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Purpose: Bullying in elementary schools is a serious problem that can affect children's social and emotional well-being. This research aims to analyze the character-building capital applied in homeschooling and how this influences the social behavior of elementary school children in the context of bullying prevention. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interview methods and observations of parents and children participating in homeschooling. Findings: The research results show that homeschooling provides flexibility in the application of character values that can be adapted according to the child's individual needs. Character education methods applied in homeschooling, such as a values-based approach and direct parental involvement, have proven effective in increasing children's empathy, responsibility and social skills. This research provides new insight into the role of homeschooling in character formation and bullying prevention, and offers recommendations for developing more effective character education strategies in the homeschooling context. It is hoped that these findings will contribute to parents, educators and policy makers in creating a safer and more supportive educational environment for these children. Paper type: Research paper

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under hypoxic conditions can produce secretomes containing growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), accelerating angiogenesis in wound healing disorders in diabetic ulcers. This study aimed to prove the influence of gel secretome MSC hypoxia administration on increasing VEGF and P38 gene expression in rats’ diabetic wounds. An in vivo study was conducted on 25 male Rattus norvegicus, randomly divided into four groups: base gel as a negative control, Gentamycin as a positive control, and gel secretome at a dose of 100 µL, and 200 µL/kg body weight. The differences in P38 and VEGF gene expression were tested using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Wound closure appeared to be fastest in treatment groups at a dose of 100 µL/kg body weight, followed by a dose of 200 µL/kg body weight, followed by Gentamycin and base gel group. The wound closure rate percentage was significantly different in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.000). The results showed a significant difference in P38 and VEGF gene expression between the treatment and control groups (p = 0.000). This study demonstrates the administration of gel secretome hypoxia mesenchymal stem cells increases P38 and VEGF expression in rats’ diabetic wounds.

This research aims to evaluate regional innovations in implementing Surabaya City government policies to reduce stunting rates and improve the quality of public health services. A qualitative descriptive method was used with a case study approach involving field observations and structured interviews. The research results show the success of Posyandu Prima in reducing stunting rates significantly in the last two years. The Surabaya City Government has proven effective in managing this program's human resources and budget. The active involvement of Great Surabaya Cadres (KSH) and non-governmental organizations also contributed greatly to the program's success. Cross-sector collaboration plays an important role in supporting implementation. Institutional characteristics, such as commitment to public health and ability to collaborate, also matter. Theoretically, this research shows that synergy between the parties involved and government commitment can achieve significant results in handling the stunting problem. In conclusion, the Prima Posyandu Program has proven successful in reducing stunting rates and improving the quality of public health services in Surabaya. Additionally, the collaborative efforts between community stakeholders, healthcare providers, and governmental bodies underscore the crucial role of multi-sectoral partnerships in addressing complex public health issues like stunting. This synergy fosters comprehensive approaches that combine local knowledge, resources, and policy support to effectively combat stunting and enhance the well-being of communities. Thus, the Prima Posyandu Program's success is a compelling example of how concerted action and sustained commitment can yield tangible improvements in population health outcomes.

This research aims to evaluate regional innovations in implementing Surabaya City government policies to reduce stunting rates and improve the quality of public health services. A qualitative descriptive method was used with a case study approach involving field observations and structured interviews. The research results show the success of Posyandu Prima in reducing stunting rates significantly in the last two years. The Surabaya City Government has proven effective in managing this program's human resources and budget. The active involvement of Great Surabaya Cadres (KSH) and non-governmental organizations also contributed greatly to the program's success. Cross-sector collaboration plays an important role in supporting implementation. Institutional characteristics, such as commitment to public health and ability to collaborate, also matter. Theoretically, this research shows that synergy between the parties involved and government commitment can achieve significant results in handling the stunting problem. In conclusion, the Prima Posyandu Program has proven successful in reducing stunting rates and improving the quality of public health services in Surabaya. Additionally, the collaborative efforts between community stakeholders, healthcare providers, and governmental bodies underscore the crucial role of multi-sectoral partnerships in addressing complex public health issues like stunting. This synergy fosters comprehensive approaches that combine local knowledge, resources, and policy support to effectively combat stunting and enhance the well-being of communities. Thus, the Prima Posyandu Program's success is a compelling example of how concerted action and sustained commitment can yield tangible improvements in population health outcomes.

TGF-β and VEGF are vital in cell proliferation and regeneration, as evidenced in processes like wound healing. The leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam exhibit anti-inflammatory and cell regenerative properties that may facilitate the transition from the inflammatory to the proliferative phase, enhancing wound repair. This research sought to discern the potential of orally administered moringa leaf extract in augmenting systemic wound healing, focusing on TGF-β and VEGF serum as in vivo molecular markers. This research was conducted at the Animal Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, and the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Universitas Padjadjaran, from January to March 2022. We divided thirty Swiss Webster mice into two categories: healthy and wound-treated. Wounded mice received 100 mg/kgBW Na CMC as a negative control, 500 mg/kgBW zinc syrup as a positive control, and M. oleifera leaves ethanol extract (MOLE) in doses of 280 and 560 mg/kgBW orally from day 3 to day 6. Wound progression was documented and measured on days 0, -1, -3, and -6. Day-6 blood samples were obtained, and TGF-β and VEGF serum levels were gauged using ELISA. Results from day 6 revealed that wound coverage in the 280 and 560 mg/kgBW MOLE groups was 13.76±5% and 13.38±4%, respectively. These percentages notably surpassed that of the negative control group (p=0.005). However, the TGF-β and VEGF serum levels in the MOLE-treated groups did not differ significantly from the negative control (p=0.081 and p=0.149, respectively). Thus, the study concludes that while MOLE expedites wound closure, it does so without the systemic involvement of TGF-β and VEGF in vivo.

Treatment using plant materials has been widely researched and observed to assist in curing a disease. Medicinal products derived from herbal plants are proven useful as drugs must follow guidelines not to cause acute or chronic toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the teratogenic potential of an ethanolic sappan wood extract on the growth of unborn rats. Six groups of pregnant rats are created: Aquadest was administered to the Control group, whereas the Treatment groups received 100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg.kg-1 BW of an ethanolic extract of Sappan wood. On the twenty-first day of gestation, pregnant rats were CO2-euthanized and delivered vaginally. Rats' body weight during pregnancy was observed, along with fetal growth measurements, viscoelastic examination, and skeletal development. Wistar rats' reproductive systems, fetal body weight, body length, and tail length were all unaffected by ethanol extract of Sappan wood at doses from 100 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg. In fetuse rat from the control group and the five dosage groups, no skeletal development had taken place and there were no obvious external abnormalities. Even at the maximum dose of 500 mg, sappan wood extract demonstrated no teratogenic effects on the development of fetal rats.kg-1 BW.

This study examined the legal safeguards necessary to combat fraudulent QRIS systems in digital transactions, focusing on the imperative need to protect consumers who are often more vulnerable than business entities in the digital transaction process. Employing a normative legal research methodology, the study utilized a legislative approach and concept analysis to deliver its findings. The study revealed that preventive legal protection, manifesting as increased public awareness and understanding of the QRIS system, its use, and associated criminal potentials, is essential. Repressive legal protection should be implemented by enhancing the capacity and infrastructure of law enforcement agencies. In cases of internal issues with the QRIS system, the liability of the system's creator or issuer must be clearly defined. The electronic system's execution can be managed by the electronic system provider or delegated to e-business agent operators, underlined by good faith, transparency, accountability, fairness, and prudence. This research underscores the importance of extensive public socialization and training on the use and risks of the QRIS system, providing implications for bolstering consumer protection laws, enhancing law enforcement capacity and infrastructure, and refining electronic transaction regulations in Indonesia. Highlights: • The vulnerability of consumers in digital transactions necessitates robust legal safeguards, particularly regarding the use of the QRIS system. • Both preventive (educational) and repressive (enforcement) legal protections are vital to combat fraudulent digital transactions and enhance consumer confidence. • Enhancing law enforcement capabilities and infrastructure, as well as clearly defining the liability of QRIS system issuers, is imperative for maintaining the integrity of digital transactions. Keywords: Legal protection, digital transactions, fraudulent QRIS, consumer protection, law enforcement capacity.

Sultan Jalaluddin Akbar the ruler of the Mughals had the concept of Din Ilahi as a form of religious syncretism. Din Ilahi is a teaching of tolerance and religious pluralism which requires all religions to unite under its leadership. However, the concept of the Din Ilahi received a lot of criticism and challenges from Islamic circles, especially in the palace sphere. This article aims to briefly overview religious syncretism with the concept of Din Ilahi from Sultan Jalaluddin Akbar. This article also tries to portray how the concept of the Din Ilahi as a syncretistic thought has received a lot of criticism and challenges from Islamic circles. The method used is the historical research method or Historical Research which consists of four stages. These stages are heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The result found is that the Din Ilahi is not only a religious syncretism but also a political tool of Sultan Akbar in uniting every difference of belief in the Mughal Dynasty. The Din Ilahi in its teachings makes the majority of Muslims discriminated against. The Din Ilahi is considered to have harmed the actual teachings of Islam by mixing various religious teachings. KeywordsSultan Akbar; Syncretism; Mughal Dynasty; Din Ilahi.

The high incidence of breast cancer cases in the world requires the use of applicative methods. The 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced breast cancer animal model is a widely used chemical-induced animal models for research on breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanism related to DMBA induction remains unclear. Good understanding on DMBA-induced animal models is crucial for studies related to future breast cancer treatments as animal models will provide a deeper understanding of anticancer medication, specifically those aimed for treating breast cancer. The aim of this study was to develop an DMBA-induced animal model for breast cancer. This study used female Wistar rats injected subcutaneously with DMBA as a carcinogen-induced agent (20 mg/kg) to induce tumor. Rat tumors were then evaluated and breast appearance was observed weekly, starting from day 28th after DMBA injection. Breast cancer tissue was then sampled and stored at -80°C until it was used for western blot and histological study. This study indicated that DMBA induced cancer in female Wistar rat’s breasts, and cytoplastic cells and lung metastatic was identified macroscopically and histopathologically. The metabolic sign was observed in the lung and breast sections. Interestingly, the DMBA induction in this study does not only induce organ cancers but also induces estrogen receptors and stimulates signaling of estrogen receptors α (ERα), ERβ, and Akt.

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate and investigate the influence of the fraud pentagon on fraudulent financial reporting. A quantitative technique was applied in the investigation. This study makes use of secondary data and a purposive sampling technique. The sample for this study consisted of 31 Property and Real Estate Sub-Sector Service Companies that were listed on the IDX from 2017 to 2019. Regression analysis of panel data was employed as the statistical strategy in this investigation. The findings show that the pressure and opportunity variables have a positive and significant impact on fraudulent financial reporting. Meanwhile, rasionalization, competence, and arrogance all have a negative and minor impact on fraudulent financial reporting. This study, on the other hand, shows that pressure, opportunity, rationalization, competence, and arrogance all have an impact on dishonest financial reporting Keywords: Pressure,Opportunity,Rasionalization,Competence,Arrogance

The objective of this research is to analyze the differences of financial performance before and after Initial Public Offering digital startups which are listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2017 and 2018. The sample of this research is all of digital startups which are listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2017 and 2018. The sample is 5 digital startups. This research used Paired Sample t-test and Wilcoxon Sign test as the data analysis. The finding indicated financial performance which calculated by debt to asset ratio was significant difference on digital startups between before and after Initial Public Offering. The result of this research indicated that the financial performance of digital startups before and after Initial Public Offering had an insignificant difference. The financial performance of digital startups increased after Initial Public Offering.

This study aims to determine changes related to epididymal sperm parameters in mice given cogon grass root ethanol extract (CGREE). The experiment was carried out by dividing three groups of mice aged 4-week old (early pubertal), 8-week old (adult), and 24-week old (old) as control and treatment groups. The treatment groups were given 115 mg/kg body weight of CGREE for 14 days. The mice were sacrificed on day 15 to asses reproductive organ indexes and quality of the epididymal sperm. Index of epididymis and ductus deferens indices significantly reduced in the 4-week old treatment group compared to control (0.23 vs 0.33; 0.08 vs 0.16, respectively), and vesical seminal significantly reduced in 8- week old treatment group compared to control (0.76 vs 0.68). The epididymal sperm quality significantly decreased in all treatment groups, but the sperm concentration in early pubertal group showed an increase. These results indicate that CGREE can enhance several semen parameters in prepubertal and adult mice but this effect is not apparent in old mice.

An increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM-2) has been observed from 1.1% in 2007 to 1.5% in 2018 with incidents occur in both urban areas and rural areas of Indonesia. Garut as one of the rural areas in Indonesia is the fourth district with the highest DM-2 incidence in West Java Province, Idnonesia. Physical activity is considered to affect the glycemic control and weight loss in DM-2 patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relation between the physical activity level and blood glucose level in DM-2 patients in Garut, Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional observational analytic study on 46 DM-2 patients who were the members of the Garut Branch of the Indonesian Diabetes Association (PERSADIA), in May 2018. The physical activity level was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) while the blood glucose level was measured using fasting blood glucose level test. Data were then analyzed using analysis of variance test. Results showed that most participants had a low level of physical activity (52.2%) while the lowest fasting blood glucose was obtained from patients with high physical activity (98.63±11.6), compared to those with moderate and low physical activity levels (123.43±20.16 and 164.21±19.04 mg/dL, respectively) with p=0.000 (p

Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) is widely used in industry, toxic to the environment and humans, and most often used as a model of acute liver damage and liver fibrosis in experimental animals. Liver damage can deteriorate the hematological profile. The roots of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica L.) have been used as traditional medicine due to its antioxidant activity. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, from January to March 2019. The study aimed to investigate whether the cogongrass roots ethanol extract (CGRE) can ameliorate the disturbance in the hematological profile in acute CCl4-injected mice. CGRE in dose 150 and 200 mg/kgBW was given orally to mice for four weeks before intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 1 mL/kgBW in olive oil (1:1 v/v). After 48 hours, mice were sacrificed, and the whole blood was drawn for hematological analysis. As a result, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was reduced in CCl4-induction mice treated with CGRE in dose 150 mg/kgBW (49.25±3.06 vs 43.38±2.13 fl, p

Sepsis causes damage for cells, behavioral phenotype regression, and will end in most patients' death. The ethanol extract of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica L.) acts as an antioxidant. This study aimed to observe the effect of giving ECGR to body weight (BW) and the sepsis score of the sepsis mice model by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction. This study was an in vivo study with a randomized post-test controlled group design at the Animal Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran, 2018. We used 4 (four) groups of male mice (Mus musculus) DDY strains. Group 1 as a control, group 2: LPS 10 μL/kgBW, group 3, and 4: LPS+ECGR (90 mg/kgBW, and a dose of 115 mg/kgBW, respectively). This treatment was performed for two weeks. Every three days, we measured their body weight. After two weeks, group 2, group 3, and 4 were injected with LPS for 8 hours to induce sepsis. Next, we measured body weight and sepsis score using murine sepsis score (MSS). Then statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed no differences in body weight were found in the treatment groups (3 and 4) compared with control, suggesting no effect of ECGR in decreasing mice body weight. The sepsis score was more than 21 in groups treated with LPS (2, 3, and 4), suggesting LPS can induce sepsis. There was a slight decrease in scores in-group 3 and 4 compared with group 2. This study concludes that the treatment of ECGR caused no harm to body weight and slightly decreased sepsis score in the sepsis mice model. EKSTRAK ETANOL ALANG-ALANG (IMPERATA CYLINDRICA L.) TERHADAP BOBOT BADAN DAN SKOR SEPSIS MENCIT MODEL SEPSIS Sepsis menyebabkan kerusakan sel, regresi fenotipe perilaku, dan akan berakhir kematian pada sebagian besar pasien. Ekstrak etanol akar alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica L.) (ECGR) berperan sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ECGR terhadap bobot badan (BB) dan skor sepsis pada mencit model sepsis yang diinduksi lipopolisakarida (LPS). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian in vivo dengan desain randomized post-test controlled group di Laboratoium Hewan Universitas Padjadjaran tahun 2018. Kami menggunakan 4 (empat) kelompok mencit jantan (Mus musculus) strain DDY. Kelompok 1 sebagai kontrol, kelompok 2 diinduksi LPS 10 μL/kgBB, kelompok 3 dan 4 diinduksi LPS+ECGR (dosis 90 mg/kgBB dan 115 mg/kgBB masing-masing). Perlakuan ini dilakukan selama 2 minggu. Setiap tiga hari dilakukan pengukuran bobot badan mencit. Setelah dua minggu, kelompok 2, kelompok 3, dan kelompok 4 diinjeksi LPS selama 8 jam untuk menginduksi sepsis. Selanjutnya, diukur bobot badan dan skor sepsis menggunakan murine sepsis score (MSS). Analisis statistik menggunakan ANOVA dan Uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bobot badan pada kelompok perlakuan (3 dan 4) dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol yang menunjukkan ECGR tidak berpengaruh dalam menurunkan bobot badan mencit. Skor sepsis lebih dari 21 pada kelompok yang diinduksi LPS (2, 3, dan 4) menunjukkan LPS dapat menyebabkan sepsis. Terdapat sedikit penurunan skor pada kelompok 3 dan 4 dibanding dengan kelompok 2. Simpulan penelitian ini, pengobatan ECGR tidak membahayakan bobot badan dan mengakibatkan sedikit penurunan skor sepsis pada mencit model sepsis.

Pemilihan jenis krioprotektan merupakan salah satu kunci keberhasilan dalam mempertahankan motilitas dan viabilitas sperma pascavitrifikasi. Secara konvensional, vitrifikasi menggunakan konsentrasi krioprotektan dan laju kecepatan pembekuan yang tinggi untuk menghindari pembentukan kristal es intra dan ekstraseluler yang menyebabkan kerusakan dan kematian pada sel. Berdasar atas kemampuan menembus membran sel, krioprotektan dibedakan menjadi krioprotektan ekstra dan intraseluler. Sperma manusia memiliki struktur morfologi yang sangat padat dan sedikit mengandung sitoplasma sehingga perpindahan cairan selama proses vitrifkasi sangat kecil. Selain itu, sperma manusia juga mengandung beberapa jenis protein yang dapat berfungsi sebagai krioprotektan intraseluler. Berdasar atas kondisi tersebut, penggunaan krioprotektan pada vitrifkasi sperma manusia memerlukan studi lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Sentral Universitas Padjadjaran dan dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2017–Januari 2018.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui motilitas dan viabilitas sperma pascavitrifikasi dengan menggunakan tipe krioprotektan yang berbeda dan kombinasi keduanya. Earle’s balanced salt solution digunakan sebagai krioprotekan ekstraseluler, sementara EG 0,57% sebagai krioprotektan intraseluler. Sampel yang telah ditambahkan medium vitrifikasi diequilibrasi selama 10 menit, kemudian dikemas di dalam straw 0,25 mL dan langsung dipaparkan ke dalam nitrogen cair. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan melakukan thawing setelah 24 jam penyimpanan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa motilitas dan viabilitas sperma tertinggi pada kelompok yang menggunakan media vitrifikasi krioprotektan ekstraseluler, walaupun secara statistik tidak berbeda nyata dengan kelompok lainnya (34%; 50%; p

The spread of zoonoses between humans and animals can increase with the presence of specific contacts between the two. As well as intensive contact between farmer and goat. Anemia is a common hematologic change encountered in infection and zoonoses so it can be used as an early indicator for zoonoses. Nevertheless, anemia itself cannot lead to a specific etiology thus differential leukocyte count and goat fecal examination can be a good supporting test. Understanding the etiologies of the disease is critically important in preventing the decline in human’s quality of life as well as economic losses. This cross-sectional study included 30 farmers who were recruited by purposive sampling method. They agreed to do a CBC examination with 22 parameters. From the test, 37% of them showed mild anemia. There were 45% farmers with microcytic hypochromic anemia while the rest had normocytic normochromic anemia. There was an increased number in eosinophil and segmented neutrophil from anemic farmers, 18% and 9% respectively. Besides, 13% of goats physical examination indicated as below normal conditions characterized by lean bodies, lymph node swelling, and pale mucosa. Whereas 38% goat’s fecal test showed evidence of Strongyle eggs. The research suggests a possible interrelation between animals, humans, and the environment with an increased risk of zoonoses. Anemia and eosinophilia that occur can be an early marker which will be decisive not only for the success of the disease progression reduction but also the long term suppression of the economic loss.

Sperm morphology is an important parameter to be observed in the male fertility. Some of the bioactive compounds of cogongrass root such as alkaloid and terpenoid, affect male fertility by interference the spermatogenesis. The objective of the study was to observe the effect of cogongrass root ethanol extract on mouse sperm morphology. This study was carried out by oral administration of two different doses i.e 90 and 115 mg/kg body weight of cogongrass root ethanol extract into 8-10 weeks old DDY strain mice for 14 days to evaluated the acute effect due to the administration of cogongrass root ethanol extract on mouse sperm morphology. The results showed that treatment with cogongrass root ethanol extract significantly increased sperm abnormalities followed a dose depending pattern (p

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh keberadaan corpus luteum (CL) pada ovarium domba umur pubertas awal terhadap kualitas oosit hasil koleksi dan tingkat maturasinya secara in vitro (IVM). Sebanyak 279 oosit digunakan, terbagi pada kelompok tanpa CL (CL-) sebanyak 143 dan dengan CL (CL+) sebanyak 136. Oosit dipilih berdasarkan homogenitas sitoplasma dan dikelompokkan sesuai jumlah lapisan sel kumulus yaitu grade 1 (4 lapis), grade 2 (3–4 lapis) dan grade 3 (0–2 lapis). Media IVM menggunakan Tissue Culture Media 199 ditambah antibiotik, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, dan 10% Fetal Bovine Serum. Maturasi dilakukan pada inkubator 38,5°C, 5% CO2 selama 24 jam. Pasca IVM, tingkat kematangan oosit dievaluasi berdasar kemunculan Polar Body I (PB I). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan CL tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas oosit yang dikoleksi pada semua grade. Keberadaan CL berpengaruh pada tingkat kematangan oosit pada grade 1 sebesar 48,64% dibandingkan CL- sebesar 47,19% (p0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa berpengaruh pada tingkat kematangan oosit setelah IVM. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan potensi penggunaan oosit ternak umur pubertas awal untuk digunakan lebih lanjut dalam program produksi embrio secara in vitro. (Effect of the presence of corpus luteum on oocytes quality and in vitro maturation rate of ewes at early puberty) ABSTRACT. This study aims to know effect of presence of corpus luteum (CL) to collected oocytes quality and its maturation rate post in vitro maturation (IVM), on local ewes ovary at early puberty. In total 279 oocytes were collected, 143 without CL (CL-) and 136 with CL present (CL+). Oocytes were selected according to sitoplasma hemogenity, divided into 3 grades according to cumulus cell (CC) layer namely Grade 1, 2 and 3 indicated by 4, 3–4, and 0–2 CC layers, respectively. The IVM media was Tissue Culture Media 199 supplemented with antibiotic, Follicel Stimulating Hormone, and 10% Fetal Bovine Serum following culture at 38.5°C and 5% CO2. Twenty four hours post IVM, oocytes were evaluated on the presence of Polar Body I. Result showed that oocytes quality were not different among group in all grades. The present of CL gives better maturation rate in grade 1 compared to CL- (48.64 vs 47.19%; p0.05). The present finding show that the presence of CL improves oocytes maturation rate post IVM. Moreover, this study shows the potency of using oocytes from ewes ovary at early puberty for further in vitro embryo production program

Food deprivation is one of the extreme conditions that mammals have to survive. The majority of the tissues, excluding the brain and red blood cells, depend on the fatty acids (FA) utilization to produce energy. We recently showed in mice lacking for CD36 (CD36−/−), the uptake of FA is limited with dramatically increased of glucose uptake in heart and skeletal muscle in fasted condition, indicating a compensatory mechanism of organ to fulfill an energy demand. The liver is the central tissue maintaining metabolic homeostasis in fasted state. Synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the mitochondria via beta-oxidation was mediated by carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a). The objective of this research was to explore the role of CD36 in CPT1a expression in the fasted state. This research was conducted at Gunma University Japan in 2015. The method was in vivo-experimental, that we used CD36−/− and wild-type (WT) mice, as a control. The gene expression of CPT1a was measured by real-time PCR. Fasting condition up regulated mRNA expression of CPT1a in both WT and CD36−/− mice in 24 h and 48 h. However in CD36−/− mice, the mRNA expression of CPT1a in 24 h fasted state was lower very significantly than WT mice (p

Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) has been known as traditional herb because of its antioxidant activity. The oxidant level in the body increases linearly with age. Antioxidant works by decreasing the vulnerability of mammalian spermatozoa towards free radical attack. This study aimed to determine whether the active compound of Imperata cyclindrica root extract improved or damaged sperm function in old mice. This was a complete randomized study performed in the Mouse Animal Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran during the period of August to December 2017. This study was carried out by oral administration of three different doses i.e 115, 230, and 345 mg/kg body weight of cogon grass root ethanol extract into 24- weeks-old DDY strain mice for 14 days. Results showed no significant difference in body weight and testicular index before and after treatment (p

ABSTRAK. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji efek vitrifikasi dengan menggunakan dua buah system carrier yang berbeda terhadap viabilitas oosit domba yang telah dimaturasi secara in vitro. Oo­sit dibagi menjadi dua kelompok perlakuan, yaitu (i) divitrifikasi dengan menggunakan hemistraw (ii) divitrifikasi dengan menggunakan cryotop. Viabilitas oosit dievaluasi berdasarkan reekspansi, warna dan homogenitas sitoplasma. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa viabilitas oosit setelah vi­trifikasi serupa pada kedua jenis carrier yang digu­nakan untuk vitrifikasi. Oosit diletakkan dalam larutan equilibrasi yang mengandung konsentrasi permeable kriopro­tektan setengah dari larutan vitrifikasi. Se­telah 15 menit, oosit ditransfer ke dalam media vitrifikasi yang mengandung 17% EG+17% DMSO +0, 65M sukrosa di dalam modified PBS yang dis­uplementasi dengan 20% fetal bovine serum. Total waktu yang digunakan untuk memaparkan oosit ke dalam laru­tan vitrifikasi adalah 30 detik. 5-8 oosit dipipet menggunakan kapiler gelas dan diletak­kan/loading ke dalam carrier yang digunakan (hemistraw atau cryotop) kemudian langsung di paparkan ke dalam nitrogen cair. Viabilitas oosit dievaluasi berdasarkan reekspansi, warna dan homogenitas sitoplasma. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa viabilitas oosit setelah vi­trifikasi serupa pada kedua jenis carrier yang digu­nakan untuk vitrifikasi (Comparation of sheep oocyte viability after vitrification using hemistraw and cryotop) ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to examine the effect vitrification using two different carrier system on the matured sheep oocytes viability. Oocytes were devided into two group (i) vitrified using hemistraw (ii) vitrified using cryotop. Oocytes placed into equilibration solution which is containing a half concentration permeable cryoprotectant of vitrification solution. After 15 minute, oocytes were transferred into vitri­fication solution containing 17% EG+17% DMSO +0, 65M sucrose in modified PBS supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum. The total exposure time of oocytes to vitrification solution was 30 sec. Oocytes were pipetted into a glass capillary into group 5-8, and loaded into carrier (hemistraw or cryotop) then plugged into liquid nitrogen. After a week cryopreservation, oocytes were warmed and cultured in TCM 199 suplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 38.50 C under 5% CO2 for 3h. Oo­cytes viability was evaluated by re expansion, color and homogeneity of oocyte cytoplasm. Our results indicated that the oocytes viability after vitrification was similar from both of carrier for vitrification

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat pengaruh intensitas lamanya bermain daring dengan prestasi geometri dan menggambar pada anak Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada anak SD usia 10- 11 tahun yang menghabiskan minimal 1 jam sehari bermaian game on line baik dilakukan di warnet, rumah, komputer, handphone. Tempat penelitian dilakukan di SDN Ciputat 1, 6 dan 9 tahun ajaran 2014/2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan diskriptif kuantitatif yang menggambarkan intensitas waktu bermain game selama 1 jam (60 menit) - 7 jam (420 menit) setiap harinya dengan melibatkan responden penelitian sebanyak 73 siswa. Pengambilan datanya melalui angket, tes bangun datar dan menggambar bebas. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. Hasil hipotesis menunjukkan lama bermain game berpengaruh terhadap nilai geometri dan menggambar menunjukkan bahwa di dapat lebih besar pengaruh lamannya bermaian game terhadap nilai menggambar dibandingkan nilai geometri. Jika diitingkatkan lamanya permaianan daring yang mengalami penurunan nilai prestasi siswa lebih besar pada nilai menggambar dibanding geometri. Abstract: the purpose of this study was to determine the level of intensity influence the length of playing online with geometry and drawing on the achievements of primary school children. Research was conducted on elementary school children aged 10- 11 years were spent at least 1 hour a day bermaian online gaming is best done in cafes, homes, computers, mobile phones. Place of research conducted in SDN Ciputat 1, 6 and 9 of the school year 2014/2015. This study used quantitative descriptive approach which describes the intensity time playing the game for 1 hour (60 minutes) - 7 hours (420 minutes) each day involving research respondents as many as 73 students. Capturing data through questionnaires, geometry tests and draw freely. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression. Results show hypothesized to play the game affect the value of geometry and drawing can show that in the bigger influence on the value of their pages game bermaian draw compared to the value of geometry. If increase length online games or impaired student achievement is greater in value than the drawing geometry.

The aim of this study was to determine the best combination of cryoprotectant (Ethylene glycol, EG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and propanediol (PrOH) and carrier system (hemistraw and cryotop) in improving ewe oocytes viability during cryopreservation. Oocytes with multi layers of compact cumulus cells were colleted from abbatoir and matured in TCM 199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum for 24-26 h at 38.5° C under 5% CO2 in the air. Matured oocyte was divided into six parts and vitrified in three different vitrification solutions; (i) 17% EG+17% DMSO with hemistraw as carrier system, (ii) 34% EG with hemistraw as carrier system, (iii) 17% EG+17% PrOH in hemistraw (iv), 17% EG+17% DMSO with cryotop as carrier system (v), 34% EG with cryotop as carrier system (vi), and 17% EG+17% PrOH in cryotop. Oocytes were cryopreserved for one week before revived and evaluated for viability. The result showed that oocytes vitrified in media containing EG and DMSO in cryotop had the highest viability (88.16%) compared to media containing EG only or EG and PrOH (70.95% and 68.76%, respectively) (P0.05). Moreover, oocytes viability that vitrified using cryotop and hemistraw as carrier system were not significantly different. The present results indicated that vitrification using combination of EG and DMSO as permeable cryoprotectant and cryotop as carrier system was the best system to maintain oocyte viability after vitrification-warming.

This essay will analyse the main problems of protecting Geograhical Indication (GI) under trademark law. The problems includes improper definition, inclusion of craft, the treat becomes generic, the the registration conflict and its obstacles. Furthermore, this essay assumes that trademark law seems insufficient and incompatible to protect GI. Then essay advises an alternative protection under sui generis law by firstly describing legal basis for sui generis system for GI and minimum elements in sui generis law. Finally the essay conclude whether GI in Indonesia be more appropriately protected under sui generis law or not. Saat ini, perlindungan Indikasi Geografis (IG) di Indonesia diatur di bawah rezim Hukum Merek yang menimbulkan beberapa problematika yuridis. Problematika yuridis antara lain definisi IG yang tidak pas,muatan substansi IG, benturan pendaftaran IG dan Merek serta kendala lainnya. Berdasarkan kendalakendala tersebut, makalah ini mensintesakan bahwa perlindungan IG di dalam undang-undang Merek sepertinya tidak tepat sehingga perlu dikeluarkan dari undang-undang Merek. Selanjutnya makalah ini menganalisa alternatif perlindungan IG secara sui generis system sebagai pilihan yang lebih baik, dengan terlebih dahulu memaparkan landasaan hukum sui generis system dan unsur-unsur minimal yang harus ada pada sui generis system.

This paper analyses the need of extension of Geographical Indication (GI) protection since the current protection under Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is insufficient to cover all products as a result of discriminatory provisions in TRIPS regulating a greater protection to wines and spirits only and different level of GI protection under Article 22 and Article 23 TRIPS. This paper then assumes that the extensive GI protection for all products should be supported because it would give greater benefits particularly to developing countries such as prevent the free riding, attract regional investment and obtain market power. Perlindungan Indikasi Geografis (IG) perlu diperluas tidak hanya pada produk tertentu seperti wines danspiritskarena perlindungan IG diatur di dalam TRIPS tidak cukup memberikan perlindungan kepada semua produk sebagai akibat perbedaan pengaturan di TRIPS yang memberikan perlindungan lebih kepada wines danspirits saja dan adanya perbedaan tingkat perlindungan pada Pasal 22 dan 23 TRIPS. Perluasan perlindungan IG harus didukung karena akan memberikan manfaat khususnya kepada negara berkembang. Perluasan perlindungan IG dapat melarang pemboncengan reputasi, menarik investasi dan meningkatkan kekuatan produk negara berkembang di pasaran.

This paper analyses the need of extension of Geographical Indication (GI) protection since the current protection under Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is insufficient to cover all products as a result of discriminatory provisions in TRIPS regulating a greater protection to wines and spirits only and different level of GI protection under Article 22 and Article 23 TRIPS. This paper then assumes that the extensive GI protection for all products should be supported because it would give greater benefits particularly to developing countries such as prevent the free riding, attract regional investment and obtain market power. Perlindungan Indikasi Geografis (IG) perlu diperluas tidak hanya pada produk tertentu seperti wines danspiritskarena perlindungan IG diatur di dalam TRIPS tidak cukup memberikan perlindungan kepada semua produk sebagai akibat perbedaan pengaturan di TRIPS yang memberikan perlindungan lebih kepada wines danspirits saja dan adanya perbedaan tingkat perlindungan pada Pasal 22 dan 23 TRIPS. Perluasan perlindungan IG harus didukung karena akan memberikan manfaat khususnya kepada negara berkembang. Perluasan perlindungan IG dapat melarang pemboncengan reputasi, menarik investasi dan meningkatkan kekuatan produk negara berkembang di pasaran.

Vitrifikasi merupakan suatu teknik kriopreservasi tanpa disertai pembentukan kristal es, baik intraseluler maupun ekstraseluler. Tingkat keberhasilan vitrifikasi sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis dan konsentrasi krioprotektan yang digunakan. Sukrosa merupakan krioprotektan ekstraseluler yang mempunyai peranan dalam menjaga kestabilan membran sel pada saat proses dehidrasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji efek penambahan sukrosa dalam dua level konsentrasi yang berbeda pada morfologi dan persentase hidup oosit pascavitrifikasi dengan menggunakan oosit domba yang telah dimatangkan secara in vitro sebagai model. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Riset dan Bioteknologi, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Padjadjaran periode September 2016–Desember 2016. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua kelompok perlakuan, yaitu penambahan 0,5 M sukrosa atau 0,65 M sukrosa pada media vitrifikasi. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase oosit hidup dan morfologi oosit yang mati pascavitrifikasi-pencairan kembali. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa persentase oosit hidup pascavitrifikasi meningkat 20% setelah penambahan sukrosa 0,65M. Fraktur zona pelusida merupakan kerusakan morfologi yang banyak ditemukan pada oosit yang divitrifikasi dengan penambahan 0,5 M sukrosa dalam larutan vitrifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa penambahan sukrosa 0,65 M sebagai krioprotektan ekstraseluler meningkatkan peluang hidup oosit setelah proses vitrifikasi. Kata kunci: Krioprotektan, morfologi oosit, sukrosa, vitrifikasi Comparison of Oocyte Viability after Vitrification with Two Different Sucrose Concentration Level Vitrification is a cryopreservation technique without the formation of ice crystals, both intracellular and extracellular. The success of vitrification depends on the type and concentration of cryoprotectants. Sucrose is one of the extracellular cryoprotectants that play a role in maintaining cell membrane during dehydration process. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the addition of two different sucrose concentration levels on the morphology and viability of oocyte after vitrification using matured sheep oocytes as a model. This study was conducted at the Research and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran during September–December 2016. The oocytes were randomly assigned into groups with two different concentrations of sucrose in vitrification media: i.e. 0.5 M and 0.65 M. The parameters observed were the percentage of live oocytes and the dead oocyte morphology after vitrification-thawing. The results showed that the percentage of live matured oocytes post-vitrification increased by 20% after the addition of 0.65M sucrose. Fracture of pellucida zone was the major finding in the post-vitrification dead oocytes in 0.5 M sucrose group. This indicates that vitrification using 0.65M sucrose as extracellular cryoprotectant presents a higher oocyte survival after vitrification-thawing. Key words: Cryoprotectant, oocytes morphology, sucrose, vitrification

Telah dilakukan penelitian observasi kejadian pincang pada sapi bali akibat trauma terkait proses transportasi di Pasar Hewan Beringkit, Mengwi, Badung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada dan tidaknya kejadian pincang pada sapi bali yang dipasarkan di Pasar Hewan Beringkit dan untuk mengetahui bagian kaki sapi bali yang sering mengalami kepincangan. Pengamatan dilakukan sebanyak 12 kali pada setiap hari pasar (Rabu dan Minggu) dan hari Prapasar (Selasa dan Sabtu) tepat di depan dermaga dan di lanjutkan di delapan los Pasar Hewan Beringkit. Sapi bali yang mengalami kepincangan didata dan dokumentasikan, selanjutnya meminta informasi kepada peternak pemilik sapi bali tersebut terkait anamnesis dan kejadian pincang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan dari 6.881 ekor sapi bali terdapat empat kejadian pincang pada sapi bali yang dipasarkan di Pasar Hewan Beringkit, yang disebabkan karena proses transportasi. Dari kajian ini disimpulkan bahwa para peternak pada umumnya sudah mengetahui cara penanganan sapi untuk mencegah kejadian pincang akibat trauma terkait transportasi.

Dermatofitosis atau tinea adalah penyakit infeksi jamur superficial yang menyerang kulit,rambut dan kuku yang disebabkan oleh suatu infeksi dermatofita. Infeksi jamurdermatofita yang terjadi pada badan, tungkai dan lengan, tetapi tidak termasuk lipat paha,tangan dan kaki disebut tinea korporis, sedangkan tinea kruris adalah infeksi jamurdermatofita pada daerah kulit lipat paha, daerah pubis, perineum dan perianal. Dilaporkansatu kasus tinea korporis et kruris yang kronis dan meluas pada separuh tubuh seorangremaja, dengan riwayat penggunaan kortikosteroid yang lama, gambaran klinisnyaadalah bercak kemerahan pada dada,perut,lipatan paha dan tungkai ditemukaneffloresensi macula eritema batas tegas, tepi aktif meninggi, central healing dan ditutupiskuama halus, pada pemeriksaan KOH 20% dari bagian aktif lesi ditemukan hifa panjangbersepta dan bercabang. Diagnosis ditegakkan bedasarkan anamnesis dan KOH, terapiyang diberikan adalah terbinafin 1 x 250 mg selama 2 minggu dengan prognosis yangbaik.