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Kaempferia galanga L. rhizomes contain ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate as a major secondary metabolite compound and biomarker. Various extraction methods with different solvents can isolate ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate with potential bioactivities. This paper reported the isolation of ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate from two varieties of K. galanga L. rhizomes by maceration in n-hexane. The small and large varieties of K. galanga samples produced ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate in 1.43% and 1.84% yields, higher than other methods and polar solvents of previous research. Structural elucidation of the obtained ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate was performed by FTIR, MS, and 1H NMR spectroscopies.

This study is preliminary research of secondary metabolite potential from medicinal Herb Madura. This study aims to know the medicinal plants used in the medicinal herb Madura and the phytochemical content contained in these medicinal plants. The method used in this study is a survey to know the kinds of medicinal plants used in Madura Herb. Then a phytochemical screening test for the medicinal plant was performed. The phytochemical screening test used are alkaloids, steroids, saponins, and flavonoids. Based on the research, it is found that 66 medicinal plants are widely used for "Ramuan Madura” in Bangkalan. Of the 66 plants selected, Madura five medicinal plants widely used by the Madurense; Parameria laevigata, Kaempferia galanga L., Curcuma domestica, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, dan Punica granatum. Then the preliminary phytochemical test to determine the secondary metabolite compounds. Secondary metabolite content obtained include alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and flavonoids.

Modified chitosan membrane is one of the promising membranes for polymer electrolyte membrane. Chitosan/N-phthaloyl chitosan composite membranes were fabricated to obtain high proton conductivity and low methanol permeability. Membranes were fabricated by casting method and solvent evaporation. Surface morphology, mechanical analysis, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity were used to characterize the overall properties. FT-IR spectra exhibited the presence of interaction of chitosan and n-phthaloyl/chitosan. SEM analysis showed that the surface roughness of composite membrane increases as the n-phthaloyl loading increases. The highest proton conductivity of synthesized membrane is at 2.4 mS.cm-1 and is higher than pristine chitosan membrane at 1.6 mS.cm-1. Moreover, with n-phthaloyl/chitosan addition, the methanol permeability was also improved. The correlation between proton conductivity and methanol permeability in composite membranes suggests that the blend has its potential in DMFC application.

Currently, modern medicine has advanced rapidly but habits of drinking herbal medicine are still survived in Madurese society. The local wisdom of drinking herbal medicine in Madurese society, especially in Sampang Regency has been believed to be efficacious for generations. Average medicinal ingredients used are derived from natural ingredients taken from root organs, bark, leaves, fruit or seeds of herbs. This research aims to perform an inventory of herbs that have potential in improving the welfare of Madurese, especially in Sampang Regency. Type of research used is descriptive qualitative research method used is by conducting interviews to the community, IKOT owners, and herbalist. Madurese herbs in Sampang. Based on the results of research, 46 herbs are obtained. Of 46 plants found there are 16 different types of herbs. Herbal plants that many people use (have a percentage of more than 50%) are jahe (Indonesian name), kunyit (Indonesian name), kencur (Indonesian name), kayu rapet (Indonesian name) and delima (Indonesian name). The results of phytochemical screening of fifth herbs showed that positive herbal plants containing saponins were jahe (Indonesian name), kencur (Indonesian name), kayu rapet (Indonesian name) and delima (Indonesian name). And of the five samples, all positively contain secondary metabolites of flavonoids, tannins, and steroids.

Garcinia husor is one of the folk medicines in Maluku-Indonesia. This species has been used for the treatmet of Malaria disease. The phytochemical contents and antiplasmodial activity not reported yet. In this study we evaluated the quantitative phytochemicals, in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity of stem bark ethyl acetate extract. In vitro assay was done using P. falciparum 3D7 strain sensitive of chloroquine. For in vivo analysis, four groups of M. musculus were infected by P. berghei and their parasitemia levels were for 7 days of treatment with ethyl acetate extract; hematological and biochemical parameter were analyzed at the end of experiment. The result showed ethyl acetate extract with the TPC (169.47 mg GAE/100 g ±0.61) and TPC (167.37 mg QE/100 g ±1.05) was active against P. falciparum 3D7 strain (IC50 value of 0.31±0.43 μg/ml). The animal treated with extract showed suppression of parasitemia to 87.57±1.41% compared with the P. berghei infected-mice (negative control), ED50 value of 22.30 mg/kg BW. The dose of extract in 200 mg/kg BW was reduce parasitemia of infected mice with P. berghei more potential. The ethyl acetate of the stem bark G. husor with has antiplasmodial properties and future investigation are necessary to elucidate its mechanism of action.

Pada tahap awal desain, untuk mendapatkan desain kapal yang optimum perlu dilakukan analisa untuk menentukan parameter utama dari kapal. Dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisa terhadap pemilihan parameter utama dari kapal ferry catamaran kelas 1000GT untuk mendapatkan desain kapal ferry yang optimal. Parameter utama kapal ditentukan dari optimasi data utama kapal yang mirip yang dijadikan acuan set based design untuk mendapatkan ukuran kapal kapal ferry catamaran yang diinginkan. Geometri bentuk lambung kapal kemudian dioptimasikan dan dianalisa hambatannya menggunakan metode perhitungan, simulasi dan uji tarik. Rencana umum kapal kemudian dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan penataan ruang dan penentuan kapasitas kapal yang otimum. Dari hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa kapal ferry catamaran 1000GT memiliki gross tonnage (GT) sebesar 1130GT dan nett tonnage (NT) 197GT. Dan daya mesin yang digunakan adalah 4 x 810 HP, untuk kecepatan dinas 15 knots.

Gerakan kapal terombang – ambing atau naik turun di laut lepas yang diakibatkan oleh ombak yang besar dan terus menerus dapat mengakibatkan gejala sakit berupa kepala pusing, mual bahkan muntah yang seringkali diistilahkan sebagai mabuk laut (sea sickness atau motion sickness). Pada kapal penumpang(ferry)kondisi ini menjadi suatu persyaratan penting yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam proses desain. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan kajian terhadap hasil perhitungan dan simulasi percepatan vertikal gerakan kapal catamaran 1000GT sehingga bisa dilihat unjuk kerja kapal terhadap kenyamanan penumpang. Kenyamanan pada penumpang dilihat dari indeks jumlah penumpang yang mengalami mabuk laut pada periode tertentu dengan mengacu pada standard ISO-2631/1997. Perhitungan dan simulasi dilakukan pada beberapat titik di kapal untuk melihat percepatan vertikal yang terjadi. Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan pengaruh dari lokasi pengukuran, durasi dan arah ombak terhadap persentase jumlah penumpang yang mengalami gejala mabuk laut atau motion sickness incidence (MSI).

This paper reviews various types of heterogeneous acid-base catalysts for fragrances preparation. Catalytic activities of various types of heterogeneous acid and base catalysts in fragrances preparation, i.e. non-zeolitic, zeolitic, and mesoporous molecular sieves have been reported. Generally, heterogeneous acid catalysts are commonly used in fragrance synthesis as compared to heterogeneous base catalysts. Heteropoly acids and hydrotalcites type catalysts are widely used as heterogeneous acid and base catalysts, respectively. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

Majority of spinal cord tumour is a benign tumour with symptoms are due to spinal cord compression. One of the symptoms that are often difficult to treat is a sensory deficit. The authors report a case of primary intradural extramedullar spinal cord tumour in 57-year-old man. This tumour was presenting symptoms of chronic low back pain, gradual progressive inferior paraplegia, and sensory deficit on both legs. MRI thoracal showed intradural lesion at Th 4-5-6, with isointensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity-isohomogen on T2-weighted images. The tumour was completely resected, and histopathology examination revealed schwannoma types. Patient showed a clinical improvement in motoric function noticeable after surgery, but showed sensory deficits sequelae requiring therapy for neuropathic pain.

Background and aims. Intracerebral hemorrhage stroke remains a major health problem and disability. Increased levels of markers of inflammatory factors after hemorrhage stroke was able to predict poor clinical outcome. Until now, the role of C Reactive Protein (CRP) in the local inflammatory response and clinical determinants output remains unclear. Aims to investigate the correlation of CRP level with poor clinical outcome as measured by Barthel Index. Methods and material. This study was an observasional cohort porspective study performed on haemorrhage stroke patients in Saiful Anwar General Hospital in Februari 2014 until April 2014. Haemorrhage stroke diagnosis was made based on history, neurological examination, and head CT scan on admission. We included 41 patients whom admitted to hospital within 24 h of onset. Neurological examination was performed at early hospitalization, severity degree of stroke was measured by the scale of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), at the end of treatment clinical outcome will be assessed with Barthel Index scale. Clinical outcome divided into 2 category, the first is good category (Index Barthel value is between 45-100) and bad category (Index Barthel value is less than 45). C-Reactive Protein value was assessment with high sensitivity (hs) method. Result. There was significant correlation (p=0,01, r=0,613) between CRP levels to poor clinical outcome measured by Barthel Index. Conclusions. C Reactive Protein levels could predict poor clinical outcome as measured by Barthel Index in intracerebral hemorrhage patients.