, kolam maturase, dan anaerobic baffle reactor (ABR). Total kebutuhan lahan dari unit tersebut adalah 0,013 ha. Sedangkan kualitas effluent berdasarkan parameter utama biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) adalah 9,8 mg/L, dimana baku mutu yang disyaratkan adalah 100 mg/L.

Sub DAS Lesti yang secara keseluruhan berada di Kabupaten Malang adalah sub DAS terluas dari hulu DAS Brantas yang berperan paling besar dalam memberikan kontribusi debit air sungai yang berdampak ke bagian hilir di Waduk Sengguruh. Kondisi terkini sebaran limpasan permukaan di Sub DAS Lesti berbasis data hujan dan penggunaan lahan terkini belum banyak dikupas oleh pengambil kebijakan. Informasi sebaran dan proporsi limpasan permukaan pada wilayah DAS menjadi hal yang menarik dikaji lebih lanjut dalam rangka memberikan pertimbangan upaya konservasi DAS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung limpasan permukaan dan sebarannya sebagai landasan pengambil kebijakan menentukan lokasi prioritas upaya konservasi pada Sub DAS Lesti. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif yang dimulai dari uji konsistensi data hujan, deleniasi batas DAS, perhitungan hujan rancangan dan juga perhitungan debit limpasan permukaan sampai menggambarkannya secara spasial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 12 kecamatan di Sub DAS Lesti, wilayah yang perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai lokasi prioritas konservasi dari sudut pandang besarnya debit limpasan permukaan adalah Kecamatan Tirtoyudo, Kecamatan Dampit dan Kecamatan Bantur, Kecamatan Ampelgading serta sebagian wilayah Kecamatan Sumbermanjing Wetan yang berbatasan dengan Kecamatan Dampit. The Lesti sub-watershed, which is entirely in Malang Regency, is the widest sub-watershed of the upstream Brantas watershed, which has the biggest role in contributing river flow which impacts downstream in the Sengguruh Reservoir. The current condition of surface runoff distribution in Lesti Sub-watershed is based on the latest data on rain and land use, which has not been widely discussed by policy makers. Information on the distribution and proportion of surface runoff in watershed areas is interesting to study further in order to give consideration to watershed conservation efforts. This study aims to calculate surface runoff and its distribution as a basis for policy makers to determine priority locations for conservation efforts in the Lesti sub-watersheds. The analytical method used is quantitative, which starts from the consistency test of rain data, watershed boundary deleniation, calculation of design rainfall and also calculation of surface runoff discharge to describe it spatially. The results showed that from 12 sub-districts in Lesti Sub-watershed, the areas that need to be considered as priority conservation locations from the point of view of surface runoff discharges are Tirtoyudo subdistrict, Dampit Subdistrict and Bantur Subdistrict, Ampelgading Subdistrict and parts of Sumbermanjing Wetan Subdistrict bordering Dampit Subdistrict.

Informasi evaporasi waduk penting untuk mengetahui signifikansi kehilangan air akibat evaporasi yang mencapai 90-95% dari total kehilangan air di waduk. Permasalahan yang sering dihadapi pada data evaporasi adalah minimnya ketersediaan data. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, satelit GLDAS-2.1 dan CFS-V2 memiliki kemampuan dalam mengestimasi evaporasi di permukaan. Satelit tersebut memiliki resolusi spasial dan temporal yang tinggi, jangkauan wilayahnya luas, data near realtime dan terekam secara kontinyu, akses cepat dan ekonomis. Namun, suatu data satelit dapat dimanfaatkan apabila memiliki koherensi yang kuat dengan data observasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan evaluasi kesesuaian data evaporasi satelit GLDAS-2.1 dan CFS-V2 terhadap data evaporasi pengamatan dan merekomendasikan satelit mana yang tepat dalam mengestimasi evaporasi sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif ketersediaan data evaporasi di Waduk Wonorejo. Evaluasi yang dilakukan pada studi ini menggunakan analisa statistika di Stasiun Geofisika Wonorejo. Hasil kalibrasi data pada satelit GLDAS-2.1 dan CFS-V2 menghasilkan faktor koreksi dengan bentuk persamaan regresi polinomial. Pada tahap validasi terkoreksi nilai RMSE, NSE, R dan KR menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik yang awalnya sebesar 21% sebelum terkoreksi naik menjadi 79% setelah terkoreksi. Satelit GLDAS-2.1 menjadi satelit yang direkomendasikan karena menghasilkan nilai NSE dan R2 yang jauh lebih baik dengan persentase sebesar 100% jika dibandingkan CFS-V2. Reservoir evaporation information is important to determine the significance of water loss due to evaporation which reaches 90-95% of the total water loss in the reservoir. The problem that is often faced with evaporation data is the lack of data availability. To overcome these problems, the GLDAS-2.1 and CFS-V2 satellites have the ability to estimate evaporation on the surface. The satellite has a high spatial and temporal resolution, wide-area coverage, near real-time data and recorded continuously, fast accessibility, and economical. However, satellite data can be used if it has a strong coherence with the observation data. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the suitability of the evaporation data from the GLDAS-2.1 and CFS-V2 satellites to the observational evaporation data and to recommend which satellite is appropriate for estimating evaporation so that it can be used as an alternative to the availability of evaporation data in the Wonorejo Reservoir. The evaluation carried out in this study uses statistical analysis at the Wonorejo Geophysical Station. Results of data calibration on the GLDAS-2.1 and CFS-V2 satellite produce a correction factor in the form of a polynomial regression equation. At the validation stage, the RMSE, NSE, R, and KR values showed better results that were initially 21% before being corrected, increasing to 79%. GLDAS-2.1 is still being recommended compares with CFS-V2, because it produces much better NSE and R2 values with precentage of 100%.

Universitas Brawijaya merupakan kampus yang terus melakukan pembangunan. Pembangunan ini berdampak pada berkurangnya daerah resapan air. Dikarenakan tata kelola air yang kurang baik, maka terjadilah genangan di beberapa titik. Under Drain Box Storage (UB – Drain) merupakan salah satu alternatif bangunan dengan konsep drainase berwawasan lingkungan/ ekodrainase yang berfungsi mereduksi limpasan dan upaya konservasi air tanah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi saluran drainase di kawasan kampus UB, sehingga didapatkan lokasi penempatan UB – Drain yang tepat untuk mereduksi limpasan. Dalam merencanakan UB – Drain, diperlukan beberapa analisis baik dari aspek hidrologi maupun aspek hidrolika. Hujan rancangan dihitung dengan metode Log Pearson tipe III, dengan Q5 sebesar 122,84 mm/hari dan debit limpasan dihitung dengan metode Rasional Modifikasi. Evaluasi drainase yang dilakukan berdasarkan kapasitas saluran eksisting dan sistem sirkulasi jaringan drainase dengan membandingkan tinggi muka air/head, serta nilai travel time saluran. Hasilnya, didapatkan 19 dari 27 saluran dalam kondisi tidak dapat menampung dan mengalirkan air dengan baik. Dengan menerapkan UB-Drain pada beberapa ruas saluran drainase di kawasan kampus UB, maka volume limpasan dan genangan yang tereduksi sebesar 63% dan 75% dalam satu kali hujan dengan kala ulang 5 tahun.

Kekeringan yang terjadi di wilayah utara Kabupaten Lumajang berdampak terhadap kerawanan ketersediaan air bersih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penilaian bencana kekeringan dan merancang strategi penyediaan air bersih di wilayah utara Kabupaten Lumajang. Pennilaian bencana kekeringan menggunakan metode Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) dengan input data curah hujan mulai dari tahun 2000 sampai 2019. Sebaran ancaman bencana kekeringan dianalisis secara spasial berbasis sistem informasi geografis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks kekeringan (SPI-12) memiliki kesesuaian dengan kondisi kekeringan yang terjadi di lapangan. Kesesuaian indeks kekeringan dianalisis berdasarkan data jumlah pengiriman (dropping) air bersih ke lokasi penelitian. Kekeringan ekstrem terjadi pada bulan September 2018 dengan nilai indeks kekeringan (SPI-12) sebesar -2,33, kondisi ini memiliki kesesuaian dengan kondisi kekeringan di lapangan yang ditunjukkan dari jumlah dropping air. Strategi mitigasi dampak kekeringan dalam penyediaan air bersih diantaranya: membangun embung atau waduk untuk menampung air hujan di Kecamatan Ranuyoso dan Randuagung, sedangkan strategi penyediaan air bersih di Kecamatan : Padang, Klakah, Kedungjajang dan Gucialit dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan potensi air tanah atau sumur bor. The drought that occurred in the northern region of Lumajang regency impacts the reduced availability of clean water. This study aims to assess drought disasters and determine strategies for providing clean water supply in the northern region of Lumajang Regency. Drought assessment using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) with precipitation data from 2000 to 2019. The drought outputs were spatially plotted using geographic information systems. The results showed that the drought index (SPI-12) complies with drought conditions that occur in the field. The suitability of the drought index is analyzed based on the number of deliveries (dropping) of clean water to the site or location. Extremely dry occurred in 2018, with the highest index value (SPI-12) of -2.33 in September 2018. This condition has conformity to the drought conditions in the field indicated by the amount of dropping water. Drought mitigation strategies in providing clean water include building retention basins or reservoirs to accommodate rainwater in Ranuyoso and Randuagung subdistricts. Meanwhile, the strategy of providing clean water in Padang, Klakah, Kedungjajang, and Gucialit subdistricts is carried out by utilizing the potential of groundwater or drill wells.

Desa Bolok merupakan salah satu desa di Kabupaten Kupang yang belum terlayani oleh pelayanan penyediaan air bersih. Belum tersedianya pelayanan air bersih menjadi masalah untuk masyarakat memenuhi kebutuhan air hariannya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk merencanakan jaringan perpipaan air bersih agar membantu masyarakat Desa Bolok memenuhi kebutuhan air bersihnya. Jaringan perpipaan air bersih direncanakan menggunakan software Epanet 2.0 dengan perhitungan kehilangan energi menggunakan metode Hazen William. Terdapat 2 sumber air yang bisa dipakai yaitu sumur bor Taman Eden milik Desa Bolok dengan debit air 1,314 ltr/detik dan sumur bor milik PDAM Kabupaten Kupang dengan debit air 5 ltr/detik. Proyeksi penduduk pada tahun 2028 dilakukan dengan metode aritmatik, geometrik dan least square. Berdasarkan hasil uji standar deviasi dan koefisien korelasi, maka digunakan hasil proyeksi penduduk dengan metode geometrik yaitu 4075 jiwa. Hasil proyeksi penduduk ini kemudian digunakan untuk proyeksi terhadap fasilitas umum yang ada di Desa Bolok. Berdasarkan perhitungan, total kebutuhan rata-rata air Desa Bolok pada tahun 2028 adalah 5,00 ltr/detik. Pipa yang digunakan adalah galvanized iron pipe (GIP) dengan diameter berkisar antara 25 mm – 125 mm. Volume reservoir yang direncanakan adalah 90 m3 dengan ukuran panjang = 5 m, lebar = 4,5 m dan tinggi = 4 m.

Pembangunan waduk muara yang berlokasi di Tukad Unda merupakan pembangunan dalam tahap perencananaan. Waduk muara dibangun sebagai infrastruktur mitigasi bencana prasarana pengendali banjir. Perkiraan pembangunan waduk muara dari tahun 2020 sampai dengan tahun 2022. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari debit banjir rencana pada DAS Tukad Unda sebagai pertimbangan dalam pembangunan tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan dua metode untuk mencari debit banjir rencana, diantaranya metode perhitungan HSS Nakayasu dan metode model HEC-HMS. Debit banjir rencana yang dihitung menggunakan perhitungan HSS Nakayasu pada kala ulang 5 tahun, 10 tahun, 20 tahun, 25 tahun, 50 tahun, dan 100 tahun mempunyai debit puncak (Qp) sebesar 478.70 m3/dt, 649.33 m3/dt, 763.08 m3/dt, 910.01 m3/dt, 1019.02 m3/dt, dan 1128.03 m3/dt. Sedangkan debit banjir yang dihitung dengan metode HEC-HMS pada kala ulang 5 tahun, 10 tahun, 20 tahun, 25 tahun, 50 tahun, dan 100 tahun mempunyai debit puncak (Qp) sebesar 514,3 m3/dt, 697,6 m3/dt, 819,8 m3/dt, 977,7 m3/dt, 1094,8 m3/dt, dan 1211,9 m3/dt. Parameter yang ditemukan melalui program HEC-HMS adalah initial abstraction sebesai 99,987 mm, curve number sebesar 35,018, dan impervious sebesar 16 %. The construction of estuary reservoir located in Unda River is a development in the planning stage. Estuary reservoirs are built as disaster mitigation infrastructure for flood control. The construction of estuary reservoir is planned from 2020 to 2022. This research aims to find the flood design discharge of Tukad Unda watershed plan as consideration in the construction development. In this study, two methods were used to calculate the flood design discharge such as the HSS Nakayasu calculation method and the HEC-HMS model method. Flood design discharge calculated using HSS Nakayasu calculation at 5 years, 10 years, 20 years, 25 years, 50 years, and 100 years have peak discharge (Qp) respectively are 478.70 m3/s, 649.33 m3/s, 763.08 m3/s, 910.01 m3/s, 1019.02 m3/s, and 1128.03 m3/s. While flood discharge calculated by HEC-HMS method at 5 years, 10 years, 20 years, 25 years, 50 years, and 100 years have peak discharge (Qp) respectively are 514.3 m3/s, 697.6 m3/s, 819.8 m3/s, 977.7 m3/s, 1094.8 m3/s, and 1211.9 m3/s. The parameters found through the HEC-HMS program are an initial abstraction of 99,987 mm, a curve number of 35,018, and an impervious of 16%.

Perubahan tataguna lahan akan meningkatkan limpasan permukaan sehingga menyebabkan terjadi banjir pada suatu wilayah. Salah satu dampaknya, banjir yang terjadi di Jalan Kaliurang Kecamatan Sumbersari Kabupaten Jember. Banjir yang terjadi di Jalan Kaliurang terjadi hampir disetiap tahun. Penelitian ini berfungsi untuk melakukan evaluasi kinerja drainase Jalan Kaliurang, Jember dengan menggunakan model Strom Water Management Model (SWMM) karena sesuai untuk mensimulasikan proses hidrologi dan hidrolika di daerah perkotaan. Tahapan pemodelan meliputi: perhitungan curah hujan rerata wilayah menggunakan metode poligon thiessen, uji kecocokan, perhitungan debit banjir rencana kala ulang 2 tahun, 5 tahun, dan 10 tahun, perhitungan intensitas curah hujan jam-jaman dengan metode mononobe dan pemodelan hidrolika menggunakan sofware Strom Water Managament Model (SWMM). Hasil pemodelan dengan Strom Water Management Model (SWMM) pada banjir kala ulang 2 tahun terdapat 4 titik lokasi rawan banjir, kala ulang 5 tahun terdapat 9 titik lokasi rawan banjir, dan kala ulang 10 tahun terdapat 13 titik lokasi rawan banjir. Rekomendasi penelitian ini adalah normalisasi saluran drainase pada titik-titik rawan banjir. Land-use changes will be caused by surface runoff, which is possible to create floods in an area. One of the impacts is the flooding that occurred on Kaliurang road, Kecamtan Sumbersari, Jember Regency. Floods that occur on Jalan Kaliurang, Jember occur almost every year. This research evaluates Kaliurang road drainage's performance using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The modeling stages include: calculating the regional average rainfall using the Thiessen polygon method, testing compatibility, calculating the planned flood discharge with a return period of 2 years, 5 years, and 10 years, calculating the hourly rainfall intensity using the mononobe method, and modeling hydraulics using SWMM. Modeling results with SWMM in the 2-year return flood, there are 4 locations prone to flooding. On the 5-year return period, there are 9 flood-prone locations, and on the 10 year return period, there are 13 flood-prone locations. The recommendation of this study is the normalization of drainage channels at flood-prone points.

Pengoperasian dan pemeliharaan pada suatu waduk sangat penting dalam keberlanjutan fungsinya. Hal ini harus ditunjang dengan biaya pengoperasian dan pemeliharaan yang memadai. Adapun biaya pengoperasian waduk yang memadai terdiri dari biaya pengelolaan air dari pengguna air dan subsidi dari pemerintah jika diperlukan. Operasi dan pemeliharaan yang berkelanjutan harus menjaga subsidi pemerintah pada tingkat minimum, sementara pada saat yang sama harus juga mempertimbangkan kesediaan pengguna air untuk membayar. Kedua parameter subsidi dan iuran pengelolaan air ini membentuk suatu loop umpan balik yang saling bergantung dalam menentukan biaya operasi dan pemeliharaan, yang termasuk dalam fenomena dinamika sistem. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menghitung besarnya subsidi pemerintah dan besarnya iuran pengelolaan air agar mencapai pengelolaan sumber daya air yang optimal. Dengan pendekatan sistem dinamik dengan menggunakan program Powersim.. Analisis ini dilakukan di Waduk Jatigede Jawa Barat – Indonesia. Waduk Jatigede dengan volume 877 juta m3 yang digunakan untuk irigasi, pasokan air publik dan PLTA. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi agar mencapai pengolaan SDA yang optimal, didapat subsidi sebesar 0% pada kondisi normal, 0% pada kondisi basaha dan 0,88% pada kondisi kering. Adapun iuran pengelolaan air per m3 untuk PDAM Rp. 111,00, PAM Industri Rp. 175,00, Industri langsung Rp. 236,00, PLTA Rp.35.00/KWH dan subsidi Pemerintah Rp. 191.760.000,-.

Kabupaten Gorontalo mempunyai luas wilayah daratan seluas 2.125,47 km2. Potensi Lahan pada tahun 2015 di Kabupaten Gorontalo mencapai 13.958 hektar. Bahan pangan yang ditanam di Daerah Irigasi Alopohu adalah padi, ubi kayu, jagung, ubi jalar, kacang kedelai, kacang tanah, buah dan sayuran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengoptimalkan air dan lahan sehingga tercapai keuntungan yang maksimum. Metode yang dilakukan adalah Model Sine Product untuk menghitung nilai-nilai pada tabel akibat. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan dua tahap, yaitu (1) membuat (menghitung) Tabel Akibat, dan (2) menerapkan model Program Dinamik untuk optimasi alokasi air irigasi secara spasial antar petak irigasi. Program dinamik memberikan prosedur yang sistematis untuk penentuan kombinasi pengambilan keputusan yang memaksimumkan keseluruhan efektivitasnya. Dengan menggunakan program dinamik didapatkan keuntungan maksimum sebesar Rp 29.667.765.046, dimana keuntungan tersebut didapatkan dari produksi gabah sebesar 6.593 ton gabah. Hasil panen tersebut dihasilkan hanya dengan luas sawah sebesar 1.538 ha. Nilai perbandingan hasil panen per ha yaitu kondisi eksisting (sebelum optimasi) adalah 3,90 ton/ha sedangkan setelah optimasi sebesar 4,29 ton/ha. Gorontalo Regency has a land area of 2,125.47 km2. Land potential in 2015 in Gorontalo Regency reached 13,958 hectares. Foodstuffs grown in the Alopohu Irrigation Area are rice, cassava, corn, sweet potatoes, soybeans, peanuts, fruits, and vegetables. This research aims to optimize water and land to achieve maximum profit. The Sine Product Model method is used to calculate the values in the effect table. In this study, two stages were carried out, namely (1) creating (calculation) Effect Tables, and (2) applying the Dynamic Program model to optimize the spatial allocation of irrigation water between irrigation plots. Dynamic programming provides a systematic procedure for determining the combination of decisionmaking that maximizes its overall effectiveness. By using the dynamic program, a maximum profit of Rp. 29,667,765,046 was obtained, where the profit was obtained from the production of 6,593 tons of grain. The yields were produced only on an area of 1,538 ha of rice fields. The comparison value of crop yields per ha, namely the existing condition (before optimization) is 3.90 tons/ha while after optimization is 4.29 tons/ha.

Pada pengujian model fisik pelimpah Bendungan Pomalaa, peredam energi model seri 4 yang memiliki elevasi dasar +41,00 m telah mampu meredam energi aliran dengan baik pada debit Q100th, Q1000th, dan QPMF, namun perlu dicoba alternatif desain peredam energi yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Metode yang digunakan adalah simulasi model numerik berbasis Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), kemudian hasilnya akan diverifikasi dengan model fisik menggunakan Brier-Skill Score (BSS). Setelah itu, dilakukan alternatif desain berupa variasi elevasi dasar peredam energi, yaitu +42,00 m; +43,00 m; dan +44,00 m, kemudian dipilih model terbaik sebagai rekomendasi dari hasil simulasi. Hasil verifikasi model numerik menggunakan BSS menunjukkan bahwa model numerik cukup mampu untuk merepresentasikan model fisik. Hasil simulasi terbaik adalah peredam energi dengan elevasi dasar +42,00 m dengan efisiensi peredaman pada Q100th, Q1000th, dan QPMF berturut-turut sebesar 93,846%, 85,915%, dan 83,201%. Kemudian pada debit Q100th, Q1000th, dan QPMF di bagian hilir memiliki nilai bilangan Froude 0,770, 0,995, dan 1,472. In the physical model testing Pomalaa Dam spillway, the series 4 energy dissipator which has a base elevation of +41,00 m has been able to dissipate the flow energy well at the Q100y, Q1000y, and QPMF, but it is necessary to try alternative designs that more effective and efficient. The method used is a numerical model simulation using an application based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), then the result will be verified with physical model using Brier-Skill Score (BSS). After that, an alternative design was carried out in the form of a variation in the base elevation of the energy dissipator, that are +42,00 m; +43,00 m; and +44,00 m, then the best model is selected as a recommendation from the simulation result. The result of the verification of the numerical model using BSS show that numerical model is quite capable of representing the physical model. The best simulation result is an energy dissipator with a base elevation of +42,00 with efficiency of energy dissipation at Q100y, Q1000y, and QPMF respectively 93,846%, 85,915%, and 83,201%. Then Q100y, Q1000y, and QPMF at the downstream have Froude number value respectively 0,770, 0,995, and 1,472.

Teknologi yang berbeda pada IPAL komunal memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda pula terhadap kadar parameter BOD, COD dan TSS di tampungan inlet dan outlet. Penurunan efektivitas kadar BOD, COD dan TSS dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus efisiensi removal. Hasil analisis efektivitas kadar parameter untuk BOD IPAL Gambiran adalah sebesar 24,01%, sedangkan pada IPAL Mendiro sebesar 70,72% di outlet awal dan 95,85% di outlet akhir. Efektivitas penurunan kadar COD pada IPAL Gambiran adalah sebesar 45%, sedangkan IPAL Mendiro mengalami penurunan sebesar 78,33% di outlet awal dan 85,83% di outlet akhir. Nilai efektivitas kadar TSS pada IPAL Gambiran sebesar 40%. Pada saat yang sama, IPAL Mendiro mengalami penurunan kadar yang cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar, 94,37% di outlet awal dan 98,12% di outlet akhir. Adanya tambahan teknologi RBC pada IPAL Mendiro memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar dalam menurunkan kadar parameter yang ditinjau. Teknologi RBC mampu menurunkan 85,84% BOD, 34,61% COD dan 66,66% TSS. Efektivitas RBC dihitung berdasarkan nilai pada outlet awal dengan outlet akhir.