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In searching for new biomarkers, high throughput technique has been widely used by researchers, including for gene expression study. However, the reliability and accuracy of results from high throughput study critically depends on appropriate data management, including normalization methods. Data driven normalization has been introduced as a normalization method for high throughput gene expression study. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of various data driven and reference genes normalization methods using a high throughput circulating microRNA expression dataset. A quantification cycle (Cq) dataset generated from a high throughput circulating microRNA study was used to test the normalization methods using HTqPCR package in R software. The normalized Cq generated from different methods were compared descriptively using box plot analysis and coefficient of variance. The box plot analysis showed that quantile normalization produced more homogenous Cq distribution, lesser outliers and reduced coefficient of variance as compared to other normalization methods in screening and validation phases. The overview on quantile normalized Cq showed consistency in its level of expression before and after 2-∆∆Cq calculation indicating the reliability of quantile normalized Cq. Quantile normalization is suggested to be used in high throughput miRNA expression study due to its performance in homogenizing the data, reduce outliers and coefficient of variance.

This research is motivated by the majority of students in junior high school think Mathematics is a very difficult subject. The term number sense was introduced to refer to mathematical abilities where number sense has psychological and sociological factors where on average women show greater anxiety than men in mathematics. The purpose of this study was to see the effectiveness of the YouTube-based peer tutoring method in improving the number sense ability of students in class VII SMP Daar El Qolam 1,2,3 and 4 Kab. Tangerang. This type of research is experimental with a research population of 600 students. Sampling using cluster purposive sampling technique as many as 97 students consisting of 46 male students and 51 female students. Data collection is done by using NST measuring instrument. The data analysis technique used a paired sample t-test, (N-Gain), and a different t-test. The research findings show that there is a difference in the average value of number sense ability before and after the youtube-based peer tutoring method is carried out, for the results of the N-Gain analysis, it is found that the effectiveness of the youtube-based peer tutoring method in improving number sense skills is in the low category. There is no difference in the number sense ability of students in terms of gender differences in Daar El Qolam Middle School

SOCIALIZATION OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN CINTARATU VILLAGE, PARIGI DISTRICT, PANGANDARAN REGENCY. Dragon fruit plant is one of the plants that can be planted in unproductive areas such as in Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province. The problem faced in the cultivation of dragon fruit plants in the area is the high potential for pest attack. Efforts can be made to overcome these problems by increasing the insight and expertise of rural villagers through recovery both materially and in demonstration plot practices. The purpose of this activity is to increase farmers' insight into information on pests and diseases in dragon fruit plants and its integrated handling technology. This activity was carried out in Cintaratu Village, Parigi District, Pangandaran District with an active participatory method in the form of counseling on pest attacks on dragon fruit plants as well as integrated pest management technologies on dragon fruit plants. This program has succeeded in informing about pest attacks and integrated handling technologies on dragon fruit plants in coastal areas. This success was shown based on the responses of enthusiastic extension participants and their interest in applying the technology to the cultivation of dragon fruit plants that they manage. The results of this activity can be seen in the increase in yields from the dragon orchards managed by local residents.

Kandungan senyawa kimia air sangat berguna dalam penentuan karakteristik fluida panas bumi terutama sumbernya dan arah aliran fluida tersebut. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengkaji senyawa kimia air yang terkandung pada lapangan panas bumi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Titrasi dan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA). Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan di dua lokasi mata air panas. Untuk pengujian sampel dilakukan pada Balai Riset dan Standarisasi (Baristan) Banda Aceh. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan perbandingan kandungan kimia air, sedangkan interpretasi menggunakan diagram segitiga Ternary. Diagram segitiga ini meliputi Cl-SO4-HCO3, digunakan untuk mengetahui kandungan fuida panas bumi, Cl-Li-B digunakan untuk menentukan temperatur suatu lokasi panasbumi dan Na-K-Mg untuk mengetahui kesetimbangan lingkungan fluida panas bumi. Hasil analisis senyawa kimia air menunjukkan bahwa fluida panas bumi memiliki konsentrasi yang didominasi sulfat SO4, Adapun nilai konsentrasi sulfat masing-masing 95% sampel I dan 97% sampel II. Kandungan kimia air ini diperkirakan berada pada zona upflow. Fluida panas bumi yang muncul ke permukaan dari dua lokasi sampel bersumber langsung dari aktivitas magma. An analysis of the flow of geothermal fluid has been carried out in the Jaboi geothermal field, Sabang. This study aims to obtain a zone of geothermal fluid flow in relation to faults/faults. This research was conducted by the titration method and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Sampling was carried out at two hot spring locations, namely crater I and crater IV. For sample testing carried out in a standardized laboratory. Data processing is done through comparison of chemical fluid content and interpretation of Ternary triangle diagrams. The triangle diagram includes Cl-SO4-HCO3, Cl-Li-B and Na-K-Mg to determine the characteristics of geothermal fluids. Based on data that has been processed and correlated with other supporting data (local geological conditions, magnetic, and temperature) shows a relationship that affects each other with the presence of faults. The analysis shows that geothermal fluid in the upflow zone is characterized by a dominant SO4 sulfate concentration (95% for sample I and 97% for sample II). In the Na-K-Mg triangle diagram, the fluid shows an immature water condition because the fluid has mixed with meteoric water. Based on the analysis of the geochemical data of the study area, it was shown that there is a connection with Ceunohot fault trending northeast to southwest as the controller of the flow of geothermal fluid. Keywords: Ternary triangle diagrams, geothermal fluid, chemical water compounds

Geologically Riau Islands is located in the topography of the old stadium erosion. The morphology is characterized by smooth hills with convex slopes and alluvial plain consisting of the erosion products. The morphology exhibits the remnants of peneplain that submerged at ca 13,000 BP now forming Sunda Shelf with the average depth of 120 meters. The irregular coast’s line of almost all the islands in Riau Islands characterized the submerged old morphologic stadium. The lithology consists of granites and metasediments. Granites contain various types of economic minerals. The weathered granites produce bauxite, kaolin and quartz sands. The metasediments are generally soft resulting in the formation of valleys suitable for agriculture and settlements due to the availability of surface and subsurface water. Irregular coastal line provides the bays for harbors. The geological potentials to be developed therefore consists of the provision of stable plain and resistance to landslide and earthquake, the bays suitable for various marine industries, granites for building materials, and base metals. The submarine hydrocarbon basins produce oil and gas. Geologically Riau Islands is very unique because it represents the remnants of the peneplain of Jurassic and Cretaceous age of about 63 to 181 years old now becoming the Sunda shelf which is the largest in the world. This region is very good when developed as an industrial area, trade, and marine tourism Keywords: Riau Islands, geologic potentials, granites, submerge, marine tourism

The characteristic of small to medium size islands is the limited amount of natural resources for electric generation. Presently the needs of energy in Maluku Province are supplied by the diesel generation units. The electricity distributes through an isolated grid system of each island. There are 10 separate systems in Maluku Province, namely Ambon, Namlea, Tual, Saumlaki, Mako, Piru, Bula, Masohi, Dobo and Langgur. From the geothermal point of view, this condition is suitable because the nature of the generation is small to medium and the locations are dispersed. The geological condition of Maluku Province is conducive for the formation of geothermal resources. The advanced utilization of geothermal energy in Maluku Province is in Tulehu located about 8 kilometers NE of Ambon. It is expected that 60 MW electric will be produced at the first stage in 2019. A total of 100 MW resources were estimated. Other places of geothermal potentials are Lauke and Tawen both located in Ambon Island with the potentials of 25 MW respectively. In Oma Haruku, Saparua and Nusa Laut the geothermal potentials were estimated to be 25 MW each. The total amount of geothermal energy in Maluku Province is thus, 225 MW which will contribute significantly to the needs of projected 184 MW in the year 2025.

SOCIALIZATION OF DRAGON FRUIT CULTURE FOR COASTAL REGION IN CINTARATU VILLAGE, PARIGI, DISTRICT OF PANGANDARAN. Dragon fruit is one type of potential fruits to be developed in the lowlands such as Pangandaran. Knowledge of dragon fruit cultivation in this area. An effort for the process of empowerment and community development for dragon fruit cultivation is with the socialization activities about the technology of dragon fruit cultivation. The purpose of this activity is to introduce dragon fruit plants to be cultivated in coastal areas of Pangandaran as one of the sources of food that rich with nutrition and support the improvement the nutrition of the community and allows to be an additional income for community. This activity was conducted in Cintaratu Village, Parigi, Pangandaran City by seminar and making the demonstration plot. The seminar was introduction of dragon fruit, explanation about the superiority and importance of dragon fruit as a source of nutrition, and also technology of dragon fruit cultivation in coastal area. In addition to making the demonstration plot (demplot) of dragon fruit on farmers' land. The results of this activities showed that there looks enthusiastic society to know more about what is the dragon fruit and how the dragon fruit culture techniques, so the dragon fruit in the area can develop. Keywords: Community, Cultivation, Dragon fruit, Pangandaran.

ABSTRACT Although the importance of supervisory function on village financial management in Indonesia cannot be debated, there is still some ambiguity in determining what the supervisors actually deliver as well as who the proper party that must do the supervisory. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the existence of a supervisory function expectation-gap on Indonesian village financial management. It is also aims at examining the relationship between the extent of supervisory function expected by the Village Consultative Body (Badan Permusyawaratan Desa—BPD) and its performance in supervising village governance. The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire distributed to the members of BPD, village communities, Camat and the members of regional inspectorate of Buleleng Regency of Bali Province. The results of Mann-Whitney test reveal that there exists a BPD’s supervisory function expectation-gap between the members of BPD and (a) village communities regarding the existed duties and the unreasonable expected duties of BPD; (b) Camat regarding the non-existed duties of BPD; (c) regional inspectorate regarding the existed duties, the non-existed duties and the unreasonable expected duties of BPD. Furthermore, the results of Ordinal Regression analysis indicate a significantly positive relationship between the expectation degree of supervisory function perceived by members of BPD and their performance. The findings have implications for understanding the expectation-gap phenomenon on Indonesian village financial management supervisory and also on the design of capacity building programs initiatives for members of village governance supervisory institutions in Indonesia.

Banyak literatur yang memaparkan manfaat penyelarasan antara Strategi Sistem Informasi/Teknologi Informasi (SI/TI) dengan strategi bisnis bagi keberhasilan organisasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat korelasi antara tingkat kemapanan suatu perusahaan dalam menyelaraskan strategi SI/TI dengan strategi bisnisnya dan produktivitas perusahaan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui studi kasus tunggal pada perusahaan perdagangan barang dan jasa teknologi informasi. Model yang digunakan dalam menilai tingkat kemapanan penyelarasan strategi SI/TI terhadap strategi bisnis adalah model tingkat kemapanan menurut kerangka kerja Control Objective for Information and Related Technology (COBIT). Ukuran produktivitas yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Melalui pengujian statistik non-parametrik dengan koefisien korelasi peringkat Spearman, tidak ditemukan korelasi positif antara tingkat kemapanan perusahaan dalam menyelaraskan strategi SI/TI dengan strategi bisnisnya dan produktivitas perusahaan. Sebagai kesimpulannya, dampak tingkat kemapanan penyelarasan strategi SI/TI melalui tata kelola TI terhadap produktivitas suatu organisasi tidak selalu dapat diukur dengan membandingkan keduanya dalam periode tahun yang sama. Much of the literature describing the benefits of alignment between Strategy Information Systems/Information Technology (IS/IT) with business strategy for the success of the organization. The study was conducted to see the correlation between the level of reliability of a company's strategy in aligning IS/IT with business strategy and company productivity. The research was conducted through a single case study on trade in goods and services enterprise information technology. The model used in assessing the reliability of the alignment of strategy IS/IT to business strategy is a model framework for the establishment by the Control Objective for Information and Related Technology (COBIT). Productivity measures used in this study is Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Through the non-parametric statistical tests with Spearman rank correlation coefficient, was not found a positive correlation between the level of maturity in aligning corporate strategy IS/IT with business strategy and corporate productivity. In conclusion, the impact of strategic alignment maturity level of IS/IT through IT governance on the productivity of an organization can not always be measured by comparing the two in the same period.

Banyak literatur yang memaparkan manfaat penyelarasan antara Strategi Sistem Informasi/Teknologi Informasi (SI/TI) dengan strategi bisnis bagi keberhasilan organisasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat korelasi antara tingkat kemapanan suatu perusahaan dalam menyelaraskan strategi SI/TI dengan strategi bisnisnya dan produktivitas perusahaan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui studi kasus tunggal pada perusahaan perdagangan barang dan jasa teknologi informasi. Model yang digunakan dalam menilai tingkat kemapanan penyelarasan strategi SI/TI terhadap strategi bisnis adalah model tingkat kemapanan menurut kerangka kerja Control Objective for Information and Related Technology (COBIT). Ukuran produktivitas yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Melalui pengujian statistik non-parametrik dengan koefisien korelasi peringkat Spearman, tidak ditemukan korelasi positif antara tingkat kemapanan perusahaan dalam menyelaraskan strategi SI/TI dengan strategi bisnisnya dan produktivitas perusahaan. Sebagai kesimpulannya, dampak tingkat kemapanan penyelarasan strategi SI/TI melalui tata kelola TI terhadap produktivitas suatu organisasi tidak selalu dapat diukur dengan membandingkan keduanya dalam periode tahun yang sama. Much of the literature describing the benefits of alignment between Strategy Information Systems/Information Technology (IS/IT) with business strategy for the success of the organization. The study was conducted to see the correlation between the level of reliability of a company's strategy in aligning IS/IT with business strategy and company productivity. The research was conducted through a single case study on trade in goods and services enterprise information technology. The model used in assessing the reliability of the alignment of strategy IS/IT to business strategy is a model framework for the establishment by the Control Objective for Information and Related Technology (COBIT). Productivity measures used in this study is Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Through the non-parametric statistical tests with Spearman rank correlation coefficient, was not found a positive correlation between the level of maturity in aligning corporate strategy IS/IT with business strategy and corporate productivity. In conclusion, the impact of strategic alignment maturity level of IS/IT through IT governance on the productivity of an organization can not always be measured by comparing the two in the same period.