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This study aims to determine the effect of household characteristics and children's living environment on child labor to reduce the likelihood of child labor occurrence. The data source of this research is Sakernas (Indonesian National Labor Force Survey) of August 2018, including school accreditation, household head gender, age, working sector, employment status, household size, dependency ratio, location, and school quality, towards the probability of child labor occurrence in Indonesia. Results suggest that the government must prioritize welfare programs for women household heads, asses the minimum age for marriage, improve education facilities, and increase parental awareness to eliminate child labor. The government needs to improve education infrastructure. This infrastructure improvement should be accompanied by the convenience of school access and its costs. The lack of education infrastructure, especialy in rural areas makes it difficult for children there to attend formal schooling.

Although the number of Islamic co-operatives' memberships only amounted to 2.51 million people (11.19%) to the total membership of co-operatives in Indonesia nationwide, but it has shown a rising trend in its membership by 76.11% over the last decade (Ministry of Co-Operatives SMEs, 2019). These figures raise an essential research question: what drives the decision of Indonesian citizens to patronage Islamic co-operatives? Specifically, this study explores pertinent determinants of decision-making made by the members to select Islamic co-operatives in Aceh, Indonesia. A number of 280 members and non-members of Islamic co-operatives were selected as the sample of the study using a purposive sampling technique. Based on the logistic multiple regression technique, the study recorded that the members' decision-making in selecting Islamic co-operatives was mainly determined by their shari'ah compliance and characteristics' uniqueness. Meanwhile, physical facilities and services quality provided by the Islamic co-operatives have insignificant effects on the people's decision-making to become the memberships of Islamic co-operatives. This empirical evidence suggested that to attract more memberships, the Islamic co-operatives should improve their shari'ah compliance and characteristics' uniqueness.

This study contributes to the existing literature on the phenomenon of lower valume of Profit-Loss Sharing (PLS)-based products offered by Islamic banks by comprehensively discussing and analyzing the issue from the internal, external, and regulation perspectives, taking the case of PT. Bank Aceh Syariah (BAS) in Indonesia. Using a grounded theory approach, this study interviews selected informants who are knowledgeable in Islamic economics, banking, and financial theories and practices, including experts, practitioners, customers, and regulators. Viewed from three aspects, namely: internal, external, and regulation, the study found that, from the internal aspect, the problem of the low volume of PLS-based financing products is caused by six factors, namely: high risk, lack of quality and quantity of human resources, complicated handling, lack of banking product innovation, asymmetric information, and lack of socialization. Meanwhile, from the external aspects, it is caused by three factors, namely: moral hazard, lack of community's knowledge of Islamic banking products, and low demand. Finally, from the aspect of the regulation, it is caused by a lack of supportive regulation. By tackling these issues, it is believed that the Islamic bank could offer more PLS-based products that finally contribute to the prosperity of the public.

This study attempts to explore comparatively the determinants of financial performances between the conventional and Islamic banks in Indonesia. The determinants investigated in the study include liquidity, non-performing financing, capital adequacy, and operational cost. The samples of this study are three state-owned conventional banks and three Islamic banks that were selected by the purposive sampling technique. Based on the panel regression analysis, the study found that, for the conventional banks, capital adequacy, liquidity, and operational cost had significant influences on banks' performances, while the non-performing loan had an insignificant effect. On the other hand, for the Islamic banks, the liquidity, non-performing financing, and operational cost had significant influences on banks’ performance, while capital adequacy had an insignificant effect. These findings provide important implications for the respective banks to design a proper financial policy to enhance their performances by focusing on the significant determinants affecting banks' performances.

ABSTRACT - This study aims to empirically explore and analyze the effects of profitability, liquidity, solvency, and firm size on the rate of returns of Islamic stocks in Indonesia. A total of 30 companies registered in the Jakarta Islamic Index were selected as samples of the study using purposive sampling techniques during the 2013-2017 period and estimated using the panel model of Generalized Least Square (GLS). This study found evidence of a positive and significant effect of profitability on the Islamic stock returns, while liquidity, solvency, and company size were documented to insignificant in affecting the Islamic stock returns. The results of this study imply that to gain a maximum rate of returns, investors should pay attention to the profitability gained by the companies listed on the Islamic stock market. ================================================================================================== ABSTRAK – Apa yang Menentukan Tingkat Pengembalian Saham Syariah di Indonesia? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh profitabilitas, likuiditas, solvabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap tingkat pengembalian saham syariah di Indonesia. Sebanyak 30 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index dipilih sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling selama periode 2013-2017 dan diestimasi dengan model panel Generalized Least Square. Penelitian ini menemukan bukti bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat pengembalian saham syariah, sedangkan likuiditas, solvabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat pengembalian saham syariah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk memaksimumkan tingkat pengembalian, investor harus memperhatikan keuntungan yang diperolehi perusahaan yang terdaftar di pasar saham syariah.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pelaksanaan pembayaran tunjangan kinerja pegawai Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan-Sekolah menengah Teknologi Industri (SMK SMTI) Kementerian Perindustrian di Indonesia. Pembayaran tunjangan kinerja pegawai dipengaruhi oleh grade jabatan yang disusun oleh manajemen dituangkan dalam struktur organisasi dan analisa jabatan pada SMK SMTI Kementerian Perindustrian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, adapun objek penelitian ini adalah struktur organisasi (X1), analisis jabatan (X2) dan Motivasi Kerja (Y). Sedangkan subjek penelitian ini adalah SMK SMTI Kementerian Perindustrian di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dan interprestasi data pada masing-masing variabel disimpulkan hasil penelitian: (1) Struktur organisasi pada SMK SMTI Kementerian Perindustrian sudah sangat baik, (2) Analisis jabatan pada SMK SMTI Kementerian Perindustrian sudah baik, (3) Motivasi kerja pada SMK SMTI Kementerian Perindustrian sudah sangat baik, (4) Terdapat pengaruh positif dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,609 antara variabel struktur organisasi terhadap variabel motivasi kerja, sehingga setiap ada perbaikan dalam struktur organisasi akan mengakibatkan peningkatan motivasi kerja, (5) Terdapat pengaruh positif dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,332 antara variabel analisis jabatan terhadap variabel motivasi kerja, sehingga setiap ada perbaikan dalam analisis jabatan akan mengakibatkan peningkatan motivasi kerja.

This research empirically measures the economic exposure of 11 selected miscellaneous companies in Indonesia. It also attempts to empirically explore the influence of firm size, export, liquidity, and leverage on the economic exposure of those companies. Annual data from 2007 to 2010, which was collected from the www.idx.co.id and www.bi.go.id were used and analyzed by the multiple linear regression to measure the economic exposure and examine the influences of the firm size, export, liquidity, and leverage on the economic exposure. Both partial (t-test) and simultaneous (F-test) hypotheses were constructed and tested using the software of SPSS for Windows. The research documented that, with the exception of the liquidity, which has a negative and significant effect partially on the economic exposure, all other variables, i.e., the firm size, export, and leverage were found to have insignificant effects. Meanwhile, based on the F-test, the research found that the firm size, export, liquidity, and leverage affected simultaneously and significantly the economic exposure of the companies. These findings imply that in order to manage their economic exposure, the companies should control these variables, especially the liquidity.

The failure of western economists to identify the factors that cause of the differences in economic growth within a country over time and differences in economic growth between countries are because of their weaknesses and ignorance. Besides, the ignorance of the role of science in the early emergence of the theory of economic development, until now they still deny the presence of the grace of Allah SWT as the most important factor causing the ongoing economic development of the people. Because of the high value of science in Islam, then the mastery of science comprehensively and completely will allow Muslims to build its economy. However, economic development of the people will never apply without the blessing of Allah through His grace stream. This paper is to review and uncover the weakness of western economic growth theory since the theory was first initiated. Although, initially the western economists had ignored the role of science as one important indicator of economic development, then in the end of 2nd millennium they have that mastery of knowledge is absolutely necessary to develop the economy of the country. It is clearly shown that finally the western economists were forced to admit the truth of the words of Allah that has been poured in the Muslim holy book, Al Qur'an, about the importance of the role of sciences in life in this world. =========================================== Kegagalan para ahli ekonomi barat untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya perbedaan pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam sebuah negara dari masa ke masa dan perbedaan pertumbuhan ekonomi antar negara adalah mutlak disebabkan oleh kedhaifan dan kejahilan mereka sendiri. Selain sempat mengabaikan peran ilmu pengetahuan pada awal-awal kemunculan teori pembangunan ekonomi, hingga detik ini mereka masih menafikan kehadiran rahmat Allah SWT sebagai faktor terpenting penyebab berlangsungnya pembangunan ekonomi umat. Karena tingginya nilai ilmu pengetahuan dalam Islam, maka penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan secara komprehensif dan benar jelas akan memudahkan umat Islam untuk membangun ekonominya. Namun, pembangunan ekonomi umat tidak akan pernah berlaku tanpa mendapat restu Allah SWT melalui cucuran rahmatNya. Tulisan ini meninjau dan menguak kedhaifan teori pertumbuhan ekonomi barat sejak teori itu pertama kali digagaskan. Walaupun pada awalnya para ahli ekonomi barat sempat mengabaikan peran ilmu pengetahuan sebagai salah satu indikator penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi, namun di akhir milineum ke-2 mereka telah menyadari bahwa penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan adalah mutlak diperlukan untuk membangun ekonomi negara. Ini, secara jelas, menunjukkan bahwa, akhirnya, para ahli ekonomi barat terpaksa mengakui kebenaran kata-kata Allah SWT yang telah dituangkan dalam kitab suci umat Islam, al-Qur’an tentang pentingnya peran ilmu pengetahuan dalam menjalani kehidupan di dunia fana ini.