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Carbon taxes have proven to be an effective economic instrument in reducing carbon emissions in countries such as Finland, Sweden and Singapore. These countries have not only succeeded in significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions but also utilised this policy to encourage the transition to clean energy while creating sustainable economic incentives. However, in Indonesia, the implementation of carbon tax has been delayed several times. This study aims to analyse the factors that cause delays in the implementation of carbon tax in Indonesia and expected to provide practical and applicable recommendations to ensure that the carbon tax can be effectively implemented by 2025. This research uses a qualitative approach. Thematic analysis is used to analyse data by reducing various qualitative data to find relevant and meaningful patterns in accordance with the research objectives. The factors that become obstacles in the implementation of carbon tax in Indonesia are unfinished regulations, readiness of digital infrastructure and technology, company dependence on fossil energy, and consideration of Indonesia's economic conditions. Specifically, the gap in digital monitoring technology still under development in terms of funding and human resources represents a significant barrier, causing Indonesia to lose momentum in integrating a low-carbon economy.

Extractive mining has long been central to Belitong Island's economy, particularly tin exploitation since 1908 during the Dutch East Indies period. With Belitong's designation as part of the UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp), a new opportunity arises to transition toward sustainable economic practices. This research examines the transformation of the Open Pit Nam Salu geosite from a mining-focused economy to an environmentally sustainable green tourism model, emphasizing local community development. Employing a mixed-methods approach, including observations and in-depth interviews with communities and stakeholders, the study explores the geosite's geological and socio-economic potential. It identifies key opportunities and challenges in adopting green tourism while highlighting the critical role of local community involvement in fostering economic resilience. The findings provide a development model that integrates environmental conservation with economic growth. Open Pit Nam Salu's transformation exemplifies how ecological preservation and local economic enhancement can coexist, offering insights for broader application across Indonesia.

Environmental, social, economic and legal issues encourage the urgency of implementing a sustainable economic approach in the form of a green economy, blue economy and circular economy that has the potential to increase profits for sustainable national and international economic development. The formulation of the problem is how the integrated legal system regarding green, blue and circular economy for sustainable economic development for Indonesia and what are the inhibiting factors in realizing it. This study uses normative legal research that uses data collection methods by means of literature studies related to the title. The results of the study show that Indonesia has begun to implement the three economic systems, but there is no integrated legal system to realize the economic system in Indonesia due to the absence of legal harmonization and the absence of effective and representative institutional governance. I recommend that the green economy, blue economy and circular economy programs be a national priority of the State of Indonesia, legal harmonization, effective and representative institutional reform and carrying out a universal movement for all Indonesian people to improve their daily habits and behaviors to comply with the principles of the green, blue and circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the potential of Special Economic Zones (KEK) in realizing an inclusive economy in Indonesia through literature observations. The main findings show that SEZs act as a catalyst for economic growth by attracting investment and creating a multiplier effect for the local economy. To realize an inclusive economy, SEZs need to integrate region-based development, implement a sustainable economy, and strengthen the principle of linkages with local economic sectors. However, there are challenges such as concentration of benefits in large companies, exploitation of resources, and weakening integration with local economies. The proposed solutions include implementing a circular economy, supporting local entrepreneurship, and increasing community access to financing, training and business networks. Comprehensive efforts are needed to maximize the potential of SEZs in achieving a sustainable, inclusive economy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is one of the most affected industries by the COVID-19 pandemic. Globally, in less than 6 months after the outbreak of the epidemic, this sector experienced a decline of up to 74%--as it set back to 1990s. However, many tourism-related studies include the keyword or even the title 'post-pandemic' which implies a nuance of optimism for the tourism sector. Using a systematic literature review (SLR), this article explores studies that include keywords and topics 'post-pandemic' in global and Indonesian contexts. Three main points were found: First, there is a global fact that local scale tourism is more sustainable than regional and international tourism. Second, behind the losses due to the decline in income during the pandemic, there is a hidden benefit in the form of restoring natural resources that have been damaged by tourism activities. Third, the emergence of a more systematic mapping of tourist preferences in determining tourist destinations and activities, which is more oriented towards safety, health, and strengthening social relationships with family and colleagues rather than excitement and offering lower cost discounts. The article also found that most post-pandemic tourism recommendations tend to be non-operational due to their failure to provide an operational definition of what the meaning of 'post-pandemic'. Pariwisata merupakan salah satu industri yang paling terdampak akibat pandemi Covid-19. Secara global, dalam waktu kurang dari 6 bulan setelah mewabahnya epidemi, sektor ini mengalami penurunan hingga 74%--kembali ke volume tahun 1990. Namun, banyak penelitian terkait pariwisata memasukkan kata kunci atau bahkan judul 'pasca pandemi' yang menyiratkan nuansa optimisme terhadap sektor ini untuk bangkit. Dengan menggunakan sistematika literature review (SLR), artikel ini mengeksplorasi kajian yang memasukkan kata kunci dan topik 'pasca-pandemi' dalam konteks global dan Indonesia. Tiga poin utama ditemukan: Pertama, adanya fakta global bahwa pariwisata skala lokal lebih berkelanjutan daripada pariwisata regional dan internasional. Kedua, di balik kerugian akibat penurunan pendapatan selama pandemi, terdapat keuntungan tersembunyi berupa pemulihan sumber daya alam yang telah rusak akibat kegiatan pariwisata. Ketiga, munculnya pemetaan preferensi wisatawan yang lebih sistematis dalam menentukan destinasi dan kegiatan wisata, yang lebih berorientasi pada keselamatan, kesehatan, dan penguatan hubungan sosial dengan keluarga dan rekan kerja daripada kegembiraan dan penawaran diskon biaya yang lebih rendah. Artikel tersebut juga menemukan bahwa sebagian besar rekomendasi pariwisata pasca-pandemi cenderung tidak operasional karena kegagalan mereka untuk memberikan definisi operasional tentang apa itu 'pasca-pandemi'.

In sustainable development, infrastructure has an important role, although infrastructure growth and investment have positive and negative impacts. Indonesia has a strategic program in the form of infrastructure improvement. However, due to the condition of Indonesia which is an archipelago, infrastructure development has only concentrated on Java, especially in Jakarta City. This resulted in a gap in infrastructure development outside of Java. This study identifies the relationship between infrastructure and the regional economy in Indonesia. Indonesia is an archipelagic country so that long-distance transportation, such as using airports, is an absolute necessity to support equitable economic activities and support sustainable development. The relationship between traffic on airports and regional economies is still debating and growing. Therefore, by looking at the characteristics of the archipelagic country, it is interesting to see the relationship between infrastructure and the regional economy in Indonesia. This research aims to provide an understanding of the effect of economic growth in airports and be able to be a stakeholder consideration to making policies about air transportation and regional economic growth evenly on island geography conditions such as Indonesia. The relationship between the two in this study is shown by looking at traffic in airports and 17 economic sectors of GRDP in six different regencies with similar characteristics. The model show the relationship in this study. This model built using a regression approach. The results of this model show the relationship between traffic in airports with regional economic sectors, especially outside the island of Java. The results of this study can be concluded that the effect is found between the economic sectors of the region on the existence of airports

At present, awareness of the importance of maintaining environmental sustainability is increasingly widespread. The global community has also realized that this earth does not belong to this generation alone. In each period, various kinds of movements were introduced to encourage sustainable development. But what exactly is the difference between these proposed movements? This research with the literature review method will identify sustainable business movements from 1990 to the present. From the results of existing identification, this study will recommend which movements are realistic to implement in Indonesia, which has a unique character than other countries in the world.