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Abscisic acid (ABA) is a growth regulatory substance that plays an important role in various processes in the cell, such as plant adaptation to environmental threats, seed development, dormancy, budding, plant development, and fruit ripening. Another important role of abscisic acid is increased antioxidant capacity, total phenol content, total carotenoid, and anthocyanin content. The content of bioactive compounds such as antioxidants is a parameter of fruit quality that can decrease due to improper postharvest handling. Many postharvest treatments have been conducted to maintain or delay the declining of bioactive compounds in fruits. This current research was done to determine the various abscisic acid concentrations on papayas and cucumbers' bioactive content. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using SAS (Statistical Analysis Software). Significant differences between means were determined by the Student's t-test, with p-values less than 0.05 considered significant. Results of the research regarding color testing, DPPH, total phenol content, and total soluble solids showed that abscisic acid with 380 µMol or 100 mg/l concentration could increase the total phenol content, antioxidant capacity, and total soluble solids in papayas (climacteric fruit) during the ripening. However, applying abscisic acid with 100 µMol on cucumbers (non-climacteric fruit) showed no significant effect on total phenol, antioxidant capacity, and soluble solids compared to the control group. The results showed that during the ripening of climacteric fruit, ABA enhanced the content of bioactive compounds and improved postharvest quality. This effect was not observed in non-climacteric fruit.

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Abstract: An isolation and identification of phenolic compounds from Halban Leaves (Vitex pinnata Linn), a traditional medicinal plant in Aceh, has been done. Halban leaves were extracted through methanol maceration followed by isolation. The methanol extract went into n-hexane and ethyl acetate partition consecutively resulting in 3 different fractions of ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract. The ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated the most promising antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Therefore, purification of ethyl acetate fraction was done by column chromatography [SiO2; (i) n-hexane-ethyl acetate 10:1, 1:1 ; (ii) n-hexane-ethyl acetate = 2 : 1); (iii) n-hexane-acetone = 1:1]. The pure isolate as identified by using UV, IR, NMR, and MS spectra afforded 2 phenolic compounds, namely (1) 4-hydroxymethyl benzoate and (2) p-hydroxymethyl benzoic acid (PHBA). The antioxidant activity of compound 1 and cytotoxicity activity of 2 expressed in IC50 and LD50 was 41.08 ppm and 59.41 ppm, respectively. Abstrak: Isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa fenolik dari Daun Halban (Vite xpinnata Linn) tanaman obat tradisional asal Aceh telah dilakukan. Isolasi ini dilakukan dengan cara mengekstraksi daun halban dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol, Ekstrak metanol kemudian dipartiisi dengan n-heksan dan etilasetat secara berturut-turut sehingga diperoleh tiga ekstrak yaitu ekstrak etil asetat, n-heksan dan air. Ekstrak etil asetat memiliki bioaktivitas sebagai antioksidan dan juga toksisitas. Pemurnian dilanjutkan dengan cara kromatografi kolom [SiO2; (i) n-heksan-etilasetat 10:1, 1:1 ; (ii) n-heksan-etilasetat = 2 : 1); (iii) n-heksan-aseton = 1:1] dan diperoleh isolat murni. Isolat murni tersebut diidentifikasi berdasarkan interpretasi data spektra UV, IR, NMR dan MS. Hasil interpretasi data menunjukkan daun halban (V. pinnata Linn) mengandung dua senyawa fenolik yaitu (1) 4-hidroksi metil benzoat dan (2) asam para hidroksi benzoat (PHBA). Senyawa 1 memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 = 41,08bpj dan senyawa 2 memiliki aktivitas toksisitas dengan nilai LC50 = 59,41.

Present research was to evaluated the antioxidant activities of extracts from macroalga Sargassum sp. In this study, seven filtrates from maceration (methanol pa and technical grade, ethanol pa and techinal grade, methanol technical grade 50%, infused hot water, boiled water) were analyzed for total phenolic compound (TPC) and for antioxidant activities (DPPH method). The results revealed that the water filtrates possessed more TPC and antioxidant antivity than alcoholic filtrates, and the highest was water filtrate from boiled Sargassum sp. (TPC =1,36±0,01 mgGAE/g dry weight; % inhibtion DPPH = 81,35±0,42 %). The high positive correlation between TPC and antioxidant activity (r = 0.99 ) suggested that phenolic compound were the mayor antioxidant components. The effect of TPC (dependent variable) on DPPH radical inhibition (independent variable) with regression formula y = 55,39 x + 5,18. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi potensial aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak Sargassum sp. Pada kajian ini, 7 filtrat hasil maserasi (metanol pa dan teknis, etanol pa dan teknis, metanol teknis 50%, perendaman air panas/hot infused, dan perebusan dengan air) dianalisis kandungan total fenoliknya (TPC) dan aktivitas antioksidannya (metoda DPPH). Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa filtrat air memiliki kandungan TPC dan antioksidan yang relatif lebih tinggi dibanding filtrat alkohol dan yang tertinggi adalah filtrat hasil perebusan Sargassum sp. (TPC =1,36±0,01 mgGAE/g berat kering; inhibisi DPPH = 81,35±0,42 %), Korelasi positif yang tinggi antara TPC dan aktivitas antioksidan (r = 0.99) menunjukkan bahwa kandungan senyawa fenolik merupakan komponen utama yang menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan. Pengaruh TPC (variabel bebas) terhadap inhibisi radikal DPPH (variabel terikat) sesuai dengan persamaan regresi y = 55,39 x + 5,18.

The research was aimed to study the degradability of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) in the rumen in vitro. Moringa and Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala, as a comparison) leaves were incubated in goat rumen liquid for 48 h in vitro. The in vitro degradabilities of dry matter, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in moringa leaf and lamtoro leaf were compared using the T-test. The dry matter degradability of moringa leaf was higher (p

The corn cob is one of the food waste-material having phytochemical component that of health benefit. The objectives of the research were to isolate phenolic fractions of the corn cob extract and to determine antioxidant and antiphotooxidant activities. The corn cob was extracted with reflux method using ethanol 80% for 2 hours. After that the extracts were filtered and the filtrates were combined and concentrated on rotary evaporator. This crude ethanolic extract was suspended in water and extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water, respectively. The best fractions of partition fractionated with colomn chromatography using silica gel 60 and n-hexane: ethyl acetate (4:6). Corncob extract and fraction were evaluated for total phenolic content free radical scavenging activity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical assay) and total antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing ability of plasma assay). The results of total phenolic content showed that ethyl acetate fraction (163.57 μg/mL) has higher phenolic content than butanol fraction (83.30 μg/mL), ethanol extract (81.53 μg/mL), water fraction (23.71 μg/mL) and petroleum ether fraction (23.57 μg/mL). The results also showed that ethyl acetate fraction has highest free radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity than butanol fraction, ethanol extract, water fraction and petroleum ether fraction. The free radical scavenging activity of fractions II and III exhibited strongest activity than fraction V, I, IV and VI. The results also showed that fraction II has highest total antioxidant capacity than I, III, IV, VI, and V. The results suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction and fraction II contains phenolic compounds which possess antioxidant activities. ABSTRAK Tongkol jagung merupakan salah satu limbah tanaman pangan yang mempunyai kandungan fitokimia yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi fraksi fenolik dari ekstrak tongkol jagung dan menentukan aktivitas antioksidan. Tongkol jagung diekstraksi dengan cara refluk menggunakan etanol 80% selama 2 jam. Setelah itu disaring dan filtratnya diuapkan dengan rotary evaporator. Ekstrak etanol disuspensikan dalam air dan diekstraksi berturut turut dengan petroleum eter, etil asetat, butanol, dan air. Fraksi pelarut terbaik difraksinasi dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan silika gel 60 dan eluen n-heksana : etil asetat (4:6). Ekstrak tongkol jagung dan fraksi dievaluasi kandungan total fenolik, aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas (uji 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) dan kapasitas total antioksidan (uji ferric reducing ability of plasma). Hasil uji kandungan total fenolik menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat (163,57 μg/mL) memiliki kandungan total fenolik yang paling tinggi daripada fraksi butanol (83,30 μg/mL), ekstrak etanol (81,53 μg/mL), fraksi air (23,71 μg/mL) dan fraksi petroleum eter (23,57 μg/mL). Hasil ini juga menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat mempunyai aktivitas penangkal radikal dan kapasitas total antioksidan paling tinggi daripada fraksi butanol, ekstrak etanol, fraksi air, dan fraksi petroleum eter. Aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas fraksi II dan III memperlihatkan paling kuat daripada fraksi V, I, IV dan VI. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan bahwa fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi II mengandung senyawa fenolik yang mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan kuat.

Viral diseases of chilli pepper are difficult to control, therefore the use of Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 should be evaluated. The aims of this research were to determine the influence of liquid formula of P. fluorescens P60 on virod disease and on growth and yield of chili pepper. Randomized block design (RBD) experiment was composed of 7 treatments and 4 replicates, i.e., control, insecticide applicaton, P. fluorescens P60 application by seedling drenching and spraying for 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 times. The result showed that 5 times application of P. fluorescens P60 by drenching and spraying was able to suppress viral disease and reduce disease intensity by to 73.37%, increasing density level of P. fluorescens P60 to 9.50 x 1011 and increase phenolic compounds (saponin, tannin and glycoside). The same treatment could increase plant height 23.7%, root lenght 6.44%, plant dry weight 66.68%, root dry weight 23.59%, and yield weight 53.16%.