Search

Series of motion detection based on background subtraction there is an image segmentation stage. Thresholding is a common technique used for the segmentation process. There are two types that can be used in thresholding techniques namely local and global. This research intends to implement local adaptive wolf thresholding as the threshold value of the background subtraction method to detect motion objects. The proposed method consists of the reading frame, background and foreground initialization of each frame, preprocessing, background subtraction, wolf thresholding, providing a bounding box, and running frame sequentially. Based on MSE and PSNR obtained on four videos, it has shown that wolf thresholding has succeeded in outperforming of global threshold.

Background: Digital subtraction angiography can affect anxiety in patients so that it can worsen the patient's condition during catheterization, such as increased heart rate and breathing. One of the efforts to reduce anxiety that can improve hemodynamics is butterfly hug therapy. However, its effectiveness in reducing hemodynamic anxiety needs to be further investigated. Purpose: To evaluate butterfly hug therapy's effectiveness on anxiety and hemodynamics before digital subtraction angiography. Methods: This is a quasi-experiment study with a pretest-posttest control group design. Fifty-two respondents were selected using purposive sampling. A total of 26 respondents were given butterfly hug therapy, and 26 others were given standard therapy. The study implemented the Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale Questionnaire and observation sheet. This research analysis uses the Independent T-test and Wilcoxon Test. Results: The anxiety level of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (46.73 ± 2.08 vs. 53.84 ± 1.74; p

The ability to understand the concept of addition and subtraction is fundamental to all students, including students with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study aims to produce a learning trajectory for understanding the concept of adding and subtracting whole numbers for students with ADHD using the PMRI approach. The subjects in this study were Grade 1 students with ADHD at the inclusive school or SDN 30 Palembang. The research method used was the design research method. The present research was conducted in three stages, namely the preparation stage, the two-cycle experimental design stage, (cycle I: pilot experiment, cycle II: teaching experiment), and the retrospective analysis stage. Data collection was carried out by an observation, interviews, a pre-test, written tests, documentation, and field notes. The results of the research showed that the learning activities designed could help students understand the concepts of adding and subtracting whole numbers. Some indicators of conceptual understanding that appeared in the students were the students’ abilities to classify objects according to certain characteristics, present concepts in the form of mathematical representations or images, develop the necessary and sufficient conditions for a concept, utilize and choose certain procedures or operations, and apply problem-solving concepts or algorithms. Eventually, a learning trajectory involving two activities using unique contexts of the city of Palembang supports understanding the concept of addition and subtraction.

Penelitian ini membahas tentang posisi ke-13 Indonesia dalam peringkat kekuatan militer global dan menyoroti tingginya tingkat konflik bersenjata di wilayah Papua, terutama akibat aktivitas Kelompok Kriminal Bersenjata (KKB). Dalam konteks ini, kekurangan teknologi di pos militer, khususnya dalam mengantisipasi serangan KKB, menjadi perhatian utama. Sebagai solusi, peneliti mengusulkan penggunaan robot sebagai alat untuk mendeteksi dan mengantisipasi pergerakan KKB yang mengancam pos militer. Robot yang diusulkan dilengkapi dengan senjata SS2 dan kamera untuk melacak pergerakan individu yang mendekati pos militer. Sistem pelacakan menggunakan teknik Background Subtraction. Komponen-komponen utama robot mencakup Motor DC, Driver Motor, Kamera Logitech C920, Baterai Lipo 12 Volt 2200 mAh, Step down, Step Up, Raspberry Pi 4B+, Video Sender dan Receiver, LCD Monitor, serta Aki 12 V 9Ah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pelacakan pada robot penjaga berhasil diimplementasikan dan berfungsi dengan baik menggunakan teknik pengurangan latar belakang. Pergerakan robot menuju senjata menghasilkan penundaan rata-rata selama 1 detik. Jangkauan yang paling efektif antara kamera dan objek musuh atau teman terjadi pada jarak 2 hingga 12 meter. Kemampuan deteksi objek paling buruk diamati pada kondisi cahaya nol Lux.

Driving at high speed and recklessly is the main cause of traffic accidents. In several places speed bumps are installed as a medium to warn drivers to slow down the speed of the vehicle, but the installation of speed bumps in several places has become a problem in itself with inconvenience for drivers traveling at low speeds, so it is necessary to develop an intelligent system to warn drivers when speeding. vehicles break safety boundaries, making drivers safer and more comfortable. At the vehicle identification stage, a combination of the Adaptive Background Subtraction method with the Haar Cascade Classifier is proposed, and vehicle speed estimation is carried out by calculating the time difference in the detection area or Region of Interest (ROI). Testing was carried out using traffic videos with three conditions, namely day, evening and night, with each condition using the same object data, namely 55 images of car objects. The proposed method produces car detection accuracy with an average of 85% and MSE 0.5 in vehicle speed measurements

This study uses deep learning for background subtraction in video surveillance. Scanned images often have unwanted background elements, making it difficult to separate objects from their backgrounds accurately. This affects how items are distinguished from their backgrounds. To solve this problem, this article introduces a model called the Improved Fuzzy C Means Cosine Similarity (FCM-CS). This model is designed to identify moving foreground objects in surveillance camera footage and address the associated challenges. The effectiveness of this model is evaluated against the current state-of-the-art, validating its performance. The results demonstrate the remarkable performance of the model on the CDnet2014 dataset

The aim of this research is to analyze the existing mathematics curriculum at the MIN Medan school and to identify how whole numbers are currently taught at the school. In addition to exploring and developing teaching strategies that incorporate real-world contexts for teaching integer addition and subtraction, to determine the effectiveness of the Realistic Mathematics Education approach in teaching integer addition and subtraction. The Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Approach is one possible method. Through circumstances they can really experience, the RME technique offers pupils a learning opportunity to comprehend mathematical ideas. The learning process for adding and subtracting integers using the RME approach is described in this study using a qualitative descriptive methodology. Up to 30 pupils from class IIA served as research subjects for the study, which was carried out at MIN Medan. Data were gathered using observation notes and pictures. Data were gathered using observation notes and pictures. Data were reduced, displayed, and concluded, after which they were descriptively narrated. The results showed an effective learning process when the RME Approach was applied to the topic of addition and subtracting integers over the course of five meetings Keywords: Addition Subtraction Mathematic, Realistic Mathematics Education

Traditional games can be used as a context to understand mathematical concepts. Many studies on learning trajectory (LT), which are set in the context of traditional games, have been carried out. However, no study focuses on using the context of the traditional kempreng game to facilitate primary students in understanding integer addition and subtraction. This research aims to design an LT through traditional game kempreng to help construct students' understanding and mathematical concepts through various activities that have been developed. This study uses design research with stages, namely preliminary design, teaching experiment, and retrospective analysis. This study produces LT which consists of five activities, namely: consisting of calculating addition points through the kempreng context, calculating subtraction (difference) through the kempreng context, performing additional operations on the “same” kempreng card, performing subtraction operations on “different” kempreng, and determining the results of addition or subtraction operations of number cards with the opposing group. In this study, LT set in the traditional game of kempreng can be used as a context in preparing learning designs that could stimulate students thinking in understanding the mathematical concepts of integer addition and subtraction. The impact of the research design also occurs on teachers. Learning becomes a student center, the teacher as a facilitator. The results of this study can have implications as one of the considerations for using contexts with real and cultural backgrounds to reduce or build a meaningful understanding of the concept of integer addition and subtraction for primary students.

Several researches attempt to improve the performance in addition and subtraction of fraction by focusing on students’ understanding, such as applying fraction tiles manipulatives and number line in the teaching, or using visual aids such as area model and drawings or virtual diagrams. Similarly, few studies focus on adopting simple procedures that will facilitate students in attempting the topic. Butterfly Method is an approach that not only simplifies the pedagogical approach of learning addition and subtraction of fraction, but also indirectly promotes students’ conceptual understanding in the topic. Yet this approach is not commonly practiced in Brunei. This action research employed quantitative approach involving fourty-one Year 9 IGCSE level students from a government secondary school in Brunei Darussalam. The study aimed to investigate the effect on applying Butterfly Method in the learning of addition and subtraction of fraction through pre-test and post-test. The study revealed a significant improvement in students’ performance through Wilcoxon Signed rank test (Z = 4.2332, p-value < 0.05), with large effect size (r = 0.6611). This is also supported with the improvement of the overall mark distribution of students from pre-test to post-test, with Hake’s normalised gain values indicated majority of the participants achieved high (56.1%), medium (7.32%) and low (2.44%) improvements. Item analysis also indicated overall improvement of correct attempts in questions related to addition and subtraction of fraction, most apparently on fraction problems involving denominators not multiple of each other, improper fractions and mixed numbers. Thus, applying Butterfly Method significantly improved the overall students’ performance in the learning of addition and subtraction of fractions.

Students have difficulties in understanding addition and subtraction of numbers. These difficulties need to be anticipated in order to find ways to reduce them. This research aims to develop the learning designs for addition and subtraction of two-digit numbers using the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach. The snakes and ladders game was used as the learning media, while the language of arrows was used as the context of learning. Using educational design research, this study involved a total of 29 first graders of one of the elementary schools in Bandung City, Indonesia. The sample in this study was selected using purposive sampling. The data were collected through tests and observations. The results of this research indicated that the learning designs had a positive impact on the students’ understanding of the addition and subtraction of two-digit numbers. The students' average score after learning the addition and subtraction of two-digit numbers was 70.62. The principles of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) are the key to student success in understanding mathematical concepts. This research could be used as a reference for developing mathematics learning designs using the RME approach in elementary schools.

The Fraction is a material that is very important for students to learn in elementary school, but various difficulties are shown by students in understanding the material, so this study will analyze the learning obstacle that appears to students in the addition and subtraction material in grade 5 elementary school. The approach in this research uses qualitative and case study methods. The subjects in this study were 5th-grade students of Geger Kalong Girang 1¾2 elementary schools, Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia with a total of 29 students. Data was collected by tests, interviews, and documentation, while for data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study indicated that students experience learning obstacles, including 1) ontogenic obstacle, which is the inability of students to understand the purpose of the problems presented; 2) epistemological obstacle, namely the inability of students to understand the concept of fractions is part of the whole and the inability of students to do the addition and subtraction of fractions, and; 3) didactical obstacle caused by the presentation of material and the teacher's way of teaching which is only informal. This research is expected to facilitate students to understand fractions and be a development material in making teaching materials and didactic design of the addition and subtraction fractions based on learning obstacles that appear in this study.

Image and video processing has become important part in intelligent transportation system (ITS) application, especially for collecting road traffic data. Pictures that already collected by a charged coupled device (CCD) camera usually being processed by several image processing algorithms and the application’s code will be executed in a large number of iteration because many algorithms are getting involved in processing the frame which captured by the camera. Typical application will process the first frame until finish and then continue to the next frame, so the application must wait until the first frame being processed. If the algorithms that executed quite complex and have a significant running time there will be a dropped frame and the time difference between data acquisition and real time video is divided by large margin. We proposed an implementation of multithreading to boost the application performance so the data can be acquire in real time and every new frame could be processed in short time. The application performance before and after using a multithreading is known by comparing the data acquisition time that stored in the database. The application effectiveness could define by running a multiple video streaming in same resolution.

Independent teaching materials in the form of modules containing an understanding of mathematical concepts need to be further developed on a project-based basis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a module for adding and subtracting fractions based on Project-Based Learning (PjBL) for the fourth grade of elementary school. This research applies Thiagarajan 4D research and development methods (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of the research on the development of the Project Based Learning -based fraction addition and subtraction module were declared feasible and effective to be applied in elementary schools. The implementation of PjBL-based modules in elementary schools shows a positive response from students and students' understanding of the addition and subtraction of fractions is increasing.

Metode segmentasi kebanyakan digunakan dalam teknik pengolahan citra yang berkaitan dengan deteksi objek bergerak. Segmentasi pada objek bergerak sangat penting untuk menentukan proses selanjutnya berupa pengenalan atau klasifikasi. Metode yang paling umum digunakan dalam teknik-teknik segmentasi adalah metode pengambangan. Metode pengambangan dibagi menjadi dua yaitu global dan lokal. Pada penelitian kali ini akan mencoba menggunakan salah satu metode pengambangan lokal adaptif yaitu sauvola. Sauvola akan digunakan sebagai nilai ambang dari background subtraction. Garis besar dari metode yang diusulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah ekstraksi frame, inisialisasi background, preprocessing, background subtraction, sauvola, pemberian masking. Hasil terbaik rata-rata MSE dan PSNR adalah 0.0011 dan 53,6653. Pengambangan dengan sauvola mendapat hasil cukup baik dan layak sebagai nilai ambang dari background subtraction.

The accuracy of speech recognition system decreases when used on a noisy speech. Therefore, the speech recognition system needs to be supported by a speech enhancement method. This study proposes Berauti spectral subtraction method that uses gaussian window and minimum statistics noise estimation in order to improve the quality of noisy speech hence increase the accuracy of noisy speech recognition. Speech recognition system is built using the Hidden Markov Model Toolkit (HTK). This study applied three types of noise, five SNR levels, six oversubtraction values and four sidelobe gaussian window attenuation values with 1500 speech signals. Improvement of speech recognition accuracy using Gaussian window is compared with Hamming window. The results of the study shows that sidelobe and oversubtraction attenuation values affects recognition accuracy. The average speech recognition accuracy using gaussian window improve about 36.4% which is obtained at oversubtraction 4.75 and sidelobe attenuation = 1.5. Whereas, application of hamming window improves the accuracy about 18,7 % which is obtained at oversubtraction 2.5. Spectral subtraction using gaussian window or hamming window is able to improve the speech recognition accuracy, but gaussian window is better than hamming window.

Kemacetan di Indonesia sering terjadi dikota-kota besar. Hal tersebut terjadi dikarenakan banyaknya volume kendaraan yang terus bertambah dan bertambahnya volume kendaaran tersebut tidak sebanding dengan kondisi ruas jalan yang tentunya cepat atau lambat akan terjadi penumpukan sejumlah kendaraan sehingga terjadi kemacetan. Sistem pengaturan lampu lalu lintas (traffict light) dengan menggunakan pengaturan berbasis waktu tetap seperti sekarang ini maka banyak atau sedikit-nya jumlah kendaraan yang berada pada jalur-jalur persimpangan tidak mempengaruhi kinerja lampu lalulintas. Disamping itu kemacetan juga dapat mempengaruhi berbagai macam kegiatan masyarakat karena disamping berdampak pada kelancaran kegiatan masyarakat dan tak kalah pentingnya pada dampak pendapatan masyarakat. Maka pada penelitian ini akan dibuat sebuah perancangan Prototype Smart traffic light untuk mendeteksi tingkat kepadatan kendaraan yang berada pada persimpangan ruas jalan, sehingga dapat memperkirakan ruas jalan mana yang membutuhkan waktu hijau lebih banyak (kondisi ruas jalan padat) dan memperkirakan ruas jalan yang tidak membutuhkan waktu lampu hijau lebih ( kondisi jalan kosong / Sedikit kendaraan ). Dalam pendeteksian tingkat kepadatan kendaraan di traffic light, didapatkan sebuah hasil persentase kepadatan anatar lain 100%, 90%, 70%, 50%, dan 30%. Pada persentase 100% sistem mendeteksi kepadatan jalur sehingga dilakukan penambahan waktu, Persentase 90% sistem mendeteksi kepadatan jalur sehingga dilakukan penambahan waktu. Persentase 70% sistem mendeteksi kepadatan jalur sehingga dilakukan penambahan waktu. Persentase 50% sistem tidak mendeteksi kepadatan jalur sehingga tidak dilakukan penambahan waktu. Persentase 30% sistem tidak mendeteksi kepadatan jalur sehingga tidak dilakukan penambahan waktu.

The increasing number of vehicle causes the increasing of traffic density in which one of the main factors of congestion. Traffic density is usually alocated at certain points of roads, one at the instersection. In the novel technology, traffic in the crossroads had been controlled by traffic light using a traffic density prediction system. This prediction system would determine the duration of active green lights and red lights at each intersection. One of the most common prediction systems is a statistical estimation of vehicle density. Other method at controlling traffic density such as visually monitoring system might be implemented to increase system performance. Therefore, this research proposes an automatically traffic control system by predicting traffic density using image processing techniques. The proposed system is using a camera to visually monitor traffic condition. The image data obtained from the camera would be processed using an image processing and background subtraction techniques. This technique compared an the captured-image with a reference image to result a subtracted-image depicted the traffic density which is represented by the number of white pixels. Based on the number of white pixels that have been obtained, the percentage of vehicle queue length and vehicle density can be determine. The percentage then sent to the microcontroller in order to control the duration of the active green light. The traffic light control system using traffic density calculation has an accuracy of up to 77.03% while using the calculation of vehicle queue length reached 91.18%.

The purpose of the study is to determine the influence of the problem-based learning model on the mathematics learning outcomes of grade VII students on statistical materials. The research method used in this study is Pre-Experimental Design with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design model. The research was carried out by direct observation in the classroom by giving a pretest at the beginning of learning to 30 grade VII students and giving a posttest at the end of learning. To find out the difference in student learning outcomes, the researcher used a problem-based learning model. At the beginning of learning, the average score from the pretest was 59.80. After the application of the problem-based learning model and given a posttest, the average score on the posttest was 77.03. The data collection methods used were tests, documentation, and observation. Meanwhile, to analyze the data using the pretest and posttest statistical description test, normality test and Paired sample T-Test using SPSS. Test the normality of the data to find out if the data is normally distributed. It is known from the normality test, the significance value in the pretest value is 0.200 and the significance value in the posttest score is 0.069 greater than 0.05 which shows that the residual value states that the data is normally distributed. Meanwhile, the paired sample t-test value with a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000, meaning that the paired sample t-test value is less than 0.05 or 0.000 < 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a difference in the mathematics learning outcomes of grade VII students in the statistics material at SMP Mutiara Islami Plus before and after the implementation of the problem-based learning model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pendataan dari video yang direkam pada waktu malam hari memiliki tingkat kesulitan yang lebih tinggi daripada waktu pagi atau siang hari. Perubahan pencahayaan yang dihasilkan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas gambar dari rekaman video yang dihasilkan. Sehingga pengaruh pencahayaan pada saat malam hari menghasilkan kualitas rekaman video yang sangat rendah, hal ini disebabkan karena pencahayaan pada malam hari sering mengalami perubahan secara drastis. Beberapa metode yang sering digunakan dalam menyelesaikan masalah pelacakan objek bergerak antara lain background subtraction dan algoritma OTSU. Dalam menentukan threshold, algoritma OTSU tidak dapat mendeteksi gambar secara optimal saat berhubungan dengan gambar lain dilevel abu-abu. Dengan mengusulkan algoritma adaptive threshold yang didapatkan dari algoritma FCM diharapkan dapat meningkatkan akurasi untuk mendeteksi objek bergerak pada pencahayaan yang bervarisi. Sehingga dapat dilakukan penelitian ke depan untuk analisis cerdas dalam melacak pola dan deteksi perilaku anomali oleh kendaraan di jalan

[English]: Students’ misconceptions in addition and subtraction of integers need to be addressed since this topic is a prerequisite for students to learn advanced mathematics topics such as algebra. Having misconceptions in understanding the prerequisite concepts will hamper the acquisition and integration of new knowledge. The purpose of this study was to develop refutation text to resolve the misconception of students in addition and subtraction of integers. Refutation text was developed in the form of student worksheet adopting the development model from Borg and Gall (1983). Tryout of refutation text involved fifteen seventh-grade students. The study found that (1) The experts’ validation reveals that refutation text is suitable to be used as learning media for students on addition and subtraction of integers; (2) The refutation text implemented in the tryout was useful to resolve students’ misconception in addition and subtraction of integers; and (3) The practitioner’s assessment and students’ response showed that refutation text is practical. Drawing from the findings, we argue that the developed refutation text help students correcting their misconceptions in the topics and could be used by the teachers in the classroom practices. However, the refutation text needs to be extended to anticipate students’ mistake in interpreting word problems by providing some possible mistakes and its correction. Keywords: Misconceptions, Refutation text, Integers [Bahasa]: Miskonsepsi siswa dalam penjumlahan dan pengurangan bilangan bulat perlu diatasi karena materi ini merupakan prasyarat bagi siswa untuk mempelajari materi matematika lanjutan seperti aljabar. Kesalahan dalam memahami konsep prasyarat akan menghambat penerimaan dan integrasi pengetahuan baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan media pembelajaran refutation text untuk mengatasi miskonsepsi siswa dalam penjumlahan dan pengurangan bilangan bulat. Refutation text yang dikembangkan berbentuk Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) dengan merujuk pada model pengembangan Borg dan Gall (1983). Uji coba refutation text dilakukan pada 15 orang siswa SMP kelas VII. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) hasil penilaian ahli menunjukkan refutation text layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran bagi guru dalam mengajarkan penjumlahan dan pengurangan bilangan bulat; (2) refutation text yang diterapkan di kelas uji coba efektif dalam mengatasi miskonsepsi siswa dalam penjumlahan dan pengurangan bilangan bulat; dan (3) hasil penilaian praktisi dan respon siswa menunjukkan bahwa refutation text praktis digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran untuk mengatasi miskonsepsi siswa. Dalam hal ini, refutation text yang dikembangkan membantu siswa memperbaiki kesalahan konsep pada materi penjumlahan dan pengurangan bilangan bulat dan bisa digunakan oleh guru di kelas. Namun, refutation text tersebut perlu dikembangkan untuk mengantisipasi kesalahan siswa dalam menafsirkan soal cerita dengan menyediakan beberapa kemungkinan kesalahan interpretasi dan perbaikan. Kata kunci: Miskonsepsi, Refutation text, Bilangan bulat

Salah satu hal penting pada computer vision adalah ciri (feature) citra. Ciri digunakan sebagai dasar untuk mendeteksi objek, baik itu benda, manusia maupun hewan. Ciri citra yang biasa digunakan dalam penelitian antara lain tepian, sudut, bentuk maupun gradient histogram. Penelitian ini menjelaskan kinerja algoritma background subtraction pada unit pemroses berdaya rendah sebagai salah satu algoritma pada computer vision. Algoritma ini memiliki kompleksitas yang rendah dan dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi objek sehingga berpotensi diterapkan pada kamera keamanan. Algoritma ini bekerja dengan melakukan pengurangan nilai piksel current frame dengan background model. Penelitian ini telah berhasil menerapkan algoritma dasar pengolahan citra, yaitu algoritma background subtraction pada modul ESP32. Pengujian menggunakan input citra yang memiliki dimensi 80x60 piksel dengan format warna 8bit grayscale. Ukuran frame citra 80 x 60 piksel dipilih sebagai citra uji karena keterbatasan memory DRAM EPS32 sebesar 328 KB (kilobyte). Implementasi pada modul ESP32 yang dilengkapi dengan mikroprosesor Xtensa 32-bit LX6 yang bekerja pada frekuensi 240MHz dapat memproses algoritma background subtraction 10000 kali dalam waktu ±2000ms menggunakan input citra uji tersebut. Kata Kunci – Background Subtraction; ESP32; Image Processing; Microcontroller; Object Detection.

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) is a cerebrovascular disease in the form of occlusion due to thrombus in the venous and cerebral sinuses which rarely occurs with varied clinical symptoms and radiological features and very difficult to diagnose. D-Dimer can be used as a diagnostic marker for cases of venous thromboembolism, with sensitivity of around 90-92%, but the specificity is not too high (70-73%) because it can also increase in other condition. Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) is a gold standard examination to establish the diagnosis of CVST. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between D-Dimer level and CVST using DSA at Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital in Bandung. This study used an observational analytic method with case-control study design using retrospective data from medical records at Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital from January 2017- August 2019. The research subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely the high D-Dimer levels and the normal/low D-dimer levels. There are 40 people who meet the inclusion criteria, ages averaging from 44.77±14.399 years and consists of 9 male patients (22.5%) and 31 women patients (77.5%). For normal/low D-Dimer levels 20 patients (50.0%) and high D-Dimer levels 20 patients (50.0%). Statistical test results measuring D-Dimer and CVST levels found a significant relationship (p

Penggunaan teknologi informasi untuk mengatasi kemacetan lalu lintas sudah banyak digunakan, salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan CCTV. Citra dari CCTV diurai antara foreground (citra kendaraan, sebagai salah satu komponen penyebab kemacetan) dan backgroundnya (citra latar lalu lintas), fokus penelitian salah satunya adalah cara menentukan background model dengan berbagai macam teknik. Pada penelitian ini mencoba memberikan alternatif penentuan background model dengan menerapkan kandidat sampling background sebagai background model. Lokasi penelitan pada simpang bypass ketaping padang dan pengambilan gambar menggunakan raspberry pi dan web camera dengan arah tembakan menyamping dan durasi tembakan tiap menit. Hasil yang didapatkan cukup memuaskan terutama pada kondisi pagi dan siang hari. Abstract The use of information technology to overcome traffic congestion has been widely used, one of them is by using CCTV. The image of CCTV is parsed between the foreground (vehicle image, as one of the components of the congestion cause) and the background (traffic background image), the focus of research is one way of determining the background model with various techniques. In this research try to give alternative background model determination by applying background sampling candidate as background model. Research location at intersection bypass ketaping and taking pictures using raspberry pi and web camera with sideways shot direction and duration of shots every minute. The results obtained are quite satisfactory, especially in the condition of morning and afternoon.

Deteksi obyek manusia merupakan salah satu arah penelitian yang penting untuk meningkatkan emampuan sistem pengawasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang suatu program pengolahan citra yang mampu menghitung jumlah obyek pejalan kaki yang terekam di dalam video menggunakan 30 video yang direkam dalam beberapa kondisi yaitu kondisi terang atau siang hari di luar ruangan, di dalam ruangan, dan pada kondisi gelap atau malam hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode background subtraction dan operasi morfologi. Metode Background subtraction dapat mendeteksi subtstraksi pada background dengan mengubah citra menjadi citra biner dan menentukan tingkat kepekaan perubahan pixel background. Operasi morfologi digunakan untuk menghilangkan noise yang dapat mengganggu keberhasilan deteksi pada video. Pada pengujian beberapa sample video yang mewakili beberapa kondisi yaitu terang, gelap, dan di dalam ruangan, diperoleh nilai threshold 0.5, nilai elemen penstruktur operasi opening 3x3, dan nilai elemen penstruktur operasi closing 18x18. Pada pengujian 10 video dalam pencahayaan terang, 8 video yang akurat dengan perhitungan manual, 2 video tidak akurat. Dari 10 video pengujian dalam ruangan, 2 video akurat, dan 8 video tidak akurat. dan dari 10 pengujian video kondisi gelap atau redup, 1 video akurat, dan 9 video tidak akurat.

The addition and subtraction of fractions are considered one of the most difficult topics in mathematics for students. However, interventions to improve student performance in this direction are not widespread. This action research study investigated the effectiveness of synchronous videoconference intervention in improving student performance in addition and subtraction of fractions. It also explored the perceptions of students about synchronous e-learning sessions. A total of 51 Year 7 students conveniently sampled from a government school in Brunei Darussalam served as participants for this study. The action taken included a pre-test, a videoconference lesson intervention, a post-test, survey, and interviews. The paired sample t-test revealed a significant difference in test scores t(50) = -3.50, p

Moving object detection systems have been widely used in everyday life. Currently, research in the field of background subtraction is still being carried out to achieve maximum accuracy results. This study aims to model the background subtraction of an image using the mean value with the concept of non-overlapping block. Furthermore, the background abstraction results will be used in deep learning-based moving object detection. Specifically, the input image will be divided into several blocks, then the mean value of each block will be calculated to later produce a binary block (binary map). The binary blocks that have been generated will be used as input for background modeling. The background model aims to separate moving objects from the background in the input image. The resulting moving object (object localization) will be sent to the object classification stage using deep learning. The dataset used in this study is CDNet 2014. The results of the study were able to produce a more accurate moving object detection system. Quantitative tests carried out resulted in an accuracy of above 90%.

Gesture is the easiest and most expressive way of communication between humans and computers, especially gestures that focus on hand and facial movements. Users can use simple gestures to communicate their ideas with a computer without interacting physically. One form of communication between users and machines is in the teaching and learning process in college. One of them is the way the speakers deliver material in the classroom. Most speakers nowadays make use of projectors that project PowerPoint slides from a connected laptop. In running the presentation, the speaker needs to move a slide from one slide to the next or to the previous slide. Therefore, a hand gesture recognition system is needed so it can implement the above interactions. In this study, a PowerPoint navigation control system was built. Digital imaging techniques use a combination of methods. The YCbCr threshold method is used to detect skin color. Furthermore, the morphological method is used to refine the detection results. Then the background subtraction method is used to detect moving objects. The classification method uses the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). With 526 hand images, the result shows that the accuracy of the confusion matrix is 74.5% and the sensitivity is 76.47%. From the accuracy and sensitivity values, it can be concluded that the Hidden Markov Model method can detect gestures quite well as a PowerPoint slide navigation control.

This study aims to describe the manufacture and use of Cuisenaire rod learning media for understanding the concepts of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of integers for elementary school students. The research method used is literature study, which is a series of activities related to the methods of collecting library data, reading and recording, and processing research materials. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data sources and research results in library research in the form of a description. Data sources are bibliographic or come from various literature, including books, journals, newspapers, personal documents, etc. The research results are that the utilization of Cuisenaire rod media is more optimized on learning in elementary schools, especially in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of integers because Cuisenaire rod media can help understand and can concrete the concept of numbers. In addition, it can be used as reference material for research on learning addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of integers by utilizing different learning media.

The learning of addition and subtraction that usually be done in sequence impact students’ tendency to separate type of the strategies employ to solve the related problems. In fact, there are a number of situations that can be observed and solved through both lenses. Therefore, in this study we designed a simultaneous addition and subtraction of two-digit numbers learning trajectory. The learning activities were constructed based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Approach. This design study was conducted in three steps consist of preliminary study, teaching experiments, and retrospective analysis. The teaching experiments were done in two cycle, the first was done with four students and the second was done with 33 students in two classes of an elementary school located in Singaraja, Bali. The data related to number sense ability were gathered from observation and students’ written work in solving worksheet and post-test. The collected data were analyzed using constant comparative method. From the results, we found that a simultaneous learning of two-digit numbers addition and subtraction were effectively develop the students’ number sense and encourage the students to develop efficient counting strategies.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Mendeskripsikan kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal penjumlahan dan pengurangan berbasis bilangan bulat HOTS, 2) Mendeskripsikan penyebab kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam mengerjakan soal penjumlahan dan pengurangan berbasis bilangan bulat HOTS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik tes tertulis, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari lembar tes, pedoman observasi, dan pedoman wawancara. Uji validitas data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan triangulasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis model Milles dan Huberman yang terdiri dari penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa adalah (1) kesalahan pada jawaban akhir (31,22%); (2) kesalahan dalam memahami inti (32,18%); (3) kesalahan pada langkah penyelesaian (20,45%); (4) kesalahan dalam membaca soal (0%). Hal ini dikarenakan siswa belum memahami konsep, sehingga siswa tidak mampu menemukan solusi dalam memecahkan masalah pada soal. Sehingga siswa tidak menemukan hasil dengan benar dan menyebabkan siswa melakukan kesalahan dalam mengerjakan soal.

Many students don't like math. This dislike makes students not very familiar with subtraction calculation operations, thus making the students' ability to calculate subtraction operations is still low in completing subtraction count operations. Based on the background of the problem, this study is expected to provide answers to the formulation of the problem “How is the influence of the abacus media on the ability to calculate the reduction of second grade students at MI Islamiyah Mulyoagung Singgahan Tuban 2019/2020?”. Based on the formulation of the problem, this study aims “To describe the effect of abacus media on the ability to count reduction operations in grade II students at MI Islamiyah Mulyoagung Singgahan Tuban 2019/2020”. This research uses Quasi Experiment method with quantitative approach through independent sample t test analysis technique. Data collection methods in this study used observation, tests and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis then clarified with tables and graphs. The subject of this research is MI Islamiyah Mulyoagung Singgahan Tuban with samples according to the population of 34 students and the sampling technique used was random sampling technique. From the results of the study it can be concluded that tcount = 3.882 and ttable = 1.693. This means that tcount> ttable so that it can be concluded that there is an influence of the use of abacus media on the ability to calculate grade II student reduction operations at MI Islamiyah Mulyoagung. Increased ability to count reduction operations is influenced by the use of abacus media. This is evidenced from the average value of pretest and posttest. Before the experimental group was given a tretment the average pretest value obtained was 69 in the medium category, and after being given a treatment the posttest average value was 81.76 in the high category. While the control group obtained an average pretest value of 68 in the moderate category and because the control group was not given an average treatment of the posttest obtained by 68.82 in the moderate category.

Mathematics is one of the subjects in school that trains students to think logically and systematically. Therefore, it is important for students to understand all material presented. Unfortunately, based on the preliminary study results in, it showed that in learning mathematics especially in operation of negative integer’s subtraction is still not well-understood since the difficulty of distinguishing minus signs and negative signs. This is due to the lack of use of teaching aids related to the materials. To solve the problem, researcher used the number line media assisted with puppet to deliver concept of concrete object going back and forth on a number board. This research tried to measure the effect of the number line media on students understanding of the operation of negative integer’s subtraction. This pre-experimental with one-group pretest-posttest design research found that students’ understanding of the operation of negative integer’s subtraction before using the number line media was an average value of 57.0, while after using the number line media showed an average value of 80.4. Based on the result of the t-test, the significance value of students pretest and posttest result was 0,000. If compared to 0,000 0,005 the H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. It can be concluded that the number line media has a significant influence on students understanding of the operation of negative integer’s subtraction.

Copyright of Akademika is the property of Akademika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan bagaimana media tarser digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran operasi pada bilangan bulat, khususnya operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan pada bilangan bulat. Penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dipilih sebagai metode dalam mengumpulkan data meliputi empat tahap sebagai berikut: merencanakan, tindakan, mengamati, dan merefleksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 2 siklus bagi siswa kelas VII SMPN Khusus Jeneponto. Dari aplikasi tindakan ini menunjukkan perubahan positif terhadap hasil belajar yang diindikasi dengan skor rata-rata siklus I sebesar 79 termasuk kategori “baik” menjadi skor rata-rata 88 termasuk kategori “baik sekali” pada siklus kedua. Dengan kata lain, media tarser dalam pembelajaran materi operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan dapat mendukung pencapaian positif hasil belajar siswa dan layak menjadi alternatif media pembelajaran bagi guru dalam memfasilitasi siswa mengkonstruksi pemahaman konsep operasi bilangan bulat. This study aims to show how media tarser is used in learning operations in integers, especially the addition and subtraction operations of integers. Classroom action research (CAR) was chosen as a method of collecting data covering the following four stages: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. This research was conducted for 2 cycles for grade VII students of Jeneponto Special Middle School. From the application of this action shows a positive change in learning outcomes indicated by the average cycle I score of 79 including the "good" category to an average score of 88 including the "excellent" category in the second cycle. In other words, the tarser media in learning addition and subtraction operation materials can support the positive achievement of student learning outcomes and deserve to be an alternative learning medium for teachers in facilitating students to construct an understanding of the concept of integer operations

The aim of this study was to describe arithmetic algorithm on transaction em­ployed by Blij h. The study was a qualitative approach by means of case study in Madurese community. The data were gathered through observation and interviews. The partisipants of this study were 8 Blij h living in Paiton, Probolinggo. The data were analyzed using Miles & Huberman model. The results of this study obtained some arithmatics algorithm of addition, subtraction, multipication, and division. This paper, however, will only focus on addition and subtraction algorithm. The data reveals that there are several differences in the algorithm used by Blij h and the one taught at school. The results of this study could be used as one of teaching and learning approach to develop numerical and mental calculation skills.

To describe mental computation strategies of the dyslexic student in performing the addition and subtraction of 1-digit and 2-digit integer. Mental computation is a process of doing arithmetic calculations without using other tools. This strategy will help dyslexic students find more accurate and flexible solution while solving the arithmetic problem because it can minimize their weaknesses in terms of reading and writing. This research uses the qualitative approach. Data were collected by using a task-based interview for two dyslexic students. The results of this study indicate that dyslexic students use the spin-around strategy to solve the addition for the 1-digit number and the working from the right and from the left strategies to solve the addition for the 2-digit number. Meanwhile, to solve the subtraction problem, dyslexic students use think addition and counting back strategies for the 1-digit number and Working from The Right strategy for the 2-digit number.

This study imns to teach the concept of integer addition and subtract operations in elementary schools by using ALPER SILABU. Using the ADDIE model consists of five phase (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) to develop ALPER SILABU. ALPER SILABU has gone through tests of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The results of ALPER SILABU validity obtained 97.6%, which means the media is valid. In practicality, the results of the study obtained 93.3% toal score which means the media is practical. The results of the field trials obtained an N-Gain score of 0.81 which is in the high category. The N-Gain results show that effective ALPER SILABU increases the understanding of students' concepts of integer addition and subtraction operations. Thus, the results of ALPER SILABU for teaching the concepts of addition operations and reduction in mathematical integers are valid, practical, and effective.

This study aims to investigate an intervention in the application of the Butterfly Method Algorithm with the Bar Model Concept on the addition and subtractions of Fractions to Year 9 students in one of the Government secondary schools in Brunei Darussalam. The Butterfly Method is an alternative visual method for teaching fractions where the diagonal and horizontal multiplication of the denominators and numerators are employed by drawing the Butterfly. A mixed-method approach was used to explore the impact of the intervention with data gathered from the students’ written pre- and post-tests and interview transcripts. The tests conducted before and after the intervention were used to analyze students’ errors and misconceptions. The students’ written analyses of the post-test results revealed that not all of the students applied the Butterfly Method. A few students were selected for interviews in order to gain deeper insights into how they developed the errors and misconceptions from both tests. Findings from the students’ interview transcripts revealed they were not confident with the Butterfly Method, and they needed more time to be familiar with the concept. Another factor for not applying the Butterfly Method is due to students’ confusion on subtracting fractions that has the same denominators as well as subtracting a proper fraction from a whole number. This study concluded that students who applied the Butterfly Method helped them to remember the new method from the intervention satisfactorily in comparison to those who lack the confidence in applying it.

Copyright of Techno.com is the property of Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Fakultas Ilmu Komputer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a new approach vehicles detection and classification. In these works, we are creating a system to detect the vehicles and automatically classifying them into three desired classes as Car, Suv, and Truck. Datasets from changedetect.net were used for testing the method. The proposed approach combine Incremental Principle Component Pursuit (IPCP) background subtraction for vehicle detection and it complies with Ensemble subspace -Nearest Neighbor (EsKNN) classifier. A combination of background subtraction and classification of filtering background is used in order to focus on vehicle’s features extraction using HOG corner detections. Then, this feature extraction is classified using an ensemble-based classifiers technique. The choice of classifier depends on features data characteristics, which they were formed in certain unique distance shape stationary relative between classes. The proposed method is evaluated using three datasets of common highway surveillance video. Comparing with other direct detection and classification technique our method has achieved outstanding result. The proposed approach delivers the accuracy 96.5%, the highest among the tested methods. Experimental results show the outstanding performance of the proposed method.

This study aims to investigate pre-service elementary teachers’ knowledge on representing fraction operations by rectangle models. The subjects of this study are 64 pre-service elementary teachers from elementary school techer training study program, faculty of teacher training and education, University of Riau. The research method used is quantitative descriptive by giving a test related to the representations of fraction operations by rectangle models. The result shows that 82,81% pre-service elementary teachers were success representing addition of fractions, and 67,19% of them for subtraction of fractions. Meanwhile, 44,53% pre-service elementary teachers were success representing multiplication of fractions and 24,22% of them for divison of fractions. Then, they were still get difficulty in representing multiplication and division of fractions using rectangle models than addition and subtraction of fractions.