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Background: In the production process, small accidents often occur between fellow workers in the production area, such as workers colliding with each other during the transfer process from one process to the next which causes the product to spill and workers fall, causing injury. PT. XYZ is a company engaged in the seafood industry, especially canning crabs. The company's production process applies a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) system with 12 work areas and 80% of the process is still done manually. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify risks and control the implementation of the HACCP system in the crab canning industry using the HAZOP method. Method: This type of research is a descriptive study, using the HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) method. The research was carried out at 12 nodes, namely receiving, checking aroma, sorting, mixing and filling, metal detecting, weighing, seaming, pasteurization, chilling, packing, and sanitation. Result: The results showed 4 risk ratings, namely low, medium, high, and extreme risk based on 8 sources of potential hazards. The biggest risk that is extreme is in node seaming. Conclusion: Based on processing data, 8 sources of potential hazards that can occur in the pasteurized crab meat production room. The recommendations given are to implement elimination, reduction, engineering control, administrative control, Personal Protective Equipment, work attitude improvement, and OHS training.

In product manufacture, the high failure rate problem of produce product is the number of product defects. Several types of defects have a high enough percentage. To solve this problem, we need to identify the failures and to get the assessment information of the three risk factors. Our research using the traditional FMEA method at the production of Wiring Harness products to shows the current condition of various modes of failure in those areas. This study focuses on implementing fuzzy FMEA to identify the potential risks that may occur along with the assembling of the Wiring Harness process. The fuzzy FMEA approach is preventing product and process problems before they occur, this paper is also expected to result in some mitigation effort that can be applied to improve the Wiring Harness production process. With the Fuzzy FMEA method, we have found the highest FRPN value that shows the highest defect such as damage insulation is 8.5, damage terminal is 8.5, and the damaged part is 8.5 and the highest RPN from the traditional FMEA is damage insulation (324). To solve this problem, we propose to use the fishbone diagram and give suggestions for improvements to the highest failure modes that are damaged insulation.

Introduction: A steam power plant company is an electric energy production company, utilizing main energy sources such as coal, biomass, and other energies that are related to production process. This company is a big industry that operates 24 hours and have many various steps of production process. It is also supported by a variety of high-risk system equipment such as confined spaces, working at height, hot work, ergonomics, mechanics, and others. This type of work can lead to workers’ unsafe conditions and unsafe acts. One of the causes is the psychological aspects of workers, namely the lack of workers’ awareness and understanding in implementing occupational safety aspects. Workers’ psychology in this study is Psychological Capital (PsyCap) with self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience dimensions. This study aims to analyze PsyCap impacts on safety behavior of contractor workers. Methods: this study was an observational analytic research using cross-sectional approach. The population was all workers in a steam power plant company in units 7&8, totalling 400 contractors. This study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 101 respondents of contractor workers. The questionnaires consisted of items about self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience dimension of PsyCap and safety compliance and safety participation dimension of safety behavior. The analysis used a Structural Equational Modeling (SEM) method and AMOS software. Results: PsyCap dimensions that impacted on safety behavior was optimism. Conclusion: optimism dimension was the factor that had the strongest impact on safety behavior especially workers’ safety compliance. Meanwhile, other PsyCap dimensions which did not have not impact on safety behavior were safety compliance and safety participation dimensions. Keywords: contractor worker, psychological capital, safety behavior, steam power plant company, structural equational modelling

Blora and Grobogan are regions with higher production capacity of corn commodity compared to other regions in Central Java province. However, low number of technical irrigation and el-nino phenomenon have become the main threat for the sustainability of corn farming in both regions. During dry session, the top soil of the land are solidified which lead to higher difficulty for planting the corn seed using traditional tool. A n improved design of the traditional seeder is then required to solve this problem to enable farmers plant corn seed during dry session. The objective of this research was to develop seeder prototype with “Tugal Dalam” type in Blora and Grobogan regions where the land have been categorized as marginal land during dry session. The proposed design is based on technical, ergonomic, economical, and social aspect. The qualitative approach was used to obtain the technical, ergonomic al , economical and social aspect required by the farmer. Kansei Engineering is used to translate and eva luate the proposed design through some tests conducted on several group of farmers where they were requested to use 4 seeder design options and write their preference on each design option based on the mentioned aspects. Tests confirmed that the proposed design can be used to plant a corn seed at farmers desired characteristics. Kansei engineering also confirmed that ‘high speed’, ‘easy to operate’, ‘low price’, ‘easy to handle’ and ‘has a watering system’ were preferred by the farmers and determine d their decision on buying and using the seeder tool. Keywords: kansei engineering , marginal land , seeder development , tugal dalam

The home industry is a business that is managed on a small scale. The home industry is a business that is flexible and can be run by anyone who has the ability to manage their own business. One of the home industries located in the city of Palembang is the home industry. This home industry only employs 4-7 employees in its business to produce 250 pastels. In terms of financial management, this home industry does not have special bookkeeping to calculate the business it is running, so that this home industry does not clearly know the costs and benefits of this home industry. Engineering economics is a science that is studied in studying industrial engineering. Engineering economics can be used to analyze the costs and benefits of solving a problem. Technical economics can be used to evaluate finances during the home industry business process. Profits and costs are closely related to the cost of goods manufactured and the break-even point in production.

Fishery product processing business was an effort to increase and add value to fishery products. Activities that involve the community, especially womens who have the potential to be empowered. Fishery product processing activities, especially amplang processing in Sari Jaya Village, Sanga Sanga District, has been developing for a long time. Research aimed was to determine the business profile and business performance financially and to determine the breakeven point of production. The research was conducted using survey methods and interviews with business actors. The sample was taken by using the census method and the data were analyzed descriptively and financially. The research results showed that the business profile was household scale, simple technology, family labour and it has a business license (P-IRT). Financial analysis results showed that the balance value of revenue and costs was 2.19, it means by financially this business is profitable and prospects to be developed. Analysis results of break-even point production were 118 kg per month, while an average production actual is 258 kg per month. While the actual average production was 258 kg per month. The break-even point price is at level of Rp. 45,697 per kg. As for advice, intensive assistance required by technical agencies, especially field extension workers so that they can improve the quality of production and partnership programs to expand market segmentation.

The productivity level of cabbage farming in North Sumatra Province is low compared to other provinces on the island of Sumatra, where Karo Regency represents the general condition in North Sumatra Province. This study aims to estimate the level of technical, allocative, economic efficiency and the factors that affect the technical inefficiency of cabbage farming. The production function uses the Cobb-Douglas production function. Data analysis used the stochastic frontier method with a total sample of 116 farmers. The results of the analysis showed that cabbage farming in Karo District had not achieved technical, allocative and economic efficiency. The average technical, allocative and economic efficiency values of the respondent farmers were 0,697, 0,374 and 0,215. These results indicate that low efficiency is a contributing factor to the low productivity of farmer respondents' cabbage in Karo District. Factors that have a significant effect on efficiency are farming experience, labor ratio, land ownership status and cabbage harvest age. Based on the estimation results, the research policy suggestions include; increase farmer activeness to be involved in farmer groups, build and facilitate the growth and development of agricultural institutions and provide good seeding training so that farmers have good skills, thus improving the technical efficiency of cabbage farming in Karo District.

Indonesia is the largest palm-oil producing country, covering almost 80 percent of global production. With the extensive production capacity, this research seeks to analyze the linkages between palm oil production and its impact on the economy by the individual monthly expenditure. To reveal the connections, this research analyzes the Dutch Disease phenomenon in Indonesia, which explains how the non-tradable sector, palm-oil industry, affects the tradable sector like the manufacturing industry. The panel data variables are selected from 2011 to 2015 within 22 provinces to see the Dutch Disease's implications. As the model is suffered from the endogeneity, the correlation of explanatory variables with the error term, the research uses the Instrumental-Variable Regression method. The analysis indicates that Indonesia was not suffered from Dutch Disease. Therefore, palm oil production could increase individual expenditure. Finally, the extension of palm oil plantations could benefit Indonesia's economy without affecting other sectors.JEL Classification: E21, E24, O13, O44How to Cite:Siregar, C. D. T., & Sihaloho, E. D. (2021). Could Palm Oil Plantation Increase Individual Expenditure? The Dutch Disease Implication in Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 10(1), 77-92. doi: http://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v10i1.15831.

In the manufacturing industry, the most widely used equipment is equipment that uses electricity. Electricity cost is one of the highest operational production costs after labor cost. So, it is very important to save and optimize the use of electrical equipment. One of the manufacturing industries is Taru Martani, Ltd. This research aims to minimize the energy cost by proposing three hybrid algorithms, namely Palmer-NEH, Gupta-NEH, and Dannenbring-NEH methods. Some scheduling evaluation is done using the Efficiency Index (EI) and Relative Error (RE) parameters. It is concluded that the Palmer-NEH and Gupta-NEH methods are the best methods with the lowest energy cost compared with company's actual method and the Dannenbring-NEH method. Based on the Palmer-NEH and Gupta-NEH methods, both methods can save the makespan up to 399.13 minutes or 6.65 hours compared with the company's actual method. With these methods, the company is also able to save the production cost by Rp. 818,043.00.

Introduction: Noise is unwanted sound which comes from various working tools that can cause hearing loss on workers expressed in decibels (dB). The ambient noise value in the workplace is 85 dBA. Ambient temperature in the workplace that is too hot is dangerous for the health of individual workers because it can result in various mental and physical health disorders. Methods: This research was conducted at one of the Ship Production Companies in Indonesia in March to June 2018. This type of research was descriptive and the design of this study was cross-sectional. The variables of this research were technical control, administrative control, and PPE control. The purpose of this study was to describe the efforts of controlling one of the Ship Production Companies in Indonesia in controlling heat stress and noise. The data used were primary data and secondary data. Result: One of the Ship Production Companies in Indonesia still had high heat and noise pressure. Three control efforts have been made including administrative control, technical control, and the use of PPE. The results shown in terms of technical control still did not meet the requirements because not all technical efforts were made. Meanwhile, administrative control and PPE control have met the requirements. Conclusion: Among the three control efforts that have not met the requirements yet are technical licensing while those that have met the requirements are administrative control requirements and the use of PPE.Keywords: heat radiation, noise, ship production

PT. Panca Mitra Multi Perdana is a company engaged in the export-import field. The production division is a division with a large workload and generally has the highest employee turnover compared to other divisions. Employee turnover can be suppressed by increasing perceived organizational support. This is because perceived good organizational support is directly proportional to organizational commitment and employee performance. This study aims to determine the effect of perceived organizational support on organizational commitment and employee performance on production division employees at PT. Panca Mitra Multi Perdana, located in Situbondo. This research uses causal quantitative research. The sample in this study amounted to 100 employees of the production division at PT. Panca Mitra Multi Perdana, located in Situbondo. Samples were selected using the purposive sampling method. Research data were analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results showed that perceived organizational support had a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment with an R-Square value of 0.9123 (91.23%). Perceived organizational support has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with an R-Square value of 0.8997 (89.97%).

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of East Java rice production in 2018. This study uses a model for measuring the efficiency of stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Empirical results of these findings indicate that the efficiency of rice production in East Java in 2018 was said to be very efficient in several districts and towns affected by the variable dry milled grain / GKG and irrigation variables, although there are still some districts and towns that cannot be said to be productive. Additionally, the explanatory variable of population growth affects the technical inefficiency of East Java rice production in 2018. Based on the results of this study's review, the practical implications for the government must continue to work to increase the scale and impact of efficiency on rice production, particularly on adding irrigated land to rice commodities, so that rice production can increase to the maximum and domestic food needs can be satisfied. Since the population of Indonesia continues to rise significantly, and rice is in fact a staple food for the people of Indonesia, rice production needs to be increased to ensure national social security. For this reason, it is necessary for the government to pay more attention to policies regarding the use and addition of paddy fields in order to keep optimum domestic rice production.

In the 21st century disruptive era, in order to survive a company must innovate their business model constantly. In 2006 – 2017, the number of finish goods produced by base and chemical industry sector compare to agriculture and consumer goods sector were lower. Thus, this research tries to do regression with simultenous approach by analyzing variabel combined from the business model canvas concept by Osterwalter and Pigneur, 2010 and production function Cobb Douglas. The BMC was filled with financial report from Bloomberg. From the data, only several variables from BMC can be analyzed, the variables are value proposition, key resources, revenue and cost structure. This research also tries to analyze the relation between BMC internal variabel with external variabel from macro economy. The research results are revenue positively influence finish goods, while revenue is positively influenced by cost of good sols and external variabel national GDP. ARIMA forecast is done in static and dynamic model. From the static model founded that, from 2017-2018 BRNA and TPIA increase their finish goods significantly. For the longer prediction 2017 – 2025 a dynamic model is used, founded that all companies will not have significant growth in their finish goods production. The basic and chemical industry’s finish goods still going to be lower than agriculture and consumer goods industry. Concluded that manufacture industry that relates directly to human’s primary needs, the finish goods average will always be higher than basic industry and chemical in which this sector is not directly needed by human. Keywords: business model canvas; production function cobb douglas; 2sls

Shortest product cycle time is a key criterion for job sequencing and measuring competitiveness among entrepreneurial-based firms. Now, the long waiting time of job orders constitutes a deterministic production line problem in vehicle number plate production plants in Nigeria. Case studies were conducted on those plants, confidentially identified in this paper as A, B, C, and D. Delays caused by non-value-adding work processes are major culprits among other contributors to the long queues at these plants. The value stream mapping technique was applied to identify non-value adding activities before the production line was balanced using an effective cycle time model. The index cases to a balanced line, as shown in the results, are increases in process rate by 41 %, 59 %, 42 %, and 71 % for A, B, C, and D, respectively, and overall line efficiency. Next, the system capacities correspondingly increased with the elimination of wastages. These increments imply that bottleneck activities have been minimized, and we have a balanced production line. The devised solution procedure is reliable and recommended to other line manufacturing concerns that experience delays and bottleneck problems.

The Assembly line is the assembly process that is carried out based on the order of the production process in the production line. The problem that is often found in assembly lines is bottleneck conditions where some material piled up at the station. This situation indicates an imbalance in the production line. The improvement of the work method is one of the effective ways that can increase line efficiency. This study presents an increase in line efficiency by improving working methods in a washing machine assembly line of PT.X. The study aimed to increase the value of line efficiency by improving work methods. In this study, improvements were made using the line balancing method and Eliminate, Combine, Rearrange, Simplify (ECRS) concept. The results that have been done, the obtained value of line efficiency for washing machine products is 76.76%. This value has not reached the company's productivity target of 99.50%. Therefore it is necessary to improve the assembling line to increase the value of product production. The proposed improvements made with improvements to the work methods on the assembling line obtained 89.38% results is to increase the amount of line efficiency by improving work methods., PT. X adalah industri manufaktur yang memproduksi barang elektronik untuk pasar domestik dan internasional. Produk elektronik yang diproduksi di PT. X termasuk radio, lemari es, pompa air, AC, kipas angin, dan mesin cuci. Penelitian ini berfokus pada produk mesin cuci. Berdasarkan penelitian, kondisi bottleneck ditemukan di mana beberapa bahan menumpuk di stasiun dan menemukan kondisi menganggur di mana operator menganggur karena menunggu material dari stasiun kerja sebelumnya dan masih menemukan pekerjaan yang tidak efektif dilakukan oleh operator. Situasi ini mencerminkan ketidakseimbangan dalam jalur produksi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan nilai line efficiency dengan meningkatkan metode kerja. Dalam penelitian ini, perbaikan dilakukan menggunakan metode line balancingdan konsep ECRS. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh nilai line efficiency untuk produk mesin cuci adalah 76,76%. Nilai ini belum mencapai target produktivitas perusahaan sebesar 99,50%. Oleh karena itu perlu untuk memperbaiki lini perakitan untuk meningkatkan nilai produksi produk. Usulan perbaikan yang dilakukan dengan perbaikan metode kerja pada lini perakitan memperoleh hasil 89,27%.

Market Mechanisms in the development of the Economy there have been many innovations carried out by modern economic figures. In this case the market mechanism that develops a lot is the difference between the modern mechanism with the mechanism of Islamic economic thought, where Islamic economic thinkers first introduced the market mechanism especially by Islamic economic thinker Abu Yusuf, recorded as the earliest scholars who began to allude to the market mechanism. In terms of market mechanism Abu Yusuf gives a different view to public opinion, where high prices do not mean there is scarcity of goods and cheap prices do not mean abundant goods, but there are other variables that determine price formation. Abu Yusuf also opposed the authorities in setting prices. But he also allows price intervention in the market in certain circumstances. Abu Yusuf said that the price level does not only depend on demand but also on the strength of supply. Therefore, an increase or decrease in the price level does not necessarily have to be related to an increase or decrease in production alone. Keywords: Market mechanism, Abu Yusuf Economic Thought

Social studies subjects are one of the subjects that are not liked because the learning context is too monotonous containing memorization and readings that make the learning process saturated. This study aims to determine the increase in social studies activities and learning outcomes in the development of production technology by applying the Connecting Organizing Reflecting Extending (CORE) learning model. This study used the Classroom Action Research (CAR) or Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) method by Kemmis and Mc.Taggart models. The results of this study were in the first cycle of student activity aspects of visual activities 71.8% (good), aspects of oral activities 69.2% (good criteria), and aspects of listening activities 77% (good). In the second cycle, there was an increase namely the students' activities visual aspects to 83.3% (very good), aspects of oral activities 81.4% (very good), and aspects of listening activities 83.3% (very good). For the final test results, students also experienced an increase. The magnitude of the increase in the percentage of mastery learning from the initial data to the first cycle increased from 46.1% to 69.2%, while from the first cycle to the second cycle an increase from 69.2% to 92.3% of students who completed. Thus, it can be stated that the CORE model can improve student learning outcomes towards social studies learning on the material development of production technology in fourth-grade students at SDN Salamjajar, Cisitu District, Sumedang region.

Tin mining on Bangka Island was monopolized by large companies since the colonial period until twenty years ago. Furthermore, illegal tin miners or unconventional mines (tambang inkonvensional or TI) are the main actors in tin exploitation. We conducted research on the network of tin mining actors to explain the social relations, capital, and business of tin miners. Through the case study method, we observed and interviewed our informants during the March-October 2018 period. Within the neo-extractivism framework, we examined that TI players were connected to the mining business supported by global investment through a network of sub-collectors, collectors, and the smelting industry. This network serves to legalize the tin obtained by TI while ensuring the supply of industrial raw materials to support exports. We conclude that there has been a shift from production to distribution sectors. When emphasis on production processes, various institutional decays occur which involve state actors in it. Next, as attention is paid to the distribution chain, a shadow network that hides behind official companies emerges.

This study aimed to analyze the income and factors affecting the income of the artisan palm sugar maker in a Women Farmer Group (WFG) in Candimulyo District, Magelang Regency named Srikandi. This study done from November 17th to December 15th, 2019 in Srikandi WFG, Kebonrejo Village, Candimulyo District, Magelang Regency. This study was employing a census method with a total of 33 artisan palm sugar maker. The data collection done by interview, observation, and literature review technique. Data analyzed by the production cost, revenue and income, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results showed that mean sugar palm production, mean production cost, mean revenue, or mean income was 2.89 kg/production/day, IDR 34,225.91/production volume/day, IDR 49,068.18/production volume/day, and IDR 14,942.27/production volume/day. The multiple linear regression analysis equation was Y= 1009.844 + 979.915X1 – 17798.012X2 + 9330.432X3 – 0.704X4 + e. The factor of additional material, worker utilization, production, and fuel cost simultaneously affected the income. Partially, the worker utilization, production, and fuel cost affected the income, while the amount of the additional material didn’t affect the income partially.

Economic needs urge the men as breadwinners to become migrant workers or Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) in Malaysia, including people in Pangkah Kulon village. This community service aimed at empowering women of the migrant family to manage the family economy, increase their awareness about the potential of seaweed products, and improve their ability to use seaweed products through fieldwork. Participatory Action Research (PAR) was applied in the form of collaboration between researchers and the community to research together, formulates problems, plan actions, and carry out activities continuously. The results showed that the women of migrant workers family gained awareness of the importance of increasing the use of seaweed products into processed materials that have economic value, and the importance of networking in the use of marine products. They also managed to establish a "Jamal Sejahtera" business group with superior production from processed seafood products, namely, shellfish, payus fish and gereh.

This study aimed to know: (1) the form of the collaboration done on the green cayenne pepper production and marketing between the farmer and the distributor (2) to analyze the farmer income on the green cayenne pepper production and marketing collaboration. This study was conducted in the central of the cayenne pepper production in East Lombok Regency in March 2017-March 2018. The survey method was employed in this study. The population and participants joined in this study were chosen by the purposive sampling technique. The descriptive analysis was done to merge the quantitative and qualitative analyses used in this study. Results showed that the cayenne pepper production and marketing between the farmer and distributor were productive and able to strengthen their social capital. Technological devices used were also effective in increasing the production of the cayenne pepper as much as IDR 11,343 IDR kg/ha. The farmer gross income mean was reaching IDR 243,210,000/ha, while the mean of the production cost was IDR 80,040,000/ha, therefore the net income was IDR 163/170,000/ha. The cayenne pepper marketing between the distributors in the West Nusa Tenggara and some regencies in Indonesia was done based on trust and some social norms agreed.

Work fatigue is a problem that most often arises in the workplace and can affect work productivity. That problem also occurs at PT ASA Yogyakarta, many workers who complain of aches in the upper muscles and waist at work. Based on this, the research aims to design an ergonomic work system on the sewing production floor of PT. ASA Yogyakarta. The design of the work system is done to fix the problems done by workers so that it is expected to increase productivity. The method used is Kansei Engineering. The results of this study indicate that the proposed work system design meets the desires of workers with Stuart-Maxwell values testing marginal homogeneity of Z> 0.05. Work system designs made include sewing chairs and tables adjusted in size to worker anthropometry, approved backrests on chairs, lighting lamps replaced with LED lights, plug lamps on sewing machines, and plug bulkheads as sound dampers.

The National Energy General Plan (RUEN) has set 11.6 million kiloliters of biodiesel production target in 2025. The determination of biodiesel production targets in RUEN is part of the objectives mandated in the National Energy Policy (KEN), which is to achieve energy security and independence. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of biodiesel agroindustry on the achievement of national energy security in 2025. The simulation conducted in this study uses Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) software, which based on the accounting model. The model has run on Business as Usual (BAU) scenario, using four dimensions and 12 indicators of energy security in the context of biodiesel agroindustry. Model simulation results show a decreasing energy security trend in the period of 2022-2025, while the biodiesel production target, which was set at RUEN, cannot be achieved in 2025. This is mainly related to availability and affordability, which experienced a decline in the period. Further research needs to be done on the strategy of developing biodiesel agroindustry by considering scenarios of increasing production capacity and productivity as well as its impact on national energy security.

The problem faced by IbM partner, Traditional Farmers Group located in the Village Sumbersari Poncokusumo Malang, is the the slow increase in weight gain per unit time of Brahman Cattle. To get ready to sell a decent weight of at least 500 kg, according to the Department of Agriculture, requires a maximum period of 6 months; however, the reality of Traditional Farmers Group located in the Village Sumbersari takes more than 12 months and some even 24 months. This is because the feed given to the Brahman cattle do not have good quality because it uses fresh straw. This IbM's goal is to provide a solution for farmers who face the problem of animal feed. The program was conducted in the Village Sumbersari Poncokusumo Malang East Java Province during May to October 2010 (6 months) involving 2 groups of partners and 20 traditional Brahman cattle breeders. The activities carried out consist of production training, animal feed production, and review of production results. The IbM activities that have been achieved are training, production practices, and action studies on 7 types of making preserved cattle feed from straw. Based on the results of the activity, it can be concluded that IbM partner breeders have improved knowledge, production skills, and action reviews in utilizing straw products as cattle feed.

Production management strategiesFTV Starvision related to Indonesian culture are the object of problems in research. The purpose of this study is to provide an understanding that the FTV Starvision shows are highly related to Indonesian culture. The results of the study concluded that Starvision in production FTV used several strategies at each stage of its production. Start from the stage preproduction, production, post production and evaluation. The strategy includes using newcomer performers whose salaries are still low, using locations that are often used so that in terms of licensing it is easier, to use vendors for equipment, and others. These strategies to save production costs. Another strategy is to use location, dialogue, accent, costume, property, which is very thick with Indonesian culture, it to introduce Indonesian culture through television media especially FTV. Key Words : Management Strategy, Film Production Stage, Film Television (FTV) Starvision, Production Cost Budget, Indonesian Culture. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/nomosleca.v6i1.3957

The level of effectiveness and efficiency of production is required to have high value and accuracy of proper demand forecasting. The plant must operate effectively and be able to meet the targeted level of production needs. Mattress is one of the household products used for rest needs. PT. Bestari Mulia is difficult in making Total Cost efficiency in storing one of kasur's raw materials. This research aims to improvethe accuracy of the correct forecast errors and the assessment of the costefficiency system of royal exclusive foam mattress production using the concept of Total Cost POQ concept. This study uses raw material data, ordering, component prices, finished product prices and lead time. The research method begins with the selection of the smallest natural error value and the comparison of the Total Cost value of storage. The result of this study is the selection of the accuracy of the correct forecasting error using the Forecasting Simple Average method with the smallest error worth 398,871,185,883,880 and the assessment of the cost efficiency system of producing a royal exclusive foam mattress using the concept of Total Cost production management POQ concept more efficiently than the Total Cost of the Company's concept.  Total Cost of POQ concept is Rp. 3,552,964,073,547, while the Total Cost of the Company's concept amounted to 3,559,493,448,547. Thus, using the Total Cost of POQ concept can reduce inventory costs by Rp. 6,529,375,000.  Tingkat efektifitas dan efisiensi berproduksi dituntut memiliki nilai yang tinggi dan akurasi peramalan permintaan yang tepat. Pabrik harus beroperasi secara efektif dan dapat memenuhi tingkat kebutuhan produksi yang ditargetkan. Kasur adalah salah satu produk rumah tangga yang digunakan untuk kebutuhan istirahat. PT. Bestari Mulia sulit dalam melakukan efisiensi biaya total dalam penyimpanan salah satu bahan baku Kasur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memilih akurasi kesalahan ramalan yang tepat dan penilaian sistem efisiensi biaya produksi kasur busa royal exclusive menggunakan konsep Total Cost konsep POQ. Penelitian ini menggunakan data bahan baku, pemesanan, harga komponen, harga produk jadi dan lead time. Metode penelitian diawali dengan pemilihan nilai kesalahan peralaman terkecil dan perbandingan nilai biaya total penyimpanan. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu Pemilihan akurasi kesalahan ramalan yang tepat menggunakan metode Forecasting Simple Average dengan kesalahan paling kecil bernilai sebesar 398.871.185.883.880 dan penilaian sistem efisiensi biaya produksi kasur busa royal exclusive menggunkaan konsep Total Cost konsep POQ Manajemen Produksi lebih efisien dari pada pada Total Cost konsep Perusahaan. Total Cost konsep POQsebesar Rp. 3.559.493.448.547. Dengan demikian, menggunakan Total Cost konsep POQ dapat mengefisiensikan biaya inventory sebesar Rp. 6.529.375.000.

Hanger maintenance process this time based on the circulation from hanger give to the production side. No standard calculation, looking for risk percentage for hanger go into maintenance, become a problem. The hanger must have a standard calculation for percentage value, where the value can provide a clear decision. There is a method in Fuzzy Logic, that the Tsukamoto method, can be utilized in making a decision. This research is based on the problem of how to make a standard calculation, to looking for the risk percentage level for hanger go into maintenance, by applying Fuzzy Logic Tsukamoto method, so that the calculation becomes faster, accurate, and precise. The result from the application of the Tsukamoto method, to find the risk percentage level for hanger enter maintenance, for example at hanger Back Caesar, the resulting level of percentage hanger requirement is 91%, and hanger maintenance risk level 70,375%. The final result shows hanger Back Caesar has a high maintenance risk level (range between 54,6-100%) and well plan maintenance action. Application of Tsukamoto method that has been done shows that to find the risk level percentage for hanger go into maintenance, the first must be looking for output crisp from the percentage level of hanger that needed with the Tsukamoto method., Proses maintenance hanger saat ini didasarkan atas sirkulasi penyerahan hanger ke pihak produksi. Belum adanya suatu perhitungan standar, dalam mencari persentase tingkat risiko hanger masuk maintenance, menjadi permasalahan tersendiri. Hanger harus memiliki perhitungan dalam penentuan nilai persentase standar, dimana nilai tersebut dapat memberikan suatu keputusan yang jelas. Terdapat suatu metode dalam Logika fuzzy yaitu metode Tsukamoto, yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam mengambil suatu keputusan. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada permasalahan bagaimana cara membuat suatu perhitungan standard, dalam mencari persentase tingkat risiko hanger masuk maintenance, dengan cara menerapkan Fuzzy Logic metode Tsukamoto, agar perhitungan menjadi lebih cepat, akurat, dan tepat. Contoh dari penerapan metode tsukamoto, dalam mencari persentase tingkat risiko hanger masuk maintenance, didapatkan hasil untuk hanger Back Caesar, persentase tingkat kebutuhan hanger sebesar 91%, dan memiliki tingkat risiko hanger masuk maintenance sebesar 70,375%. Keputusan akhir menunjukan bahwa hanger Back Caesar dinyatakan memiliki tingkat risiko maintenance tinggi (range antara 54,6-100%) dan akan dilakukan tindakan planned maintenance. Penerapan metode tsukamoto yang telah dilakukan menunjukan bahwa, dalam mencari persentase tingkat risiko hanger masuk maintenance, terlebih dahulu harus mencari output crisp dari persentase tingkat kebutuhan hanger dengan metode tsukamoto.

Along with the increasing market of plastic packaging products resulting from the injection process and the rapid development of existing technology, we need a strategy to be able to continue to meet the customer’s needs and to be able to compete in the industry. One of the strategies that may be employed is Lean. Lean is a concept aimed at eliminating existing waste. One of the implementations of Lean’s concept is the SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Dies) concept. SMED is a concept aimed at reducing the changeover time, so the eliminated time can be used in the production process. P.T. BIL is one of the companies engaged in the production of plastic packaging with an injection process. Problems occurring at P.T. BIL was the absence of a measurement process for changeover time. The Operation Analysis Chart concept was used to analyze the carried-out activities. To optimize activities employing the SMED concept, Analytical Cards were used so that the change over time can be reduced. The 5S concept was applied to support the SMED concept, so the waste in the work area could be eliminated. By implementing the SMED concept, we reduced 18% of the change over time.

Background of Mother's Milk (ASI) is the best and most ideal food for babies, because breast milk contains all the nutrients needed in the right amount and consideration but there was a decrease in exclusive ASI coverage in Pekalongan Regency in 2016 amounting to 40.73% while in 2017 amounted to 38.36% decoction of sweet potato leaves as one of the nutritional alternatives to increase milk production, decoction of sweet potato leaves has lactogogum content as an enhancer of prolactin hormone and increases milk production. Objective: to determine the effect of cassava leaf decoction on increasing milk production. Method: This research is a miniriset with descriptive research type. Samples of 2 postpartum mothers who will be assessed for the adequacy of breast milk production before and after giving 200 grams of sweet potato leaves daily for 7 days using an observation sheet. Results and Discussion: childbirth mothers who have little breast milk production after being treated with water for decoction of sweet potato leaves for 7 days experience an increase in breast milk production based on 6 aspects that have been assessed, namely based on the mother's condition about the condition of ASI production and the condition of babies who have been given ASI. Conclusions and suggestions: there is an effect of giving cassava leaf decoction for 7 days to the adequacy of breast milk so that the midwife can advise postpartum mothers to make a decoction of sweet potato leaves as an alternative to cheap and easy to obtain foods that can increase breast milk productionKeywords: decoction of sweet potato leaves; post partum mother; ASI production

Tofu industry dominates by small-scale business with traditional production methods. On the other hand, demand for tofu products is quite high, and it is needed to increase tofu production. This study discusses the making of hygiene tofu maker tools able to simplify the production process. Based on the results of interviews with three tofu home industries in Cikarang, Bekasi, 17 request attributes of making an assistive tool obtain. Based on this, four technical responses were collected and will be developed become four concept designs. After conducting concept selection, it is determined to plan for making a tool which can simplify the process of making tofu. That is, starting from the manufacturing process, which starts from the pulp to the process of making tofu, can be put together into one manufacture of the tool. Thus, designing this tool can integrate the six stages of the tofu production process.

Quality is an image of a company. PT Berkat Manunggal Jaya is a company that its primary activity is to assemble the generator units. This company wants to improve its quality in its production processes. The Initial stage is to determine the amount of quality cost since it hasn’t been measured yet, especially in the production processes. This is because there are several cost categories that are within the company but the company still has not been able to measure them, which include the cost of diesel fuel for repeated inspection and the amount of diesel fuel that was carried when generators are delivered to the customers. The measuring method of this quality cost is using the Cost of Quality (COQ) model which details of the cost categories are based on Activity Based Costing (ABC) method. This method is suitable because it uses direct costs’ account, for instance, the use of materials as well as indirect costs as corporate overhead costs. The detail work instructions for the inspection of the production process between departments are provided based on existing procedures in the company. This is done to reduce the unacceptable product-in-progress when the production process is in operation. After calculating and put in all the activities into the four categories of Cost of Quality, the total Cost of Quality compared with the prices of sold unit from every generator set type are 1.77% for 680 KVA type open, 1.74% for 1300 KVA first type silent, 1.74% for 1300 KVA second type silent, 2.86% for 680 KVA type silent, 1.28% for 1300 KVA first type open, 1.27% for 1300 KVA second type open, 1.13% for 1740 KVA first type open, 1.13% for 1740 KVA second type open. The recommended solution for the reduction of Cost of Quality is to modify the procedure inspection flow in the company to reduce failure cost, especially in the final inspection costs (repeated test load processes).

The increase of solid waste production is a general problem in municipality, particularly of plastic waste. The durability, light-weight, anticorrosiveness, and inexpensiveness properties of plastic make it favorable to be used in daily life, including in Salatiga. However, plastic is one of some non-biodegradable materials that could lead to soil and water pollution as it contains toxic compounds such as aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, and organochlorine. Various studies in municipal solid waste management have been conducted. While those studies often applied various approaches separately, researches in regard to the role of stakeholders in municipal solid waste management are very limited. This study aims to explain the plastic waste management in Salatiga based on the role of the corresponding stakeholders. This qualitative study shows that there are four stakeholders who were involved in municipal plastic waste management in Salatiga. They were the households who generate wastes, the scavengers who sorts the wastes, Bank Sampah and collectors who have the same role in order to collect the wastes and treat the plastic wastes through reusing or recycling processes, and the government. Currently, efforts in waste treatment in Salatiga are focused on the system of collecting-tranferring-disposal mode, waste treatment by reuse and recycle processing, and landfilling. Reducing plastic consumption must take into account the sociocultural aspect and environmental awareness, as the people still interested to use plastic instead of using other materials in substitution. Finally, the role of government is central to educate the community in term of sorting activities and reducing waste production, build the capacity of Bank Sampah, and manage the role of scavengers and collectors. Other alternatives include creating synergy between the collectors and Bank Sampah, as well as ensuring final treatment of the unprocessed wastes disposed by collectors and Bank Sampah.

Vocational education building and development must consider the needs of the industry and the demands of 21st-century skills graduates. For these two requirements, it is necessary to innovate the learning model to improve the students’ learning experience and graduates’ performance. This study aims to develop a production-based learning model that is integrated with 21st-century learning skills to improve skills in mechanical engineering. The study employed focus group discussion and experts’ judgment. This study involved the mechanical engineering lecturers, the head of laboratory at the mechanical engineering department, the head of the department of mechanical engineering, the head of mechanical engineering vocational education, the head of the mechanical laboratory at the vocational schools, mechanical engineering teachers, vocational technology education experts, and curriculum specialists. The results show that the utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy of the production-based learning model integrated with 21st-century learning skills met the expected criteria and could be used to improve mechanical engineering skills.

The people who live adjacent to Tahura Wan Abdul Rachman depend their lives on land management in the block utilization of Tahura with the agroforestry system. This system is implemented with different plant compositions so that the effect on income is different. This study aims to determine the composition of agroforestry plants that provide the highest income and welfare level for farmers. The study was conducted in 2017 in Sidodadi Village, Pesawaran District, which borders Tahura Wan Abdul Rahman. The variables analyzed consisted of revenue and production costs in the management of agroforestry, farmer expenditure and the number of family member . The results obtained from the 7 plant compositions identified, composition II with the main plants of banana and cacao and other types of plants are clove, chili, areca nut, soursop, mango, rambutan, durian, coconut, pecan, duku, jengkol, petai, avocado, nutmeg , breadfruit, sugar palm, bayur and cempaka; provide the highest income with an average income of Rp. 21,640,777 /family /year but this income is still in a sufficient category and is only limited to meeting basic needs. It is the composition of plants that are most widely used by the community. Keywords: agroforestry, income, plant composition, welfare

The Effect of Production Tool Quality on The Production Volume of The Glove Weaving Industry in Lamongan. This study aims to determine the effect of the quality of the ATBM (non-machine weaving tool) production volume on the production volume of the woven sarong industry in Parengan village, Maduran district. contributes to the regional income of Lamongan district which is a sample of all weaving companies in Parengan village, Maduran District. The analysis methods used are: simple regression, t test analysis, and F test analysis where the independent variable (X) is the quality of the ATBM production equipment, and the dependent variable (Y) is the volume of production. In this research data collection, making an assessment of the quality of ATBM using indicators, including: (Construction Framework, Production Capacity, Movement and Age). Of the four indicators, the total value of the quality of the production tools will be grouped according to the number of assessments. The conclusion of the analysis, resulting in a Simple Linear Regression Equation: Ŷ = 71, 21 + 1.59X, it means that the quality of ATBM production has a positive effect on the volume of sarong production. Calculation of the coefficient of determination r2 = 0.752 = 0.5625 or the value of the production volume of 56.25% is determined by the quality of the production equipment, the remaining 43.75% is determined by other factors. From the regression coefficient value of the variable quality of production equipment of 1.59, it means that if the value of the quality of the production equipment for ATBM increases by 1, the value of the production volume of sarong increases by 1.59 per each Quality value., Penelitian ini, Bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kualitas alat produksi ATBM (Alat Tenun Bukan Mesin) terhadap volume produksi Industri sarung tenun di desa parengan Kecamatan Maduran.penelitian ini bertempat di UD.Sarung Tenun Salsabila Parengan,sarung tenun di parengan mampu menyerap tenaga kerja dan banyak memberikan sumbangsinya kepada pendapatan daerah kabupaten Lamongan yang menjadi sampel dari seluruh perusahaan tenun di desa Parengan Kecamatan Maduran. Metode yang digunakan yaitu:regresi Sederhana, analisis Uji t, dan Analisis Uji F. dimana Variabel Indepen (X) yaitu Kualitas alat produksi ATBM, dan Variabel dependen (Y) yaitu Volume Produksi. Dalam Pengumpulan data penelitian ini, membuat suatu Penilaian terhadap Kualitas ATBM Kesimpulan analisis, mengahasilkan Persamaan Regresi Linier Sederhana : Ŷ = 71, 21 + 1,59X, Diartikan bahwa Kualitas Produksi ATBM berpengaruh secara Positif terhadap volume produksi Sarung. perhitungan Koefisien Determinasi r2 = 0,752 = 0,5625 atau nilai volume produksi 56,25% ditentukan oleh kualitas alat produksi, sisanya 43,75% ditentukan oleh faktor lain. Dari nilai koefisien regresi variabel kualitas alat produksi sebesar 1,59, diartikan bahwa bila nilai kualitas alat produksi ATBM bertambah 1, maka nilai volume produksi sarung bertambah 1,59 per setiap nilai Kualitas.

The world of manufacturing technology is currently developing rapidly. Computerization carried out on manufacturing equipment makes it very easy for an industry, especially industries with a large production scale or mass production with a high number of orders in a short time. Manufacturing technology for machine tools usually uses a CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machine. Where the operation of this machine uses a program controlled by a computer and the programmer. This machine can produce products with high accuracy, even for very complicated manufacturing work. Product errors due to operator negligence can be reduced, as contact between the operator and the machine is minimal. However, if there is an error in the material or improper feed, the operator tends not to know because everything has been executed with the program that has been made. Observations were made at the 3 axis prismatic machine section, PT. Dirgantara Indonesia (DI). The milling machine used was the QUASER MV 185 type machine. Part material used in this study was Aluminum alloy 7010. The results of observations and calculations obtained that the average machining efficiency was 13%. Keywords: CNC, production process, efficiency.

Government efforts to improve the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa in the international world have been done by launching the National Cocoa Production Improvement and Quality Movement (GERNAS). In order for the GERNAS movement to take place, the development of the region needs to be done comprehensively, especially in the leading commodity centers, such as cocoa commodity in Luwu Raya in South Sulawesi Province, which still tends to produce cocoa beans (not in processed form) The people are more independent then empowerment should be directed to the agroindustry, and it becomes an urgent thing. To empower people's cocoa into an independent community based on cocoa agro-industry, it must be supported by its own cocoa commodities ranging from on-farm to off-farm that are interconnected with each other, and are integrative and sustainable. The research technique is descriptive survey approach. The selected research site is Luwu Raya in South Sulawesi Province. Data collection techniques were conducted by: library study and interview with related parties, ie officials at government institutions, cooperatives, manufacturers, associations of cocoa farmers, and farmers groups selected purposively. Secondary data mining is done by collecting: documents or transcripts in related institutions, and journals. Data and information obtained then analyzed by descriptive correlative. Based on the results of the research, empowering people's cocoa into an independent community through agro-industry becomes a necessity. In order to become an independent community, what should be done is: (a) transferring technology based on local potential, (b) facilitation of the government in the provision of bailouts and processing machines, and (c) support in the regulations in favor of the farmers.

The purpose of this research paper is to implement a method of cost-based pricing on CV. Midi Sukabumi in determining the selling price Lidi Osyin Noodle. The analysis technique that used is descriptive quantitative approach analysis technique used to analyze numbers using formulas and make descriptions systematically. the result of this research is determining the selling price on CV. Midi Sukabumi by using cost based pricing method are of two calculations, is cost plus pricing used to calculate the total cost of production and non-production process. And the second calculation is the calculation of mark up pricing used for reseller agents by adding a desired mark up on the purchase price of unity. Key Words : Full costing, cost based pricing, cost plus pricing, and mark up pricing

The economic crisis hit the world which had a direct impact to worsen economic conditions in Indonesia. Economic conditions from 1997 to 1998, only MSMEs were able to survive. One form of MSMEs in rural areas is tempe business. Tempe is one of the original foods from Indonesia, which comes from fermented soybeans. Tempe is a daily food consumed by almost all Indonesian people. Tempe is a food that is consumed almost every day by people in the Pilangkenceng sub-district. Most are consumed as side dishes and are also used as souvenirs (tempe chips). Community service activities include holding meetings, conducting FGDs, handing over tools and monitoring. The results of this assistance include 2 aspects, namely management aspects and production aspects. Conclusion The Community Partnership Program needs to be done as the role of lecturers to improve the community Community Partnership Program is able to increase the amount of production and competitiveness of Partners.

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of learning orientation and social capital on human resource performance with affective commitment as an intervening variable at PT. SAI Apparel Industries Semarang. Population in this research is all employees of production of PT. SAI Apparel Industries Semarang as many as 3.100 people, with a sample size of 97 respondents. The sampling technique is Proportional Random Sampling. The analytical tool is the path of analysis, where previously tested the validity and reliability as well as the classical assumption test.The result showed that learning orientation and social capital proved to have positive and significant impact on affective commitment and human resource performance. Affective commitment has a positive and significant effect on human resource performance. Affective commitment can be an intervening variable between learning orientation towards human resource performance, meaning higher learning orientation, it will increasingly make the employee able to adjust themselves between the system with the work environment so that it will increase the affective commitment of employees in achieving maximum performance. Affective can be a variable intervening between social capital to human resource performance, it can be interpreted that the height of social capital, the more the formation of sense of togetherness, solidarity, and also the responsibility of common progress in supporting employees affective commitment, which will certainly impact on the high performance of employees maximum. Keywords : Learning orientation, social capital, affective commitment and human resource performance

PT. X was a company engaged in weaving cotton production. Many types of cotton consisted of type 185, type 186, type 188 and type 189. Nevertheless, there were still many problems in the operational production of the weaving department. One of them was the length in processing time of the weaving section that could affect the next process. Based on a literature review, it showed that lean method could be implemented in process industry even it was not entirely. The method that usually used in the process industry was the cross-case method. A case study was a method that chosen in conducting this research by forming propositions first. There were two products selected as the case study: cotton 188 and cotton 189. This research consisted of two steps. The first step was the measurement of operational performance before implementing the lean method. The second step was cross-case analysis by synchronizing between the empirical data and the propositions. The lean method would increase the accuracy of product delivery. It had been proven by reduction of the cycle time of both products ranges from 18,5% to 31,5%. The cross-case method could be applied with the Kanban, the set-up time reduction and forming the pull system in the production floor.

This research is to determine the influence of the production costs of PT Indo Rama Synthetics Tbk and PT. Pan Brothers Tbk on gross profit. This research used financial statements data from financial reports that published from 2011-2015 in Indonesia Stock Exchange (Bursa Efek Indonesia). Data analysis in this research used descriptive analysis, normality test, correlation, and coefficient test of determination, while in the research hypothesis testing using the t-test. The result of this research proved that production cost had a correlation value at 78%, which means had a strong correlation, a coefficient determination at 60.8% and the rest 39.2% influenced by another factor. The result of regression analysis = Y: 167.628, 498 + 0,071X had significant effect because t-value = 3.522 > t-table = 1.833 with significance value 0.008 > 0.05.

Indonesia is one of the countries in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). To boost competitiveness and benefit from changes in the global industrial system at revolutionary era, lean six sigma approach to production systems in the pharmaceutical industry was used. The goal is to analyze the existing conditions, user expectations, how to overcome the obstacles that occur and the formulation of strengthening strategies on the production system of soft capsule lines. The method used an explanatory case study of production systems in the pharmaceutical industry using lean six sigma approach. The results of the research are the existing conditions of the production system have not met expectations, user expectations systems are not well understood, the formulation to overcome the constraints that occur in the production system and the formulation of the strengthening pharmaceutical industry’s production system strategy using lean six sigma approach.

It is imperative for the Central Bank to know the current state of the economy as the basis underlying projections of future economic conditions. To that end, current economic conditions, in this case household consumption and investment, could be predicted using nowcasting. In this research, a nowcasting model was developed for the two aforementioned macroeconomic variables using a Dynamic Factor Model (DFM). Theindicators used when nowcasting household consumption included: motor vehicle sales, total deposits, the lending rate on consumer loans, M1 and the rupiah exchange rate (NEER), while the indicators used for nowcasting investment included: cement sales, motor vehicle production, electric energy consumption, outstanding loans and M1. Accuracy testing showed that the nowcasting model for household consumption using DFM was sound, while the forecast error for nowcasting investment was significant but remained below the benchmark.

The copper price in copper mining companies is an essential aspect in terms of profit, revenue, production targets, and hedging. This research aims to determine an alternative of copper price modeling and its causality relationship to Freeport McMoRan (FCX) stock price. The methods utilized in this research were Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Granger Causality Test. Based on this research result, all modeling methods equally show excellent performance for modeling copper price. Another finding from this research is that the copper price positively affects the FCX stock price. Therefore, it can be concluded that the copper commodity price influences the value of a copper mining company. The results of this research can be utilized as a reference for company analysts as a part to estimate profit probability, estimate revenue, estimate production targets, and hedging strategies. Keywords: ARIMA, causality, genetic algorithm, neural network, price model

Abst r act - Require of manihot Esculinta Crantz in Indonesia rises in every year as growth of Indonesian people, bioethanol industry,and animal food. Raw material that use in this research is cassava wastes. This research aimed to know the utilization of cassava waste, the optimum condition process of dextrin, and to know the variable that influent the utilization of cassava waste in the production of adhesive ekstender ( catalyst concentration and time). The dekstrin process need beaker glass, stirrer, electric stove with oilbatch heater, thermometer, screening 80 mesh. Cassava wastes that keep on several days is burned without water at 80 0 C for 1 hours. Then drops acid catalyst ion the beaker glass with different concentration. Then the temperature is raised until 110 0 C for 1 hour. After the drying process, make it cool then screen it in to screener 80 mesh. The results show that on the higher concentration of acid, dextrin will get on the higher concentration. At the certain concentration of acid, dekstrin will not get in the high concentration. Maximum efficiency of the concentration of acid is 0,8 N. Keeping long day for cassava waste can make lower the concentration of dextrin. The best keeping day is the first day until four day. Keywords : Cassava waste , dextrin, ekstender, wood adhesion

To minimize illegal logging in natural production forest, one of concession forest in Kalimantan has initiated to do a joint bussines logging with a community wellfare cooperative. The aim of the study was to measure productivity of extraction, operation cost, joint bussines income, investament and income of Koperasi Desa. The observation area was located at PT Tanjung Raya Intiga (PT TRI), Barito Hulu Puruk Cahu Forest District, of Central Kalimantan Province in 2001. The results showed that logging production achieved was 892,9 m 3 , log extraction productivity 99 m 3 . hm/hour, operation cost Rp 14,227/m 3 , logs selling revenue Rp 31,235,950,-, investment cost Rp 2,901,017.- and cooperative income Rp 28,901,017.-. The financial income was distributed to local community (34%), wages for cooperative bussines managers (29%), village contribution (4,5%), administration fee for cooperative (5%) and government officers (27%). The local people and the forest concessioners could share the benefit of cooperation in natural production forest management.

Pasca penutupan lokalisasi tanggal 12 Desember 2012 oleh Walikota Surabaya, Ada beberapa usaha binatu yang berdiri yang dikelola oleh mantan WTS (Wanita Tuna Susila). Usaha tersebut sudah berjalan 2 tahun akan tetapi ada beberapa kendala yang berarti sehingga usaha tersebut masih belum memampakkan hasil yang signifikan. Beberapa kendala yang dihadapi adalah: Managemen keuangan yang masih belum teratur sehingga masih sering tercampur antara uang pribadi dengan uang usaha, Model promosi yang masih sangan konvensional dan beberapa persoalan lain. Berdasarkan persoalan diatas maka solusi yang ditawarkan adalah sebagai berikut: (a) penambahan alat produksi sehingga mempercepat proses pengeringan dan meminimalisir ketergantungan terhadap cahaya matahari, (b) melatih membuat pembukuan yang efektif dan terkontrol, (c)melatih memcampur kimia Laundry yang tepat, dan (d) membuatkan model promosi yang kreatif dan berbasis teknologi. Dari hasil pemberdayaan diatas, maka terbukti terjadi perbaikan managemen dan mampu meningkatkan produktifitas usaha tersebut.

Forest as one of natural resources should be managed on sustainable bases for the prosperity of the people. As the number and the income of the people increasrd, the needs or demand for forest products also increased. On the other hand, the increase in population stimulates the decrease in forest land areas. To solve this problem there is a need to increase or optimize the production of forest lands so that the decrease in forest areas does not mean the decrease in forest products. One of the solutions is to establish forest plantations on degraded lands, and to convert natural forests which are less productive to forest plantations which are more productive. Reforestation of degraded forest requires a lot of capital, and financially not profitable, therefore it needs a subsidy, Since degraded forest is not profitable and the locations are scattered in small areas, State Owned Enterprice (BUMN) or Forest Service (Dinas Kehutanan) should do reforestation on these areas. On the other hand conversion of natural forest to forest plantation is financially profitable, therefore it does not need subsidy and can be done by private industry, For this purpose the master plan of natural forest that could be converted to forest plantation should be well prepared. Institutional aspects of these two types of forest plantations are discussed in this report.

The objective of this study is to estimate elasticity of substitution, coefficient, and technological parameter on sawn timber industry analyzed is limited to the sawmill belongs to the forest concession. This study used primary data. Analysis of data is conducted using CES production function data analyzed are cross-section primary data on wage, capital value, and production value, collected from 13 forest concession sawmills. The result of CBS production function shows that the elasticity of substitution 0 = 0,5247, it means that power of substitution between capital and labor in sawn timber industry is low. Technological coefficient A = 4.9654 shows that the increase of sawn timber production level is about 5 times of the increasing capital and labor inputs. Distribution parameter β = 0,7114 shows that relative contribution of capital input is about 71 % and labor input is about 29% on sawn timber production. Sawn timber industry is a capital intensive, which means that the increase of production is more effective through the increasing of capital input. The revenue of sawn timber industry is distributed more to the owner of capital than to labor.