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This study aimed to describe the feasibility of teaching modules with mind mapping strategies to improve creative thinking skills in chemical bonding material. The research method used was the 4-D model (define, design, develop and disseminate) which is limited to the development stage. The trial was conducted on 34 students of class XII IPA 4 at one of state senior high school in Surabaya. The teaching module was said to be feasible in terms of validity, practicality and effectiveness. The results showed the feasibility of teaching modules in terms of content validity getting mode 5 on very good category and construct validity getting mode 4 on good category so that overall the teaching module gets mode ≥4 and is declared valid. The practicality of teaching modules in terms of learning implementation gets a percentage of 93.63%, student activities get a percentage of 97.35% and student responses with a percentage of 92.12% with very practical criteria. The effectiveness of the teaching modules is seen from the improvement of students' creative thinking skills through pretest and posttest mind mapping as well as questions on the description of creative thinking skills on chemical bonding material with an N-Gain value obtained respectively of 0.73 and 0.72 in the high category. Based on the results of validity, practicality and effectiveness can be concluded that teaching modules with mind mapping strategies are appropriate to be used in learning to improve creative thinking skills in chemical bonding material.

This study aims to produce student worksheets with green chemistry oriented to train creative thinking skills in matter with reaction rate proper. The green chemistry principles studied in this research are limited to 1, 5, and 12. The research development method uses a 4-D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate) and is limited to the development stage. Limited trials were conducted on 35 students in class XI IPA 1 senior high school. The development of student worksheets is feasible if it fulfills three aspects, including aspects of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. It is declared valid if it gets a minimum mode value of 3 from the range of values ​​1-5 and is declared practical and effective if the proportion results are ≥ 61%. The results of the development of student worksheets mean that the feasibility of student worksheets in terms of theoretical validity consists of several things, namely content criteria that obtain a mode value of 5, linguistic criteria obtain a mode value of 5, presentation features obtain a mode value of 5, graphical criteria obtain a mode value 4, green chemistry scoring gets a mode value of 5, and criteria for creative thinking skills gets a mode value of 5. The practicality of student worksheets is seen from the student response questionnaire, which is supported by observations of student activities and the implementation of learning, each of which obtains very practical results with an average proportion of 94.64%, 94.5%, and 98.21%. The aspect of effectiveness is viewed from the results of the creative thinking ability test, which obtained 0.85, which is in the high category. Based on the results of validity, practicality, and effectiveness, it can be interpreted that the student worksheets developed are declared feasible for use in the teaching and learning process.

The principles of green chemistry can be implemented in chemistry learning. Basic Chemistry learning with Green Chemistry insight can also be adapted to high school chemistry learning. This study aims to describe basic chemistry learning, adaptations of chemistry learning and design of chemistry learning with green chemistry insight at high school based on the results of previous research. The method used in this study was a systematic review, namely a systematic narrative review conducted by mapping or systematic mapping study. Sources of data from electronic documents were traced through Google searching, ERIC document data, and research gates with the keywords green chemistry and green education. The results show that basic chemistry learning can apply several principles of green chemistry. The principles (preventing/reducing waste, saving energy, and using renewable feedstock) can be implemented in several chemistry topics. The topics cover separating mixtures, chemical reactions, fundamental laws of chemistry, acids and bases, and reaction rates. Also, green chemistry can be adapted to high school chemistry even though it has not been stated in the chemistry curriculum. The design of chemistry learning with green chemistry insight can apply several learning models, such as Problem Based Learning (PBL), Project Based Learning (PjBL), and Inquiry or Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL).

Science literacy and green chemistry is very needed in learning chemistry. The learning process uses student worksheet to increase scientific literacy ability and the application of green chemistry. The study aims to describe the feasibility of student worksheet with green chemistry insight to increase scientific literacy ability on the matter of acid base. The principles of green chemistry in this student worksheets were limited 3 principles. number 1 is preventing waste. number 5 is using safe solvent. and number 12 is minimizing the occurrencence of accidents. Research method was referred to the stage of 4-D development model (define, design, develop, and desseminate). This study is limited to the stage of development and limited test was conducted to 12 students in a state Senior High School. Analysis of the data uses quantitative descriptive methods. Feasibility in terms of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Worksheet is stated to be valid, practical, and effective if the percentage results are obtained ≥ 61%. The result showed that the feasibility of student worksheets is reviewed from content validity a percentage of 91.67% and construct validity a percentage of 94.26% with very valid criteria. The practicality of student worksheets is reviewed from observation of student activities a percentage of 95% with very good interpretations and response of student a percentage of 95.09% with very practical interpretations. The effectiveness of the student worksheets reviewed from pretest and posttest of scientific literacy with N-gain score of 0.88 high category.

The quality of nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) oil depend on it patchouli alcohol value. At there time nilam farmers just has produced nilam oil with patchouli alcohol value about 26–28%. To increase this value, fractional vacuum distillation had been done in this study. Nilam oil has been isolated from drying leaf of nilam plant. Patchouli alcohol in this oil was analyzed by gas chromatography, next the oil was distillated by fractional vacuum and the patchouli alcohol was determined from each fraction. This study showed that fractional vacuum distillation of nilam oil gives a higher patchouli alcohol value. The increasing was 23.3387%; from 35.022% at nilam oil before fractination vacuum distillation to 58.3515% at the third fraction from fractional vacuum distillation. In fact, the fourth fraction had the highest patchouli alcohol, but it had dark colour so isn’t fill the standard quality.

ABSTRAK Penelitian pengembangan metode sintesis furfural dengan bahan dasar campuran limbah pertanian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan waktu pemanasan dan konsentrasi asam optimum serta mewujudkan prinsip green chemistry. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan campuran limbah pertanian ampas tebu, limbah daun nanas dan limbah tanaman jagung dengan perbandingan 1:1:1. Proses sintesis melalui tahap hidrolisis pentosan, dehidrasi, dan siklodehidrasi untuk membentuk furfural dengan menggunakan alat refluks termodifkasi. Identifikasi furfural menggunakan uji warna dengan anilin asetat, uji indeks bias, spektrofotometer UV-Vis, dan IR, serta GC. Analisis pemenuhan prinsip green chemistry menggunakan daftar ceck 12 prinsip green chemstry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Waktu pemanasan dan konsentrasi asam sulfat optimum pada pembuatan furfural dari campuran limbah pertanian adalah 5 jam dan konsentrasi asam sulfat 10% (1,876 M) dengan rendemen sebesar 5,58%. Metode sintesis furfural yang dikembangkan dapat memenuhi 11 dari 12 prinsip green chemistry yang telah ditetapkan. ABSTRACT The study of developing furfural synthesis method from compost heap mixture had been done to determine optimum condition for this process and to reach out the green chemistry principles. In this research, the compost heap mixture is from three kinds of compost heap (bagasse, pineapple leaf, waste of corn plant) with same amount (1:1:1). The steps of furfural production process are hydrolysis of pentose by sulfuric acid, dehydration, and cyclodehydration to form furfural. It was produced by using a modification reflux apparatus. Identify of furfural product by using qualitative analysis color test with aniline acetate, refractive index test, UV-Vis, IR spectrophotometer, and GC. Green chemistry principles are analyzed by using check list of 12 principles of green chemistry. Based on this research was obtained that the optimum concentration of sulfuric acid is 10% (1,876M) with 5 hours heating process and 5,58% yield. Furfural synthesis methods had been developed in this study and reach out only 11 of the 12 principles of green chemistry set.